Download or read book Verification of Hierarchical Cache Coherence Protocols for Futuristic Processors written by Xiaofang Chen (computer engineer.) and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Post Silicon and Runtime Verification for Modern Processors written by Ilya Wagner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to survey the state of the art and evolving directions in post-silicon and runtime verification. The authors start by giving an overview of the state of the art in verification, particularly current post-silicon methodologies in use in the industry, both for the domain of processor pipeline design and for memory subsystems. They then dive into the presentation of several new post-silicon verification solutions aimed at boosting the verification coverage of modern processors, dedicating several chapters to this topic. The presentation of runtime verification solutions follows a similar approach. This is an area of processor design that is still in its early stages of exploration and that holds the promise of accomplishing the ultimate goal of achieving complete correctness guarantees for microprocessor-based computation. The authors conclude the book with a look towards the future of late-stage verification and its growing role in the processor life-cycle.

Download or read book Structural Design and Proof of Hierarchical Cache coherence Protocols written by Joonwon Choi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cache-coherence protocols have been one of the greatest correctness challenges of the hardware world. A memory subsystem usually consists of several caches and the main memory, and a cache-coherence protocol defined in such a system allows multiple memory-access transactions to execute in a distributed manner, across the levels of a cache hierarchy. This source of concurrency is the most challenging part in formal verification of cache coherence. In this dissertation, we introduce Hemiola, a framework embedded in Coq to design, prove, and synthesize cache-coherence protocols in a structural way. The framework guides the user to design protocols that never experience inconsistent inter-leavings while handling transactions concurrently. Any protocol designed in Hemiola always satisfies the serializability property, allowing a user to prove the protocol assuming that transactions are executed one-at-a-time. The proof relies on conditions on the protocol topology and state-change rules, but we have designed a domainspecific protocol language that guides the user to design protocols that satisfy these properties by construction. The framework also provides a novel way to design and prove invariants by adding predicates to messages in the system, called predicate messages. On top of serializability, it is much simpler to prove a predicate message, since it is guaranteed that the predicate is not spuriously broken by other messages. We used Hemiola to design and prove hierarchical MSI and MESI protocols, in both inclusive and noninclusive variants, as case studies. We also demonstrated that the case-study protocols are indeed hardware-synthesizable, by using a compilation/ synthesis toolchain in the framework.

Download or read book Complexity effectives Verification of a Multiprocessor Cache Coherence Protocol written by Dennis Charles Abts and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A suite of hierarchical cache coherence protocols written by Umakishore Ramachandran and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cache Coherence Techniques for Multicore Processors written by Michael R. Marty and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Multi Core Cache Hierarchies written by Rajeev Balasubramonian and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011-06-06 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key determinant of overall system performance and power dissipation is the cache hierarchy since access to off-chip memory consumes many more cycles and energy than on-chip accesses. In addition, multi-core processors are expected to place ever higher bandwidth demands on the memory system. All these issues make it important to avoid off-chip memory access by improving the efficiency of the on-chip cache. Future multi-core processors will have many large cache banks connected by a network and shared by many cores. Hence, many important problems must be solved: cache resources must be allocated across many cores, data must be placed in cache banks that are near the accessing core, and the most important data must be identified for retention. Finally, difficulties in scaling existing technologies require adapting to and exploiting new technology constraints. The book attempts a synthesis of recent cache research that has focused on innovations for multi-core processors. It is an excellent starting point for early-stage graduate students, researchers, and practitioners who wish to understand the landscape of recent cache research. The book is suitable as a reference for advanced computer architecture classes as well as for experienced researchers and VLSI engineers. Table of Contents: Basic Elements of Large Cache Design / Organizing Data in CMP Last Level Caches / Policies Impacting Cache Hit Rates / Interconnection Networks within Large Caches / Technology / Concluding Remarks

Download or read book A Multi level Hierarchical Cache Coherence Protocol for Multiprocessors written by University of Washington. Dept. of Computer Science and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally, we conclude with some preliminary results, and some examples of how the protocol and architecture could be made more efficient."

Download or read book Specification and Verification of a Cache Coherence Protocol written by Graeme Smith and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Scalable Hierarchical Cache Coherence Protocol written by Deborah Anne Wallach and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Formal Specification and Verification Technique for Cache Coherence Protocols written by Ashwini K. Nanda and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Locality aware Cache Hierarchy Management for Multicore Processors written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Next generation multicore processors and applications will operate on massive data with significant sharing. A major challenge in their implementation is the storage requirement for tracking the sharers of data. The bit overhead for such storage scales quadratically with the number of cores in conventional directory-based cache coherence protocols. Another major challenge is limited cache capacity and the data movement incurred by conventional cache hierarchy organizations when dealing with massive data scales. These two factors impact memory access latency and energy consumption adversely. This thesis proposes scalable efficient mechanisms that improve effective cache capacity (i.e., by improving utilization) and reduce data movement by exploiting locality and controlling replication. First, a limited directory-based protocol, ACKwise is proposed to track the sharers of data in a cost-effective manner. ACKwise leverages broadcasts to implement scalable cache coherence. Broadcast support can be implemented in a 2-D mesh network by making simple changes to its routing policy without requiring any additional virtual channels. Second, a locality-aware replication scheme that better manages the private caches is proposed. This scheme controls replication based on data reuse information and seamlessly adapts between private and logically shared caching of on-chip data at the fine granularity of cache lines. A low-overhead runtime profiling capability to measure the locality of each cache line is built into hardware. Private caching is only allowed for data blocks with high spatio-temporal locality. Third, a Timestamp-based memory ordering validation scheme is proposed that enables the locality-aware private cache replication scheme to be implementable in processors with out-of-order memory that employ popular memory consistency models. This method does not rely on cache coherence messages to detect speculation violations, and hence is applicable to the locality-aware protocol. The timestamp mechanism is efficient due to the observation that consistency violations only occur due to conflicting accesses that have temporal proximity (i.e., within a few cycles of each other), thus requiring timestamps to be stored only for a small time window. Fourth, a locality-aware last-level cache (LLC) replication scheme that better manages the LLC is proposed. This scheme adapts replication at runtime based on fine-grained cache line reuse information and thereby, balances data locality and off-chip miss rate for optimized execution. Finally, all the above schemes are combined to obtain a cache hierarchy replication scheme that provides optimal data locality and miss rates at all levels of the cache hierarchy. The design of this scheme is motivated by the experimental observation that both locality-aware private cache & LLC replication enable varying performance improvements across benchmarks. These techniques enable optimal use of the on-chip cache capacity, and provide low-latency, low-energy memory access, while retaining the convenience of shared memory and preserving the same memory consistency model. On a 64-core multicore processor with out-of-order cores, Locality-aware Cache Hierarchy Replication improves completion time by 15% and energy by 22% over a state-of-the-art baseline while incurring a storage overhead of 30.7 KB per core. (i.e., 10% the aggregate cache capacity of each core).

Download or read book High Performance Memory Systems written by Haldun Hadimioglu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The State of Memory Technology Over the past decade there has been rapid growth in the speed of micropro cessors. CPU speeds are approximately doubling every eighteen months, while main memory speed doubles about every ten years. The International Tech nology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) study suggests that memory will remain on its current growth path. The ITRS short-and long-term targets indicate continued scaling improvements at about the current rate by 2016. This translates to bit densities increasing at two times every two years until the introduction of 8 gigabit dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chips, after which densities will increase four times every five years. A similar growth pattern is forecast for other high-density chip areas and high-performance logic (e.g., microprocessors and application specific inte grated circuits (ASICs)). In the future, molecular devices, 64 gigabit DRAMs and 28 GHz clock signals are targeted. Although densities continue to grow, we still do not see significant advances that will improve memory speed. These trends have created a problem that has been labeled the Memory Wall or Memory Gap.

Download or read book Approaching Verification of the SCI Cache Coherence Protocol written by Universitetet i Oslo. Institute for Informatics and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Symbolic State Model written by Fong Pong and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design and Validation of Update based Cache Coherence Protocols written by Stanford University. Computer Systems Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we present the details of the two update-based cache coherence protocols for scalable shared-memory multiprocessors that were studied in our previous work. First, the directory structures required for the protocols are briefly reviewed. Next, the state diagrams and some examples of the two update-based protocols are presented; one of the protocols is based on a centralized directory, and the other is based on a singly-linked distributed directory. Protocol deadlock and the additional requirements placed the protocols to avoid such deadlock are also examined. Finally, protocol validation using an exhaustive validation tool known as Murphi is discussed.

Download or read book A Scalable Cache Coherence Protocol for a Hierarchical Bus based Multiprocessor written by Wuucheng Huang and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: