Download or read book Vehicular Emissions Models Using Mobile6 2 and Field Data written by Abhishek Yerramalla and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regression models to predict vehicular emissions for different categories of vehicles for different pollutants are presented in this thesis. Vehicular emissions are affected by numerous variables which, among others, include speed, temperature, acceleration, deceleration, driving behavior and meteorological data. Regression models are developed based on data obtained from Mobile 6.2 and on-board emissions measurements. The U.S. Department of Transportation (US DOT) conducted sensitivity analysis of Mobile6 where they evaluated different parameters used to find the emission factors, such as vehicle miles traveled, speed, humidity, etc. The sensitivity analysis investigated the overall Mobile6.2 model behavior for various conditions. In the analysis, speed was observed to be the most significant variable for all emission types. In this thesis, the regression model for estimating the emission factor for different classes of vehicles for different pollutants considers speed as the predictor variable. CO2 emission rate is estimated in Mobile 6.2 in a very simplistic way. The CO2 calculations are based on the average fuel economy performance estimates built into the model or supplied by the user. For other pollutants, Mobile6.2 considers various factors, such as the ambient temperature, speeds, humidity, etc., but the CO2 emission rates are not adjusted for the speed, temperature, fuel content, etc. Therefore, in this thesis, a model is proposed for estimating the CO2 emission rate considering speed as the predictor variable based on the data obtained from on-board emission measurements. Finally, an analysis is performed to study the affect of acceleration and deceleration on the emission rates.
Download or read book Planning Development and Management of Sustainable Cities written by Tan Yigitcanlar and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of ‘sustainable urban development’ has been pushed to the forefront of policymaking and politics as the world wakes up to the impacts of climate change and the destructive effects of the Anthropocene. Climate change has emerged to be one of the biggest challenges faced by our planet today, threatening both built and natural systems with long-term consequences, which may be irreversible. While there is a vast body of literature on sustainability and sustainable urban development, there is currently limited focus on how to cohesively bring together the vital issues of the planning, development, and management of sustainable cities. Moreover, it has been widely stated that current practices and lifestyles cannot continue if we are to leave a healthy living planet to not only the next generation, but also to the generations beyond. The current global school strikes for climate action (known as Fridays for Future) evidences this. The book advocates the view that the focus needs to rest on ways in which our cities and industries can become green enough to avoid urban ecocide. This book fills a gap in the literature by bringing together issues related to the planning, development, and management of cities and focusing on a triple-bottom-line approach to sustainability.
Download or read book Modeling Mobile Source Emissions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-14 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) model is a computer model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE is used in air-quality planning and regulation for estimating emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for predicting the effects of emissions-reduction programs. Because of its important role in air-quality management, the accuracy of MOBILE is critical. Possible consequences of inaccurately characterizing motor-vehicle emissions include the implementation of insufficient controls that endanger the environment and public health or the implementation of ineffective policies that impose excessive control costs. Billions of dollars per year in transportation funding are linked to air-quality attainment plans, which rely on estimates of mobile-source emissions. Transportation infrastructure decisions are also affected by emissions estimates from MOBILE. In response to a request from Congress, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model in October 1998. The committee was charged to evaluate MOBILE and to develop recommendations for improving the model.
Download or read book Emission estimation based on traffic models and measurements written by Nikolaos Tsanakas and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic congestion increases travel times, but also results in higher energy usage and vehicular emissions. To evaluate the impact of traffic emissions on environment and human health, the accurate estimation of their rates and location is required. Traffic emission models can be used for estimating emissions, providing emission factors in grams per vehicle and kilometre. Emission factors are defined for specific traffic situations, and traffic data is necessary in order to determine these traffic situations along a traffic network. The required traffic data, which consists of average speed and flow, can be obtained either from traffic models or sensor measurements. In large urban areas, the collection of cross-sectional data from stationary sensors is a costefficient method of deriving traffic data for emission modelling. However, the traditional approaches of extrapolating this data in time and space may not accurately capture the variations of the traffic variables when congestion is high, affecting the emission estimation. Static transportation planning models, commonly used for the evaluation of infrastructure investments and policy changes, constitute an alternative efficient method of estimating the traffic data. Nevertheless, their static nature may result in an inaccurate estimation of dynamic traffic variables, such as the location of congestion, having a direct impact on emission estimation. Congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, and since emissions have location specific effects, the location of congestion becomes a crucial aspect. Therefore, the derivation of traffic data for emission modelling usually relies on the simplified, traditional approaches. The aim of this thesis is to identify, quantify and finally reduce the potential errors that these traditional approaches introduce in an emission estimation analysis. According to our main findings, traditional approaches may be sufficient for analysing pollutants with global effects such as CO2, or for large-scale emission modelling applications such as emission inventories. However, for more temporally and spatially sensitive applications, such as dispersion and exposure modelling, a more detailed approach is needed. In case of cross-sectional measurements, we suggest and evaluate the use of a more detailed, but computationally more expensive, data extrapolation approach. Additionally, considering the inabilities of static models, we propose and evaluate the post-processing of their results, by applying quasi-dynamic network loading.
Download or read book Real time Vehicle Emission Estimation Using Traffic Data written by Anjie Liu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current state of climate change should be addressed by all sectors that contribute to it. One of the major contributors is the transportation sector, which generates a quarter of greenhouse gas emissions in North America. Most of these transportation related emissions are from road vehicles; as result, how to manage and control traffic or vehicular emissions is therefore becoming a major concern for the governments, the public and the transportation authorities. One of the key requirements to emission management and control is the ability to quantify the magnitude of emissions by traffic of an existing or future network under specific road plans, designs and traffic management schemes. Unfortunately, vehicular traffic emissions are difficult to quantify or predict, which has led a significant number of efforts over the past decades to address this challenge. Three general methods have been proposed in literature. The first method is for determining the traffic emissions of an existing road network with the idea of measuring the tail-pipe emissions of individual vehicles directly. This approach, while most accurate, is costly and difficult to scale as it would require all vehicles being equipped with tail-pipe emission sensors. The second approach is applying ambient pollutant sensors to measure the emissions generated by the traffic near the sensors. This method is only approximate as the vehicle-generated emissions can easily be confounded by other nearby emitters and weather and environmental conditions. Note that both of these methods are measurement-based and can only be used to evaluate the existing conditions (e.g., after a traffic project is implemented), which means that it cannot be used for evaluating alternative transportation projects at the planning stage. The last method is model-based with the idea of developing models that can be used to estimate traffic emissions. The emission models in this method link the amount of emissions being generated by a group of vehicles to their operations details as well as other influencing factors such as weather, fuel and road geometry. This last method is the most scalable, both spatially and temporally, and also most flexible as it can meet the needs of both monitoring (using field data) and prediction. Typically, traffic emissions are modelled on a macroscopic scale based on the distance travelled by vehicles and their average speeds. However, for traffic management applications, a model of higher granularity would be preferred so that impacts of different traffic control schemes can be captured. Furthermore, recent advances in vehicle detection technology has significantly increased the spatiotemporal resolutions of traffic data. For example, video-based vehicle detection can provide more details about vehicle movements and vehicle types than previous methods like inductive loop detection. Using such detection data, the vehicle movements, referred to as trajectories, can be determined on a second-by-second basis. These vehicle trajectories can then be used to estimate the emissions produced by the vehicles. In this research, we have proposed a new approach that can be used to estimate traffic generated emissions in real time using high resolution traffic data. The essential component of the proposed emission estimation method is the process to reconstruct vehicle trajectories based on available data and some assumptions on the expected vehicle motions including cruising, acceleration and deceleration, and car-following. The reconstructed trajectories containing instantaneous speed and acceleration data are then used to estimate emissions using the MOVES emission simulator. Furthermore, a simplified rate-based module was developed to replace the MOVES software for direct emission calculation, leading to significant improvement in the computational efficiency of the proposed method. The proposed method was tested in a simulated environment using the well-known traffic simulator - Vissim. In the Vissim model, the traffic activities, signal timing, and vehicle detection were simulated and both the original vehicle trajectories and detection data recorded. To evaluate the proposed method, two sets of emission estimates are compared: the "ground truth" set of estimates comes from the originally simulated vehicle trajectories, and the set from trajectories reconstructed using the detection data. Results show that the performance of the proposed method depends on many factors, such as traffic volumes, the placement of detectors, and which greenhouse gas is being estimated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to see whether the proposed method is sufficiently sensitive to the impacts of traffic control schemes. The results from the sensitivity analyses indicate that the proposed method can capture impacts of signal timing changes and signal coordination but is insufficiently sensitive to speed limit changes. Further research is recommended to validate the proposed method using field studies. Another recommendation, which falls outside of this area of research, would be to investigate the feasibility of equipping vehicles with devices that can record their instantaneous fuel consumption and location data. With this information, traffic controllers would be better informed for emission estimation than they would be with only detection data.
Download or read book Permanent WTC PATH Terminal written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling written by Christopher Porter and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 909: Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling explores methods, procedures, and data sets needed to capture commercial vehicle activity, vehicle characteristics, and operations to assist in estimating and forecasting criteria pollutants, air toxics, and greenhouse gas emissions from goods and services movement. Goods movement is a vital part of the national economy, with freight movement growing faster than passenger travel. The growth in freight traffic is contributing to urban congestion, resulting in hours of delay, increased shipping costs, wasted fuel, and greater emissions of greenhouse gas and criteria pollutants. The limited national data on urban goods movement are insufficient for a thorough understanding of the characteristics of the trucks operating in metropolitan areas and the complex logistical chains that they serve. For instance, there are at least three different segments of urban freight--long haul, drayage, and pickup and delivery. It is believed that truck fleet characteristics differ between the segments, but only local registration data exist at a level of detail needed to support regional transportation plans, transportation improvement plans, and state implementation plans. The lack of data on all types of commercial trucks affects model estimation and results in inaccurate base year emissions inventories, limiting the ability to design and implement effective policies to reduce freight-related emissions. NCHRP Research Report 909 enumerates various sources of truck data and how they can be obtained and used to support emissions modeling.
Download or read book Rest Area Upgrade Route I 495 Long Island Expressway Between Eastbound Exits 51 and 52 Town of Huntington Suffolk County written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book I 94 Rehabilitation Project Detroit Wayne County written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fort Belvoir Implementation of 2005 Base Realignment and Closure BRAC Recommendations and Related Army Actions written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Emissions inventory guidance for implementation of ozone and particulate matter national ambient air quality standards NAAQS and regional haze regulations written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations written by and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 1256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Protection of Environment Pt 52 Sec 52 1018 End of Pt 52 Revised as of July 1 2009 written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2009-10-27 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monroe Connector Bypass from Near I 485 at US 74 to US 74 Between the Towns of Wingate and Marshville Mecklenburg and Union Counties written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Route 2 2A 32 Transportation Improvement Study New London County written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 107 2 Hearings Reauthorization Of TEA 21 S Hrg 107 668 Part 1 January 24 2002 Etc written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
