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Book Twenty Five Years of Managing Vegetation in Conifer Plantations in Northern and Central California Results Application Principles and Challenges

Download or read book Twenty Five Years of Managing Vegetation in Conifer Plantations in Northern and Central California Results Application Principles and Challenges written by Philip McDonald and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-10-17 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s, the outlook for conifer seedlings in new plantations in the Western United States was dismal-too many were dying or growing below the potential of the site. This situation was untenable, and a large study aimed at increasing the survival and growth of planted conifer seedlings was implemented. This was the National Administrative Study on Vegetation Management of which the California portion is reported here. This "study" was really a program on plantation release with 32 individual studies that resulted in more than 60 publications over a 25-year timeframe. The authors emphasized plant community development and biological influences to help explain why some direct release methods were effective and some were not. Survival and growth of several species of conifer seedlings were correlated to the density, foliar cover, and height of various combinations of over 235 species of hardwoods, shrubs, forbs, and graminoids after application of five principal release techniques (herbicides, manual release, mulches, grazing, and mechanical [large machines]). Herbicide use was the most effective treatment followed by manual release and mulches. Domestic grazing, as currently practiced, was not effective, and release with large machines was worthwhile only if followed by an herbicide. Genetic enhancement of conifer seedlings showed promise as a vegetation management tool at first, but lost its efficacy later. Indirect vegetation management by using shade and organic material to reduce the growth and density of competing vegetation has potential, but needs more study. Nineteen principles and 10 conclusions resulted from this research program, but more work in the form of 11 challenges is recommended.

Book Twenty Five Years of Managing Vegetation in Confier Plantations in Northern and Central California

Download or read book Twenty Five Years of Managing Vegetation in Confier Plantations in Northern and Central California written by McDonald and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-14 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inadequate reforestation and poor conifer seedling survival and growth led to a national research and application program on vegetation management in young conifer plantations. Findings from the California part of this program, and more specifically on plantation release, are presented here. Results are from 32 study sites throughout northern and central California and reported in more than 60 publications over a 25-year timeframe. The study sites represent a wide variety of site qualities, soils, slopes, aspects, and vegetation types. Most of the planted conifer seedlings were ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco var. menziesii).

Book Vegetation Management in Conifer Plantations

Download or read book Vegetation Management in Conifer Plantations written by David Bakke and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Forest Vegetation Management for Conifer Production

Download or read book Forest Vegetation Management for Conifer Production written by John Daniel Walstad and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1987 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representing the work of an interdisciplinary team of 20 specialists, this text consolidates, for the first time, the information available on forest vegetation management and integrates this practice with other silvicultural considerations. It provides a conceptual framework as well as a database for improving forest vegetation management decisions. In an accurate and complete mannner, it quantifies opportunities for enhancing forest productivity, illustrates the value of vegetation management treatments in protecting forest resources and investments, outlines the concept of economic thresholds, highlights progress in establishing such limits and consolidates the information on treatment efficacy, advantages and disadvantages and tradeoffs involved. Forest managers will find it useful to evaluate silvicultural prescriptions and investment decisions; forest planners and resource specialists can use it as a reference source for preparing environmental impact assessments; and regulatory officials can use it to train and upgrade the skills of professionals.

Book Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations

Download or read book Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planted ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) seedlings in young plantations in California are at a disadvantage compared with competing shrubs, forbs, and grasses. In many instances, roots of competing plants begin expanding and exploiting the soil earlier and in greater numbers, thereby capturing the majority of available resources and lowering pine survival and growth. Competition thresholds or "how much is too much?" are: for treatments where a cleared radius is prescribed, no weeds are acceptable within the space needed for maximum growth of pine seedlings during the establishment period; for treatments involving the entire area, crown cover values of 10 to 30 percent seem to be the level beyond which shrub competition significantly affects pine growth. Methods for preparing the site, which include mechanical and chemical methods, use of fire, and combinations of treatments, show the interaction of site and ensuing vegetation. Techniques for controlling competing vegetation from seed include preventing such plants from getting started by use of preemergent herbicides or mats (collars). To prevent sprouting, hardwood trees and large shrubs can be pushed over, thereby getting the root crown out of the ground, or if still in the soil, grinding it out with a machine. Once present, the effect of weeds from seed can be minimized by grubbing or spraying when young, by grazing plants with cattle or sheep, or by introducing plants of low competitive ability. Once sprouting weeds are present, their effect can be minimized by spraying with chemicals, or if palatable, by grazing with cattle or sheep. Costs range from as low as $10 per acre ($25/ha) for aerially applying herbicides to $711 per acre ($1757/ha) for grinding out tanoak stumps.

Book Twenty five Years of Managing Vegetation in Conifer Plantations in Northern and Central California

Download or read book Twenty five Years of Managing Vegetation in Conifer Plantations in Northern and Central California written by Philip M. McDonald (Research forester) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young California Red Fir Plantation

Download or read book Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young California Red Fir Plantation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Temporal Effect of Vegetation Management on Growth and Wood Quality of Conifers in a Western Oregon Plantation

Download or read book Temporal Effect of Vegetation Management on Growth and Wood Quality of Conifers in a Western Oregon Plantation written by Heidi S. Roe Goracke and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern over the increasing proportion of juvenile wood grown in second growth plantations has led to a large amount of research on the effects of common silvicultural practices on wood quality. Lacking is research on the effect of timing and duration of vegetation control on wood quality near the pith of young trees. This study was designed to quantify differences in specific gravity, ring width, percent latewood, biomass increment and eight-year diameter growth of Douglas-fir seedlings among different vegetation control regimes applied over the first five years of stand establishment. Largest year-eight volumes were observed in plots having five consecutive years of vegetation control, resulting in 239% more volume than control plots with no vegetation control. Mean specific gravity values ranged from 0.41 to 0.45 in rings 3, 4, and 5 from the pith and from 0.37 to 0.41 in rings 6, 7, and 8, with no significant treatment effect. Average ring width increased with increasing years of vegetation control for both ring segments, reaching consistent lengths of approximately 30 mm after three years of initial treatment. Percent latewood decreased with increasing years of vegetation control, ranging from 3.73% to11.13% in rings 3, 4, and 5. No significant treatment effect was observed for percent latewood in rings 6, 7, and 8, indicating consistent ring width production over time. Biomass increment was significantly affected by treatment, increasing by a maximum of 376% with increasing intensity of vegetation control. The lack of significant differences in specific gravity among treatments and the significant gains in volume and biomass from a greater intensity of vegetation control suggests a lack of adverse impacts on wood quality. Future silvicultural treatment and age at the time of harvest will likely have a more significant influence on the end-use quality of the wood.

Book Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation

Download or read book Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Gary O. Fiddler and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Early Growth Response of Conifer Plantations to Cleaning with Herbicides

Download or read book Early Growth Response of Conifer Plantations to Cleaning with Herbicides written by New Brunswick. Department of Forests, Mines and Energy and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Vegetation Trends in a 31 year old Ponderosa Pine Plantation

Download or read book Vegetation Trends in a 31 year old Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Forest Vegetation Management Without Herbicides

Download or read book Forest Vegetation Management Without Herbicides written by Timothy Brian Harrington and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: