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Book Version One Regional Reliability Standard for Resource and Demand Balancing  Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation   Ferc   2018 Edition

Download or read book Version One Regional Reliability Standard for Resource and Demand Balancing Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation Ferc 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Version One Regional Reliability Standard for Resource and Demand Balancing (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Version One Regional Reliability Standard for Resource and Demand Balancing (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 Under section 215 of the Federal Power Act, the Commission hereby remands a revised regional Reliability Standard developed by the Western Electricity Coordinating Council and approved by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation, which the Commission has certified as the Electric Reliability Organization responsible for developing and enforcing mandatory Reliability Standards. The revised regional Reliability Standard, designated by WECC as BAL-002-WECC-1, would set revised Contingency Reserve requirements meant to maintain scheduled frequency and avoid loss of firm load following transmission or generation contingencies. This book contains: - The complete text of the Version One Regional Reliability Standard for Resource and Demand Balancing (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Book Version One Regional Reliability Standards   Facilities Design  Connections  and Maintenance   Protection and Control and Voltage  Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation   Ferc   2018 Edition

Download or read book Version One Regional Reliability Standards Facilities Design Connections and Maintenance Protection and Control and Voltage Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation Ferc 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Version One Regional Reliability Standards - Facilities Design, Connections, and Maintenance - Protection and Control and Voltage (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Version One Regional Reliability Standards - Facilities Design, Connections, and Maintenance - Protection and Control and Voltage (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 Under section 215 of the Federal Power Act, the Commission hereby approves four revised regional Reliability Standards developed by the Western Electricity Coordinating Council and approved by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation, which the Commission has certified as the Electric Reliability Organization responsible for developing and enforcing mandatory Reliability Standards. These regional Reliability Standards have been designated by the Western Electricity Coordinating Council as FAC-501-WECC-1-Transmission Maintenance, PRC-004-WECC-1-Protection System and Remedial Action Scheme Misoperation, VAR-002-WECC-1-Automatic Voltage Regulators, and VAR-501-WECC-1-Power System Stabilizer. Reliability Standard FAC-501-WECC-1 addresses transmission maintenance for specified transmission paths in the Western Interconnection. Reliability Standard PRC-004-WECC-1 addresses the analysis of misoperations that occur on transmission and generation protection systems and remedial action schemes in the Western Interconnection. Reliability Standard VAR-002-WECC-1 is meant to ensure that automatic voltage regulators remain in service on synchronous generators and condensers in the Western Interconnection. Reliability Standard VAR-501-WECC-1 is meant to ensure that power system stabilizers remain in service on synchronous generators in the Western Interconnection. In addition, the Commission approves five new regional definitions applicable within the Western Interconnection. This book contains: - The complete text of the Version One Regional Reliability Standards - Facilities Design, Connections, and Maintenance - Protection and Control and Voltage (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Book Planning Resource Adequacy Assessment Reliability Standard  Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation   Ferc   2018 Edition

Download or read book Planning Resource Adequacy Assessment Reliability Standard Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation Ferc 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-14 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planning Resource Adequacy Assessment Reliability Standard (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Planning Resource Adequacy Assessment Reliability Standard (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 Under section 215(d)(2) of the Federal Power Act, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approves regional Reliability Standard, BAL-502-RFC-02 (Planning Resource Adequacy Analysis, Assessment and Documentation), developed by Reliability First Corporation (RFC) and submitted to the Commission by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation. The approved regional Reliability Standard requires planning coordinators within the RFC geographical footprint to analyze, assess and document resource adequacy for load in the RFC footprint annually, to utilize a "one day in ten years" loss of load criterion, and to document and post load and resource capability in each area or transmission-constrained sub-area identified. The Commission also approves four regional reliability definitions related to the approved regional Reliability Standard and the violation risk factors and violation severity levels assigned to the BAL-502-RFC-02 Requirements. This book contains: - The complete text of the Planning Resource Adequacy Assessment Reliability Standard (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Book Balancing Authority Control  Inadvertent Interchange  and Facility Interconnection Reliability Standards  Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation   Ferc   2018 Edition

Download or read book Balancing Authority Control Inadvertent Interchange and Facility Interconnection Reliability Standards Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation Ferc 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-06 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Balancing Authority Control, Inadvertent Interchange, and Facility Interconnection Reliability Standards (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Balancing Authority Control, Inadvertent Interchange, and Facility Interconnection Reliability Standards (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) approves Reliability Standards BAL-005-1 (Balancing Authority Control) and FAC-001-3 (Facility Interconnection Requirements), submitted by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation, as well as the retirement of Reliability Standards BAL-005-0.2b (Automatic Generation Control), FAC-001-2 (Facility Interconnection Requirements), and BAL-006-2 (Inadvertent Interchange). This book contains: - The complete text of the Balancing Authority Control, Inadvertent Interchange, and Facility Interconnection Reliability Standards (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Book Regional Reliability Standards   Bal 002 Wecc 2   Contingency Reserve  Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation   Ferc   2018 Edition

Download or read book Regional Reliability Standards Bal 002 Wecc 2 Contingency Reserve Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation Ferc 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regional Reliability Standards - BAL-002-WECC-2 - Contingency Reserve (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Regional Reliability Standards - BAL-002-WECC-2 - Contingency Reserve (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 Under section 215 of the Federal Power Act, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) approves regional Reliability Standard BAL-002-WECC-2 (Contingency Reserve). The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) submitted the regional Reliability Standard to the Commission for approval. The regional Reliability Standard applies to balancing authorities and reserve sharing groups in the WECC Region and is meant to specify the quantity and types of contingency reserve required to ensure reliability under normal and abnormal conditions. This book contains: - The complete text of the Regional Reliability Standards - BAL-002-WECC-2 - Contingency Reserve (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Book Handbook on Electricity Markets

Download or read book Handbook on Electricity Markets written by Glachant, Jean-Michel and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With twenty-two chapters written by leading international experts, this volume represents the most detailed and comprehensive Handbook on electricity markets ever published.

Book Mandatory Reliability Standards for the Bulk Power System  Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation   Ferc   2018 Edition

Download or read book Mandatory Reliability Standards for the Bulk Power System Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation Ferc 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-14 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mandatory Reliability Standards for the Bulk-Power System (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Mandatory Reliability Standards for the Bulk-Power System (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 Pursuant to section 215 of the Federal Power Act (FPA), the Commission approves 83 of 107 proposed Reliability Standards, six of the eight proposed regional differences, and the Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards developed by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), which the Commission has certified as the Electric Reliability Organization (ERO) responsible for developing and enforcing mandatory Reliability Standards. Those Reliability Standards meet the requirements of section 215 of the FPA and Part 39 of the Commission's regulations. However, although we believe it is in the public interest to make these Reliability Standards mandatory and enforceable, we also find that much work remains to be done. Specifically, we believe that many of these Reliability Standards require significant improvement to address, among other things, the recommendations of the Blackout Report. Therefore, pursuant to section 215(d)(5), we require the ERO to submit significant improvements to 56 of the 83 Reliability Standards that are being approved as mandatory and enforceable. The remaining 24 Reliability Standards will remain pending at the Commission until further information is provided. This book contains: - The complete text of the Mandatory Reliability Standards for the Bulk-Power System (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Book Mandatory Reliability Standards for Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits  Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation   Ferc   2018 Edition

Download or read book Mandatory Reliability Standards for Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation Ferc 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mandatory Reliability Standards for Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Mandatory Reliability Standards for Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 Under section 215 of the Federal Power Act, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) approves three new Interconnection Reliability Operations and Coordination Reliability Standards and seven revised Reliability Standards related to Emergency Preparedness and Operations, Interconnection Reliability Operations and Coordination, and Transmission Operations. These Reliability Standards were submitted to the Commission for approval by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), which the Commission has certified as the Electric Reliability Organization responsible for developing and enforcing mandatory Reliability Standards. The Reliability Standards were designed to prevent instability, uncontrolled separation, or cascading outages that adversely impact the reliability of the interconnection by ensuring that the reliability coordinator has the data necessary to assess its reliability coordinator area during the operations horizon and that it takes prompt action to prevent or mitigate instances of exceeding Interconnection Reliability. This book contains: - The complete text of the Mandatory Reliability Standards for Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Book Electric Reliability Organization Interpretations of Specific Requirements of Frequency Response and Bias and Voltage  Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation   Ferc   2018 Edition

Download or read book Electric Reliability Organization Interpretations of Specific Requirements of Frequency Response and Bias and Voltage Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation Ferc 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-07 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric Reliability Organization Interpretations of Specific Requirements of Frequency Response and Bias and Voltage (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Electric Reliability Organization Interpretations of Specific Requirements of Frequency Response and Bias and Voltage (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 Pursuant to section 215 of the Federal Power Act, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission hereby approves the North American Electric Reliability Corporation's (NERC) interpretation of one Commission-approved Reliability Standard, BAL-003-0, Frequency Response and Bias; and remands NERC's proposed interpretation of VAR-001-1, Voltage and Reactive Control, for reconsideration consistent with this Final Rule. This book contains: - The complete text of the Electric Reliability Organization Interpretations of Specific Requirements of Frequency Response and Bias and Voltage (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Book Retirement of Requirements in Reliability Standards  Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation   Ferc   2018 Edition

Download or read book Retirement of Requirements in Reliability Standards Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation Ferc 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retirement of Requirements in Reliability Standards (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Retirement of Requirements in Reliability Standards (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 Pursuant to section 215 of the Federal Power Act, the Commission approves the retirement of 34 requirements within 19 Reliability Standards identified by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), the Commission-certified Electric Reliability Organization. The requirements approved for retirement either: Provide little protection for Bulk-Power System reliability; or are redundant with other aspects of the Reliability Standards. In addition, the Commission withdraws 41 Commission directives that NERC develop modifications to Reliability Standards. This rule is part of the Commission's ongoing effort to review its requirements and reduce unnecessary burdens by eliminating requirements that are not necessary to the performance of the Commission's regulatory responsibilities. This book contains: - The complete text of the Retirement of Requirements in Reliability Standards (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Book Mandatory Reliability Standard for Nuclear Plant Interface Coordination  Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation   Ferc   2018 Edition

Download or read book Mandatory Reliability Standard for Nuclear Plant Interface Coordination Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation Ferc 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mandatory Reliability Standard for Nuclear Plant Interface Coordination (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Mandatory Reliability Standard for Nuclear Plant Interface Coordination (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 Pursuant to section 215 of the Federal Power Act (FPA), the Commission approves the Nuclear Plant Interface Coordination Reliability Standard developed by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC). In addition, pursuant to section 215(d)(5) of the FPA, the Commission directs NERC to develop a modification to the Reliability Standard to address a specific concern. The Reliability Standard requires a nuclear plant generator operator and its suppliers of back-up power and related transmission and/or distribution services to coordinate concerning nuclear licensing requirements for safe nuclear plant operation and shutdown and system operating limits. The Commission also approves four related definitions for addition to the NERC Glossary of Terms, and directs various changes to proposed violation risk factors, which measure the potential impact of violations of the Reliability Standard on the reliability of the Bulk-Power System. This book contains: - The complete text of the Mandatory Reliability Standard for Nuclear Plant Interface Coordination (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Book Electricity Auctions

Download or read book Electricity Auctions written by Luiz Maurer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-07-25 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electricity-contract auctions have been getting increased attention as they have emerged as a successful mechanism to procure new generation capacity and. This book presents a comprehensive overview of international experiences in auction design and implementation.

Book Digital Decarbonization

    Book Details:
  • Author : Varun Sivaram
  • Publisher : Council on Foreign Relations Press
  • Release : 2018
  • ISBN : 9780876097489
  • Pages : 146 pages

Download or read book Digital Decarbonization written by Varun Sivaram and published by Council on Foreign Relations Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As energy industries produce ever more data, firms are harnessing greater computing power, advances in data science, and increased digital connectivity to exploit that data. These trends have the potential to transform the way energy is produced, transported, and consumed.

Book A New Swing Contract Design for Wholesale Power Markets

Download or read book A New Swing Contract Design for Wholesale Power Markets written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-12 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive information on swing contracts for flexible reserve provision in wholesale power markets This book promotes a linked swing-contract market design for centrally-managed wholesale power markets to facilitate increased reliance on renewable energy resources and demand-side participation. The proposed swing contracts are firm or option two-part pricing contracts permitting resources to offer the future availability of dispatchable power paths (reserve) with broad types of flexibility in their power attributes. A New Swing-Contract Design for Wholesale Power Markets begins with a brief introduction to the subject, followed by two chapters that cover: general goals for wholesale power market design; history, operations, and conceptual concerns for current U.S. RTO/ISO-managed wholesale power markets; and the relationship of the present study to previous swing-contract research. The next eight chapters cover: a general swing-contract formulation for centrally-managed wholesale power markets; illustrative swing-contract reserve offers; inclusion of reserve offers with price swing; inclusion of price-sensitive reserve bids; and extension to a linked collection of swing-contract markets. Operations in current U.S. RTO/ISO-managed markets are reviewed in the following four chapters, and conceptual and practical advantages of the linked swing-contract market design are carefully considered. The book concludes with an examination of two key issues: How might current U.S. RTO/ISO-managed markets transition gradually to a swing-contract form? And how might independent distribution system operators, functioning as linkage entities at transmission and distribution system interfaces, make use of swing contracts to facilitate their participation in wholesale power markets as providers of ancillary services harnessed from distribution-side resources? In summary, this title: Addresses problems with current wholesale electric power markets by developing a new swing-contract market design from concept to practical implementation Provides introductory chapters that explain the general principles motivating the new market design, hence why a new approach is required Develops a new type of swing contract suitable for wholesale power markets with increasing reliance on renewable energy and active demand-side participation A New Swing-Contract Design for Wholesale Power Markets is an ideal book for electric power system professionals and for students specializing in electric power systems.

Book Integration of Variable Energy Resources  Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation   Ferc   2018 Edition

Download or read book Integration of Variable Energy Resources Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation Ferc 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integration of Variable Energy Resources (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Integration of Variable Energy Resources (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is amending the pro forma Open Access Transmission Tariff to remove unduly discriminatory practices and to ensure just and reasonable rates for Commission-jurisdictional services. Specifically, this Final Rule removes barriers to the integration of variable energy resources by requiring each public utility transmission provider to: offer intra-hourly transmission scheduling; and, incorporate provisions into the pro forma Large Generator Interconnection Agreement requiring interconnection customers whose generating facilities are variable energy resources to provide meteorological and forced outage data to the public utility transmission provider for the purpose of power production forecasting. This book contains: - The complete text of the Integration of Variable Energy Resources (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Book Prohibition of Energy Market Manipulation  Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation   Ferc   2018 Edition

Download or read book Prohibition of Energy Market Manipulation Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation Ferc 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-14 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prohibition of Energy Market Manipulation (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Prohibition of Energy Market Manipulation (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 In this Final Rule, pursuant to Title III, Subtitle B, and Title XII, Subtitle G of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) is amending its regulations to implement new section 4A of the Natural Gas Act and new section 222 of the Federal Power Act, prohibiting the employment of manipulative or deceptive devices or contrivances. This book contains: - The complete text of the Prohibition of Energy Market Manipulation (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

Book Power System Economics

Download or read book Power System Economics written by Steven Stoft and published by Wiley-IEEE Press. This book was released on 2002-05-28 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first systematic presentation of electricity market design-from the basics to the cutting edge. Unique in its breadth and depth. Using examples and focusing on fundamentals, it clarifies long misunderstood issues-such as why today's markets are inherently unstable. The book reveals for the first time how uncoordinated regulatory and engineering policies cause boom-bust investment swings and provides guidance and tools for fixing broken markets. It also takes a provocative look at the operation of pools and power exchanges. * Part 1 introduces key economic, engineering and market design concepts. * Part 2 links short-run reliability policies with long-run investment problems. * Part 3 examines classic designs for day-ahead and real-time markets. * Part 4 covers market power, and * Part 5 covers locational pricing, transmission right and pricing losses. The non-technical introductions to all chapters allow easy access to the most difficult topics. Steering an independent course between ideological extremes, it provides background material for engineers, economists, regulators and lawyers alike. With nearly 250 figures, tables, side bars, and concisely-stated results and fallacies, the 44 chapters cover such essential topics as auctions, fixed-cost recovery from marginal cost, pricing fallacies, real and reactive power flows, Cournot competition, installed capacity markets, HHIs, the Lerner index and price caps. About the Author Steven Stoft has a Ph.D. in economics (U.C. Berkeley) as well as a background in physics, math, engineering, and astronomy. He spent a year inside FERC and now consults for PJM, California and private generators. Learn more at www.stoft.com.