Download or read book Valuation In A World Of Cva Dva And Fva A Tutorial On Debt Securities And Interest Rate Derivatives written by Donald J Smith and published by #N/A. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CVA, DVA, and FVA, which are the acronyms for credit, debit, and funding valuation adjustments, have become widely used by major banks since the financial crisis. This book aims to bridge the gap between the highly complex and mathematical models used by these banks to adjust the value of debt securities and interest rate derivatives, and the end users of the valuations, for example, accountants, auditors, and analysts. The book, which is essentially a tutorial, demonstrates the types of models that are used using binomial trees that are featured in the CFA® fixed income curriculum and allows readers to replicate the examples using a spreadsheet.
Download or read book Valuation in a World of Cva and Dva written by Donald Smith and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-08-12 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Credit risk models invariably are mathematical, and can be dauntingly so. Nevertheless, an understanding of the impact of credit risk on the valuation of debt securities and derivatives is essential to investment analysis and risk management. The financial crisis that started in 2007 exposed the importance of counterparty credit risk; nowadays, CVA and DVA-credit valuation and debit (or debt) valuation adjustments, respectively-are part of the vocabulary of risk analysis in the "post-Lehman" world. This tutorial introduces the key parameters that drive CVA and DVA (the expected exposure to default loss, the probability of default, and the recovery rate) and demonstrates the impact of changes in credit risk on values of various types of debt securities and interest rate derivatives in a simplified format using diagrams and tables, albeit with some mathematics.
Download or read book The XVA of Financial Derivatives CVA DVA and FVA Explained written by Dongsheng Lu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This latest addition to the Financial Engineering Explained series focuses on the new standards for derivatives valuation, namely, pricing and risk management taking into account counterparty risk, and the XVA's Credit, Funding and Debt value adjustments.
Download or read book Understanding CVA DVA and FVA written by Donald J. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial statements of major money-center commercial banks increasingly include reference to a credit valuation adjustment (CVA), debit (or debt) valuation adjustment (DVA), and funding valuation adjustment (FVA). This article explains the concepts behind CVA, DVA, and FVA using examples of interest rate swap valuation. A binomial forward rate tree model is used to get the value of the swap assuming no default. The CVA (the credit risk of the counterparty) and the DVA (the credit risk of the entity itself) depend on assumptions about the probability of default, the recovery rate and the expected exposure, which depends of projected values and settlement payments for the swap. The FVA arises when an uncollateralized swap is hedged with a collateralized or centrally cleared contract. In this version of the paper, two methods to calculate FVA are shown, both using the same assumptions about the credit risk parameters for the bank.
Download or read book Fixed Income Analysis written by CFA Institute and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 915 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential guide to fixed-income portfolio management, from experts working with CFA Institute Fixed Income Analysis, 5th Edition delivers an authoritative overview of how successful investment professionals manage fixed-income portfolios. Back with expanded content on the defining elements of fixed income securities, corporate debt, repurchase agreements, term structure models, and more, the 5th edition gives students and practitioners alike the tools to understand and apply effective fixed income portfolio management tactics. Revised and updated by a team of investment experts in collaboration with CFA Institute, this text introduces the fundamental topics of fixed income securities and markets while also providing in-depth coverage of fixed income security valuation. This new edition offers refreshed and expanded content on the analysis and construction of active yield curve and credit strategies for portfolio managers. Thanks to a wealth of real-world examples, Fixed Income Analysis remains an excellent resource for professionals looking to expand upon their current understanding of this important facet of portfolio management, as well as for students in the undergraduate or graduate classroom. Through this text, readers will: Understand the main features and characteristics of fixed income instruments Master the key return and risk measures of fixed income instruments Develop and evaluate key fixed income investment strategies based on top-down and bottom-up analysis The companion workbook (sold separately) includes problems and solutions aligning with the text and allows learners to test their comprehension of key concepts. CFA Institute is the world’s premier association for investment professionals, and the governing body for the CFA® Program, CIPM® Program, CFA Institute ESG Investing Certificate, and Investment Foundations® Program. Investment analysts, portfolio managers, individual and institutional investors and their advisors, and any reader with an interest in fixed income markets will value this accessible and informative guide.
Download or read book Fixed Income Analysis written by Barbara S. Petitt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 943 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CFA Institute's essential guide to fixed-income portfolio management, revised and updated Now in its fourth edition, Fixed Income Analysis offers authoritative and up-to-date coverage of how successful investment professionals analyze and manage fixed-income portfolios. With contributions from a team of financial experts, the text is filled with detailed information from CFA Institute and contains a comprehensive review of the essential topics in the field. Fixed Income Analysis introduces the fundamental concepts of fixed-income securities and markets and provides in-depth coverage of fixed-income security valuation and portfolio management. The book contains a general framework for valuation that is designed to be accessible to both professionals and those new to the field. The fourth edition provides updated coverage of fixed-income portfolio management including detailed coverage of liability-driven and index-based strategies, the major types of yield curve strategies, and approaches to implementing active credit strategies. The authors include examples that help build the knowledge and skills needed to effectively manage fixed-income portfolios. Fixed Income Analysis gives a real-world understanding of how the concepts discussed are practically applied in client-based scenarios. Investment analysts, portfolio managers, individual and institutional investors and their advisors, and anyone with an interest in fixed-income markets will appreciate this accessible guide to fixed-income analysis.
Download or read book Innovations in Derivatives Markets written by Kathrin Glau and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-02 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents 20 peer-reviewed chapters on current aspects of derivatives markets and derivative pricing. The contributions, written by leading researchers in the field as well as experienced authors from the financial industry, present the state of the art in: • Modeling counterparty credit risk: credit valuation adjustment, debit valuation adjustment, funding valuation adjustment, and wrong way risk. • Pricing and hedging in fixed-income markets and multi-curve interest-rate modeling. • Recent developments concerning contingent convertible bonds, the measuring of basis spreads, and the modeling of implied correlations. The recent financial crisis has cast tremendous doubts on the classical view on derivative pricing. Now, counterparty credit risk and liquidity issues are integral aspects of a prudent valuation procedure and the reference interest rates are represented by a multitude of curves according to their different periods and maturities. A panel discussion included in the book (featuring Damiano Brigo, Christian Fries, John Hull, and Daniel Sommer) on the foundations of modeling and pricing in the presence of counterparty credit risk provides intriguing insights on the debate.
Download or read book CFA Program Curriculum 2020 Level II Volumes 1 6 Box Set written by CFA Institute and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-08-12 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master the practical aspects of the CFA Program curriculum with expert instruction for the 2020 exam The same official curricula that CFA Program candidates receive with program registration is now publicly available for purchase. CFA Program Curriculum 2020 Level II, Volumes 1-6 provides the complete Level II curriculum for the 2020 exam, with practical instruction on the Candidate Body of Knowledge (CBOK) and how it is applied, including expert guidance on incorporating concepts into practice. Level II focuses on complex analysis with an emphasis on asset valuation, and is designed to help you use investment concepts appropriately in situations analysts commonly face. Coverage includes ethical and professional standards, quantitative analysis, economics, financial reporting and analysis, corporate finance, equities, fixed income, derivatives, alternative investments, and portfolio management organized into individual study sessions with clearly defined Learning Outcome Statements. Charts, graphs, figures, diagrams, and financial statements illustrate complex concepts to facilitate retention, and practice questions with answers allow you to gauge your understanding while reinforcing important concepts. While Level I introduced you to basic foundational investment skills, Level II requires more complex techniques and a strong grasp of valuation methods. This set dives deep into practical application, explaining complex topics to help you understand and retain critical concepts and processes. Incorporate analysis skills into case evaluations Master complex calculations and quantitative techniques Understand the international standards used for valuation and analysis Gauge your skills and understanding against each Learning Outcome Statement CFA Institute promotes the highest standards of ethics, education, and professional excellence among investment professionals. The CFA Program curriculum guides you through the breadth of knowledge required to uphold these standards. The three levels of the program build on each other. Level I provides foundational knowledge and teaches the use of investment tools; Level II focuses on application of concepts and analysis, particularly in the valuation of assets; and Level III builds toward synthesis across topics with an emphasis on portfolio management.
Download or read book XVA written by Andrew Green and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-10-08 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thorough, accessible coverage of the key issues in XVA XVA – Credit, Funding and Capital Valuation Adjustments provides specialists and non-specialists alike with an up-to-date and comprehensive treatment of Credit, Debit, Funding, Capital and Margin Valuation Adjustment (CVA, DVA, FVA, KVA and MVA), including modelling frameworks as well as broader IT engineering challenges. Written by an industry expert, this book navigates you through the complexities of XVA, discussing in detail the very latest developments in valuation adjustments including the impact of regulatory capital and margin requirements arising from CCPs and bilateral initial margin. The book presents a unified approach to modelling valuation adjustments including credit risk, funding and regulatory effects. The practical implementation of XVA models using Monte Carlo techniques is also central to the book. You'll also find thorough coverage of how XVA sensitivities can be accurately measured, the technological challenges presented by XVA, the use of grid computing on CPU and GPU platforms, the management of data, and how the regulatory framework introduced under Basel III presents massive implications for the finance industry. Explores how XVA models have developed in the aftermath of the credit crisis The only text to focus on the XVA adjustments rather than the broader topic of counterparty risk. Covers regulatory change since the credit crisis including Basel III and the impact regulation has had on the pricing of derivatives. Covers the very latest valuation adjustments, KVA and MVA. The author is a regular speaker and trainer at industry events, including WBS training, Marcus Evans, ICBI, Infoline and RISK If you're a quantitative analyst, trader, banking manager, risk manager, finance and audit professional, academic or student looking to expand your knowledge of XVA, this book has you covered.
Download or read book CVA and FVA to Derivatives Trades Collateralized by Cash written by Lixin Wu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this article, we consider replication pricing of derivatives that are partially collateralized by cash. We let the issuer replicate the derivatives payout using shares and cash, and let the buyer replicate the the loss given the counterparty default using credit default swaps. The costs of funding for replication and collateral posting are accounted for in the pricing process. A partial differential equation (PDE) for the derivatives price is established, and its solution is provided in a Feynman-Kac formula, which decomposes the derivatives value into the risk-free value of the derivative plus credit valuation adjustment (CVA) and funding valuation adjustment (FVA). For most derivatives, we show that CVAs can be evaluated analytically or semi-analytically, while FVAs as well as the derivatives values can be solved recursively through numerical procedures due to their interdependence. In numerical demonstrations, continuous and discrete margin revisions are considered, respectively, for an equity call option and a vanilla interest-rate swap.
Download or read book Recovering from Derivatives Funding written by Johan Gunnesson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inclusion of DVA in the fair-value of derivative transactions has now become standard accounting practice in most parts of the world. Furthermore, some sophisticated banks are including an FVA (Funding Valuation Adjustment), but since DVA can be interpreted as a funding benefit the oft-debated issue regarding a possible double-counting of funding benefits arises, with little consensus as to its resolution. One possibility is to price the derivative by replication, by constructing a portfolio that completely hedges all risks present in the instrument, guaranteeing a consistent inclusion of costs and benefits. However, as has recently been noted, DVA is (at least partially) unhedgeable, having no exact market hedge. Furthermore, current frameworks shed little light on the controversial question, raised by Hull (2012), of whether the effect a derivative has on the riskiness of an institution's debt should be taken into account when calculating FVA.In this paper we propose a solution to these two problems by identifying an instrument, a fictitious CDS written on the hedging counterparty which, although not available in the market for active hedging, is implicitly contained in any given derivatives transaction. This allows us to show that the hedger's unhedged jump-to-default risk has, despite not being actively managed, a well defined value associated to a funding benefit. Carrying out the replication including such a CDS, we obtain a price for the derivative consisting of its collateralized equivalent, a CVA contingent on the survival of the hedger, a contingent DVA, and an FVA, coupled to the price via the hedger's short-term bond-CDS basis. The resulting funding cost is non-zero, but substantially smaller than what is obtained in alternative approaches due to the effect the derivative has on the recovery of the hedger's liabilities. Also, price agreement is possible for two sophisticated counterparties entering a deal if their bond-CDS bases obey a certain relationship, similar to what was first obtained by Morini and Prampolini (2010).
Download or read book Bond Math written by Donald J. Smith and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-05 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the theory behind bond math formulas Bond Math explores the ideas and assumptions behind commonly used statistics on risk and return for individual bonds and on fixed income portfolios. But this book is much more than a series of formulas and calculations; the emphasis is on how to think about and use bond math. Author Donald J. Smith, a professor at Boston University and an experienced executive trainer, covers in detail money market rates, periodicity conversions, bond yields to maturity and horizon yields, the implied probability of default, after-tax rates of return, implied forward and spot rates, and duration and convexity. These calculations are used on traditional fixed-rate and zero-coupon bonds, as well as floating-rate notes, inflation-indexed securities, and interest rate swaps. Puts bond math in perspective through discussions of bond portfolios and investment strategies. Critiques the Bloomberg Yield Analysis (YA) page, indicating which numbers provide reliable information for making decisions about bonds, which are meaningless data, and which can be very misleading to investors Filled with thought-provoking insights and practical advice, this book puts the intricacies of bond math into a clear and logical order.
Download or read book Handbook of Financial Risk Management written by Thierry Roncalli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 987 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developed over 20 years of teaching academic courses, the Handbook of Financial Risk Management can be divided into two main parts: risk management in the financial sector; and a discussion of the mathematical and statistical tools used in risk management. This comprehensive text offers readers the chance to develop a sound understanding of financial products and the mathematical models that drive them, exploring in detail where the risks are and how to manage them. Key Features: Written by an author with both theoretical and applied experience Ideal resource for students pursuing a master’s degree in finance who want to learn risk management Comprehensive coverage of the key topics in financial risk management Contains 114 exercises, with solutions provided online at www.crcpress.com/9781138501874
Download or read book Advances in Credit Risk Modeling and Management written by Frédéric Vrins and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Credit risk remains one of the major risks faced by most financial and credit institutions. It is deeply connected to the real economy due to the systemic nature of some banks, but also because well-managed lending facilities are key for wealth creation and technological innovation. This book is a collection of innovative papers in the field of credit risk management. Besides the probability of default (PD), the major driver of credit risk is the loss given default (LGD). In spite of its central importance, LGD modeling remains largely unexplored in the academic literature. This book proposes three contributions in the field. Ye & Bellotti exploit a large private dataset featuring non-performing loans to design a beta mixture model. Their model can be used to improve recovery rate forecasts and, therefore, to enhance capital requirement mechanisms. François uses instead the price of defaultable instruments to infer the determinants of market-implied recovery rates and finds that macroeconomic and long-term issuer specific factors are the main determinants of market-implied LGDs. Cheng & Cirillo address the problem of modeling the dependency between PD and LGD using an original, urn-based statistical model. Fadina & Schmidt propose an improvement of intensity-based default models by accounting for ambiguity around both the intensity process and the recovery rate. Another topic deserving more attention is trade credit, which consists of the supplier providing credit facilities to his customers. Whereas this is likely to stimulate exchanges in general, it also magnifies credit risk. This is a difficult problem that remains largely unexplored. Kanapickiene & Spicas propose a simple but yet practical model to assess trade credit risk associated with SMEs and microenterprises operating in Lithuania. Another topical area in credit risk is counterparty risk and all other adjustments (such as liquidity and capital adjustments), known as XVA. Chataignier & Crépey propose a genetic algorithm to compress CVA and to obtain affordable incremental figures. Anagnostou & Kandhai introduce a hidden Markov model to simulate exchange rate scenarios for counterparty risk. Eventually, Boursicot et al. analyzes CoCo bonds, and find that they reduce the total cost of debt, which is positive for shareholders. In a nutshell, all the featured papers contribute to shedding light on various aspects of credit risk management that have, so far, largely remained unexplored.
Download or read book Counterparty Credit Risk Collateral and Funding written by Damiano Brigo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book’s content is focused on rigorous and advanced quantitative methods for the pricing and hedging of counterparty credit and funding risk. The new general theory that is required for this methodology is developed from scratch, leading to a consistent and comprehensive framework for counterparty credit and funding risk, inclusive of collateral, netting rules, possible debit valuation adjustments, re-hypothecation and closeout rules. The book however also looks at quite practical problems, linking particular models to particular ‘concrete’ financial situations across asset classes, including interest rates, FX, commodities, equity, credit itself, and the emerging asset class of longevity. The authors also aim to help quantitative analysts, traders, and anyone else needing to frame and price counterparty credit and funding risk, to develop a ‘feel’ for applying sophisticated mathematics and stochastic calculus to solve practical problems. The main models are illustrated from theoretical formulation to final implementation with calibration to market data, always keeping in mind the concrete questions being dealt with. The authors stress that each model is suited to different situations and products, pointing out that there does not exist a single model which is uniformly better than all the others, although the problems originated by counterparty credit and funding risk point in the direction of global valuation. Finally, proposals for restructuring counterparty credit risk, ranging from contingent credit default swaps to margin lending, are considered.
Download or read book Modern Derivatives Pricing and Credit Exposure Analysis written by Roland Lichters and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-15 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive guide for modern derivatives pricing and credit analysis. Written to provide sound theoretical detail but practical implication, it provides readers with everything they need to know to price modern financial derivatives and analyze the credit exposure of a financial instrument in today's markets.
Download or read book Hybrid Securities written by Kamil Liberadzki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid capital securities or 'hybrids' offer various benefits. They offer flexibility equity without shareholder dilution, provide protection to senior creditors, are a stable source of long-term funding for healthy companies, and help insurers and banks meet regulatory and rating agency capital requirements. Risks and features of hybrid securities are expressed in the credit spread of some relatively new financial instruments, but no structural fundamentals exist for to price hybrids precisely. This book proposes a model for the pricing of hybrids. It begins by explaining the concept of hybrids as well as their equity- and debt-like characteristics. Different types of hybrids are presented, including preference shares, convertible bonds, contingent convertibles (CoCos) and bail-in bonds. The authors then present analysis of regulatory regimes' impact on hybrids. They discuss the types of hybrid bonds that are contemplated in the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) and Banking Union mechanism. They then present an in-depth examination of hybrids pricing and risk assessment techniques. The book provides a comprehensive analysis from mathematical, legal and financial perspectives in order to look at relatively new financial instruments and address problems with the pricing models of hybrids which are as yet unsolved.