Download or read book Valuation of Environment Related Health Risks for Children written by Alberini Anna and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report, the final output of the Valuation of Environment-Related Health Impacts (VERHI) project, presents new findings on whether the value of reducing environmental risk greater for children than for adults.
Download or read book Economic Valuation of Environmental Health Risks to Children written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-12 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This OECD book proposes an in depth analysis of the main methodological difficulties associated with estimating the social value of a reduction in environmental health risks to children.
Download or read book Valuing Reductions in Environmental Risks to Children s Health written by Shelby Gerking and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article reviews the economics literature dealing with valuation of reduced environmental risks to children's health. We describe conceptual models together with results from a number of empirical studies. The conceptual models analyze valuation issues from the perspective of parents; treat health risk as endogenously determined; and demonstrate that in equilibrium, marginal willingness to pay to reduce risk for the child relative to marginal willingness to pay to reduce risk for the parent should equal the ratio of marginal risk reduction costs. Empirical studies treat both mortality and morbidity associated with exposure to environmental health risks. These studies generally find that parents are willing to pay more for absolute risk reductions for their children than they are willing to pay for corresponding risk reductions for themselves. Possible reasons for this outcome along with suggestions for further research are discussed.
Download or read book Economic Valuation of Environmental Health Risks to Children written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by OECD. This book was released on 2006-02-03 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between environment and children’s health has been the subject of increasing interest these last ten years. For instance, many OECD Member countries are reporting asthma epidemics exacerbated by air pollution: in the United States nearly 1 in 13 school-age children (approximately 4.8 million) has asthma, and the rate is increasing more rapidly in school-age children than in any other group. The importance of this issue has resulted in a growing number of epidemiological studies aiming at better understanding and better characterising the relationship between environmental pollution and the health of children. However, in many respects, the valuation of children’s health strongly differs from the valuation of adults’ health and constitutes a real challenge for analysts as well as for decision-makers. Consequently, this book proposes an in depth analysis of the main methodological difficulties associated with estimating the social value of a reduction in risk to children. Questions such as how to elicit children’s preferences, what valuation methodology and benefit measure to choose, how to discount benefits to children’s health, and how to account for economic uncertainties in this specific context of economic valuation will be systematically examined in order to define key policy implications and to pave the way for further research.
Download or read book Valuation of Environment Related Health Risks for Children written by Alberini Anna and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-14 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report, the final output of the Valuation of Environment-Related Health Impacts (VERHI) project, presents new findings on whether the value of reducing environmental risk greater for children than for adults.
Download or read book Valuing Indirect Effects from Environmental Hazards on a Child s Life Chances written by Jason F. Shogren and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses indirect child welfare effects associated with environmental health. It considers the economic value of reducing the indirect risk to a childs life chances from environmental threats to (a) caregiver health, (b) sibling health or the childs health, and (c) the health of the surrounding natural environment and the consequent caregivers choices. Each of these effects can reduce the healthy childs chance to be productive, to complement the work of others, and to contribute to the common good. In addition, this paper considers what evidence exists in the current literature that might quantify these effects, and whether these effects may be important to policy makers both for child health-related regulations and for regulations involving adult health effects. Finally, this paper also considers whether these indirect effects can be linked to existing models to value childrens health effects.
Download or read book Household Decision Making and Valuation of Environmental Health Risks to Parents and Their Children written by Wiktor Adamowicz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper empirically discriminates between alternative household decision-making models for estimating parents' willingness to pay for health risk reductions for their children as well as for themselves. Models are tested using data pertaining to heart disease from a stated preference survey involving 432 matched pairs of parents married to one another. Analysis is based on a collective model of parental resource allocation that incorporates household production of perceived health risks and allows for differences in preferences and risk perceptions between parents. Results are consistent with Pareto efficiency within the household, which implies that (1) for a given proportionate reduction in health risk, parents are willing to pay the same amount of money at the margin to protect themselves and the child; and (2) parents' choices about proportionate health risk reductions for their children are based on household valuations, rather than their own individual valuations. Results also suggest that the marginal willingness to pay of mothers and fathers for health risk protection is sensitive to a shift in intra-household decision-making power between parents.
Download or read book Children and the Environment written by n F. Shogren and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children can face disproportionately greater risk from environmental hazards because they are kids-smaller bodies, faster metabolisms, shorter attentions spans, less knowledge, and fewer resources. Environmental programs that reduce risks to children produce benefits to society that should be adequately represented so policy makers have more information to help them decide which policies are most worthwhile relative to their costs. The open question is just how exactly to value these reductions in risks to children, risks which can arise either from a direct effect on their health, or an indirect effect on their life chances because of illness in other family members or the degradation of the environment. This article focuses on valuing these indirect effects to a child`s life chances. The question addressed here is whether standard benefits estimation adequately captures the indirect effects on healthy children. If policy makers presume caregivers make fully informed, rational choices when dealing with adverse family health, indirect effects are already accounted for in revealed and stated values: estimating indirect effects implies double counting of benefits. But if policy makers fear that caregivers face choice without complete information or experience, indirect effects might be understated. Then it becomes constructive to devote resources to explore the importance of these indirect effects.
Download or read book The Valuation of Environmental Health Risks to Children written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Valuing Health Risks Costs and Benefits for Environmental Decision Making written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On Techniques to Value the Impact of Environmental Hazards on Children s Health written by Mark D. Agee and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes alternative empirical techniques of economic analysis to assess the monetary value of human health, and outlines the issues that arise when these techniques are transported to value environmental hazard interventions intended to improve the health of young children. It examines four economic valuation techniques currently used to assess changes in human health (i.e., cost of illness method, hedonic method, averting behavior method, and contingent valuation method) and critiques the applicability of these techniques for assessing the value of children's health changes.
Download or read book Data Requirements for Valuation of Children s Health Effects and Alternatives to Valuation written by Kimberly M. Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Appropriate characterization and valuation of the health risks specific to children is important for effective environmental health risk management. This paper highlights the typical information provided by risk analysts about risks to children and the information needs of economic analysts. Particular emphasis is given to transparency in risk characterization (Browner, 1995) and the required assumptions to bridge the data and knowledge gaps. This paper also provides strategies intended to promote discussion and cooperation between risk and economic analysts, including a list of questions to ensure that key issues are discussed in advance of and during the risk assessment process. Finally, the paper provides an example of coordinated risk and economic analyses that characterized and valued risks and benefits for children.
Download or read book Children s Health the Nation s Wealth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-18 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has clearly improved over the past several decades. Significant and positive gains have been made in lowering rates of infant mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and accidental causes, improved access to health care, and reduction in the effects of environmental contaminants such as lead. Yet major questions still remain about how to assess the status of children's health, what factors should be monitored, and the appropriate measurement tools that should be used. Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health provides a detailed examination of the information about children's health that is needed to help policy makers and program providers at the federal, state, and local levels. In order to improve children's health-and, thus, the health of future generations-it is critical to have data that can be used to assess both current conditions and possible future threats to children's health. This compelling book describes what is known about the health of children and what is needed to expand the knowledge. By strategically improving the health of children, we ensure healthier future generations to come.
Download or read book Reducing Children s Environmental Health Risks written by Center for Health, Environment and Justice (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1997* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Existing Literature and Recommended Strategies for Valuation of Children s Health Effects written by James Neumann and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Health in International Perspective written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
Download or read book Estimating Mortality Risk Reduction and Economic Benefits from Controlling Ozone Air Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-07-21 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of recent evidence on the relationship of ozone to mortality and questions about its implications for benefit analysis, the Environmental Protection Agency asked the National Research Council to establish a committee of experts to evaluate independently the contributions of recent epidemiologic studies to understanding the size of the ozone-mortality effect in the context of benefit analysis. The committee was also asked to assess methods for estimating how much a reduction in short-term exposure to ozone would reduce premature deaths, to assess methods for estimating associated increases in life expectancy, and to assess methods for estimating the monetary value of the reduced risk of premature death and increased life expectancy in the context of health-benefits analysis. Estimating Mortality Risk Reduction and Economic Benefits from Controlling Ozone Air Pollution details the committee's findings and posits several recommendations to address these issues.
