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Book Vegetation Trends in a 31 year old Ponderosa Pine Plantation

Download or read book Vegetation Trends in a 31 year old Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Vegetation Trends in a 31 year old Ponderosa Pine Plantation

Download or read book Vegetation Trends in a 31 year old Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Philip M. McDonald (Research forester) and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Vegetation Trends in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation Treated by Manual Release and Mulching

Download or read book Vegetation Trends in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation Treated by Manual Release and Mulching written by Philip M. McDonald (Research forester) and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations

Download or read book Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planted ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) seedlings in young plantations in California are at a disadvantage compared with competing shrubs, forbs, and grasses. In many instances, roots of competing plants begin expanding and exploiting the soil earlier and in greater numbers, thereby capturing the majority of available resources and lowering pine survival and growth. Competition thresholds or "how much is too much?" are: for treatments where a cleared radius is prescribed, no weeds are acceptable within the space needed for maximum growth of pine seedlings during the establishment period; for treatments involving the entire area, crown cover values of 10 to 30 percent seem to be the level beyond which shrub competition significantly affects pine growth. Methods for preparing the site, which include mechanical and chemical methods, use of fire, and combinations of treatments, show the interaction of site and ensuing vegetation. Techniques for controlling competing vegetation from seed include preventing such plants from getting started by use of preemergent herbicides or mats (collars). To prevent sprouting, hardwood trees and large shrubs can be pushed over, thereby getting the root crown out of the ground, or if still in the soil, grinding it out with a machine. Once present, the effect of weeds from seed can be minimized by grubbing or spraying when young, by grazing plants with cattle or sheep, or by introducing plants of low competitive ability. Once sprouting weeds are present, their effect can be minimized by spraying with chemicals, or if palatable, by grazing with cattle or sheep. Costs range from as low as $10 per acre ($25/ha) for aerially applying herbicides to $711 per acre ($1757/ha) for grinding out tanoak stumps.

Book Ponderosa Pine Seedlings and Competing Vegetation

Download or read book Ponderosa Pine Seedlings and Competing Vegetation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foresters often need information on the cost effectiveness of manual and chemical release treatments for individual and combined species in young mixed-shrub communities. A study in northern Califomia evaluated five manual and chemical treatments and their effect on several shrubs and grasses. Treatments were grubbing at age 1 to 2- and 4 ft (0.6- and 1.2-m) radii, regrubbing and expanding the 2-ft radii to 4 ft, regrubbing and expanding the 4-ft radii to 6 A (1.8 m) at age 4, and applying Velpar herbicide to the entire plot at age 2. Five years after initial manual release and 4 years after chemical release, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) stem caliper at 12 in. (30 cm) above mean ground line differed significantly between Velpar and the untreated control, 2-ft radius, 4-ft radius, and 2-ft radius expanded to 4 ft. Expanding the radius from 4 to 6 feet provided a pine stem caliper that differed significantly from that in the control, and the 2-ft and 4-ft radii treatments. Additional analyses with ponderosa pine seedling height also indicated significant differences among treatmenu that were generally similar to those above. Differences among the six treatments, which are presented in 15 comparisons of stem caliper and treatment production rates, provide forest managers with growth and cost comparisons, and should aid them in selecting the release treatment best suited to their particular situation.

Book Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Identification and Ecology of Old Ponderosa Pine Trees in the Colorado Front Range

Download or read book Identification and Ecology of Old Ponderosa Pine Trees in the Colorado Front Range written by Laurie Stroh Huckaby and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We describe the distinguishing physical characteristics of old ponderosa pine trees in the Front Range of Colorado, the processes that tend to preserve them, their past and present ecological significance, and their role in ecosystem restoration. Photographs illustrate identifying features of old ponderosa pines and show how to differentiate them from mature and young trees. The publication includes a photographic gallery of old ponderosa pine trees growing on poor, moderate, and good sites. We illustrate trees growing under various forest conditions and with different injuries and histories. We discuss dendrochronological methods of aging old trees and determining their fire history. The companion field guide includes a condensed description of ponderosa pine ecology, distinguishing characteristics of old ponderosa pines, and a photographic gallery illustrating their identifying features.

Book Tahoe National Forest N F Cottonwood Fire Vegetation Management Project

Download or read book Tahoe National Forest N F Cottonwood Fire Vegetation Management Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Timing and Duration of Release Treatments Affect Vegetation Development in a Young California White Fir Plantation

Download or read book Timing and Duration of Release Treatments Affect Vegetation Development in a Young California White Fir Plantation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: