Download or read book Valorisation catalytique du biogaz CH4 CO2 par reformage sec written by Maryam Safariamin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dans cette étude, la réaction de reformage du méthane par le CO2 a été étudiée en présence de catalyseurs à base de ruthénium et cuivre déposés sur Al2O3, CeO2 et oxydes binaires CeO2-Al2O3 ainsi que oxyde mixtes issus de précurseurs hydrotalcites. Le but de ce travail est la réduction des gaz à effet de serre (CH4 + CO2) afin d’obtenir le gaz de synthèse (H2 + CO) qui sera utilisé pour différentes applications dont l’énergie propre. Les catalyseurs ont été préparés par imprégnation à sec et caractérisés par différentes méthodes physico-chimique (BET, DRX, IR-FT, UV-Visible, TPR, ATD/TG et RPE) afin de dégager des corrélations entre leurs propriétés physico-chimique et leurs performances catalytiques. Les influences sur l’activité catalytique des différentes conditions et du prétraitement des solides ont été étudiées. La production d'hydrogène est fortement influencée par la nature de la phase métallique et des supports utilisés. Il est remarquable que les deux types de catalyseurs (Ru et Cu/support) n’ont pas des activités similaires pour la réaction étudiée. Les catalyseurs à base de ruthénium sont beaucoup plus actifs que ceux à base de cuivre. Les hydrotalcites se sont montrés performant pour la réaction de reformage, mais ils produisent une grande quantité du coke qui désactive facilement le catalyseur. Parmi tous les catalyseurs étudiés, le solide contenant 5% de RuO2 sur le support d’oxydes binaires CeO2-Al2O3 s'est avéré le plus actif et le plus stable. L’importante réactivité de ce catalyseur est associée d’une part à la bonne dispersion des espèces de ruthénium métallique et d’autre part à la très faible quantité de coke observé sur le catalyseur après 14 jours de vieillissement.

Download or read book Reformage sec du m thane l aide de catalyseurs base de molybd ne written by Marine Gaillard and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dans le contexte énergétique actuel, de nouvelles filières de production d'énergies renouvelables sont encouragées. En Europe, la méthanisation est une alternative très utilisée car elle produit du biogaz composé de CH4 et de CO2. Le reformage de ce biogaz pourrait conduire à la consommation des deux plus importants gaz à effet de serre, pour la production de syngaz (H2, CO) utilisé en synthèse Fischer-Tropsch, et édifiant une technologie waste-to-liquids. Un des principaux verrous de cette réaction est la présence de soufre comme impureté dans le biogaz, qui empoisonnent les catalyseurs utilisés.Ainsi, une série de catalyseurs à base de molybdène a été synthétisée et testée en reformage à sec du méthane. L'influence de plusieurs paramètres a été testée, tels que (i) la charge en molybdène (ii) l'influence de promoteurs (Ni, Co, CeO2, MgO) ou (iii) l'utilisation de différents supports (Al2O3, ZrO2, Carbone, SiO2, MgO). Les catalyseurs ont été analysés au moyen de différentes caractérisations physico-chimiques afin de mettre en évidence des relations structure/activité, d'identifier les causes de désactivation possibles et de conclure sur la formulation la plus stable en présence d'H2S lors des tests catalytiques.

Download or read book Recent Advances in Renewable Energy Technologies written by Mejdi Jeguirim and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Advances in Renewable Energy Technologies is a comprehensive reference covering critical research, laboratory and industry developments on renewable energy technological, production, conversion, storage, and management, including solar energy systems (thermal and photovoltaic), wind energy, hydropower, geothermal energy, bioenergy and hydrogen production, and large-scale development of renewable energy technologies and their impact on the global economy and power capacity. Technological advancements include resources assessment and deployment, materials performance improvement, system optimization and sizing, instrumentation and control, modeling and simulation, regulations, and policies.Each modular chapter examines recent advances in specific renewable energy systems, providing theoretical and applied aspects of system optimization, control and management and supports them with global case studies demonstrating practical applications and economical and environmental aspects through life cycle analysis. The book is of interest to engineering graduates, researchers, professors and industry professionals involved in the renewable energy sector and advanced engineering courses dealing with renewable energy, sources, thermal and electrical energy production and sustainability. - Focuses on the progress and research trends in solar, wind, biomass, and hydropower and geothermal energy production and conversion - Includes advanced techniques for the distribution, management, optimization, and storage of heat and energy using case studies

Download or read book Valorisation du m thane en hydrog ne par reformage catalytique written by Abdelmajid Rakib and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ce travail a porté sur la conversion du méthane en hydrogène par les procédés de vaporeformage et reformage à sec, utilisant de nouvelles formulations de catalyseurs afins d'augmenter la sélectivité en produit désiré (H2), de réduire la production du monoxyde de carbone (CO) et défavoriser la formation de coke. Deux familles de catalyseurs, à base de nickel et de ruthénium supportés par la cérine et/ou l'alumine, ont été évaluées dans ces réactions. Il a été montré que les catalyseurs à base de ruthénium supportés par l'alumine présente une bonne activité catalytique et une très bonne résistance au dépôt de coke dans les réactions de reformage du méthane. La cérine joue un rôle déterminant dans les catalyseurs à base de nickel en favorisant la dispersion de la phase active et évitant la formation des agglomérats. Parallèlement, une inhibition de la formation de coke est observée grâce aux propriétés redox du solide. Les travaux ont porté également sur l'amélioration de la formulation des catalyseurs monométalliques, et un catalyseur bimétallique (Ru-Ni/CeO2-Al2O3) actif, sélectif et stable pour la production d'hydrogène à partir du méthane a été mis au point. L'ajout d'un deuxième métal en faible teneur (0,5%) aide à maintenir le Ni sous sa forme actif empêchant la formation de coke sur la surface du catalyseur. Pour les deux réactions étudiées, les excellentes performances obtenues proviennent essentiellement de l'ajustement des paramètres de réaction et les paramètres de préparation des catalyseurs, ce qui ouvre de réelles perspectives d'application industrielle.

Download or read book Reformage autotherme de biogaz mod le sur des catalyseurs au nickel written by Mathilde Luneau and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'hydrogène pourrait jouer un rôle prépondérant dans le domaine de l'énergie dans les années à venir. De nos jours, la production d'hydrogène provient majoritairement de ressources fossiles. En vue de l'impact néfaste de l'utilisation de ressources fossiles sur l'environnement, produire de l'hydrogène à partir de ressources renouvelables présente un grand intérêt. Dans cette étude, le reformage autotherme du biogaz, une source renouvelable de méthane, a été étudié sur des catalyseurs au nickel à 700°C et à pression atmosphérique. Cette étude porte sur un biogaz modèle composé à 60% de méthane et 40% de dioxyde de carbone mis en présence d'oxygène et de vapeur d'eau dans les proportions : 42% H2O, 14% CH4, 9% CO2, 7% O2 dilués dans l'argon. Dans un premier temps, un criblage de catalyseurs au nickel a été réalisé grâce à un montage composé de 6 réacteurs parallèles. L'outil a permis de montrer qu'un catalyseur bimétallique NiRh supporté sur un spinelle de magnésium était actif et très stable, montrant une conversion totale du méthane après 200h de réaction. L'équivalent de ce catalyseur sans Rh s'est désactivé après seulement 2h de réaction. Notre étude a démontré que cette désactivation était causée par la formation du spinelle de nickel, NiAl2O4. Cette formation est une conséquence des hautes températures présentes dans la zone de combustion qui induisent un désordre dans la structure cristalline du support et permettent, en présence de NiO, la diffusion de ions Ni2+ dans les lacunes du support. Enfin, une étude cinétique a été menée sur des catalyseurs structurés. Un modèle cinétique a été développé, permettant également de décrire le profil de désactivation causée par la perte de sites actifs.

Download or read book Valorisation nerg tique de CO2 via la m thanation par voie catalytique written by Nathalie Elia and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cette étude concerne la valorisation du dioxyde de carbone par le procédé de méthanation. Elle vise à mettre au point des catalyseurs efficaces pour cette réaction. L'espèce active est le nickel métallique. Différents supports ont été étudiés tels que SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, Y2O3 et CeO2. Ces catalyseurs ont été préparés par la méthode d'imprégnation à sec. Dans un premier temps, les différents catalyseurs ont été caractérisés par différentes techniques physico-chimiques dont la Diffraction des Rayons X (DRX), la Réduction en Température Programmée (RTP-H2), la Désorption en Température Programmée (DTP-CO2), l'Adsorption d'Azote (méthode BET) et la Chimisorption d'Hydrogène. Dans un deuxième temps, les différents catalyseurs ainsi préparés ont été testés dans la réaction de méthanation du CO2. Le catalyseur Ni/CeO2 présente les meilleures performances catalytiques, parmi les systèmes étudiés. L'ajout du ruthénium améliore l'activité catalytique et la stabilité des catalyseurs. Le catalyseur Ru(0,5%)-Ni(5%)/CeO2 est le plus performant, il présente une bonne activité catalytique et une bonne stabilité même pour une pression de 10 bar. Ceci le rend plus avantageux pour une application industrielle.

Download or read book Hydrogen and Syngas Production and Purification Technologies written by Ke Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the timely topic of fuel cells and hydrogen-based energy from its fundamentals to practical applications Serves as a resource for practicing researchers and as a text in graduate-level programs Tackles crucial aspects in light of the new directions in the energy industry, in particular how to integrate fuel processing into contemporary systems like nuclear and gas power plants Includes homework-style problems

Download or read book Biogas composition and upgrading to biomethane written by Saija Rasi and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Process Integration PI written by Jiří Jaromír Klemeš and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 1201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its first development in the 1970s, Process Integration (PI) has become an important methodology in achieving more energy efficient processes. This pioneering handbook brings together the leading scientists and researchers currently contributing to PI development, pooling their expertise and specialist knowledge to provide readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to the latest PI research and applications. After an introduction to the principles of PI, the book reviews a wide range of process design and integration topics ranging from heat and utility systems to water, recycling, waste and hydrogen systems. The book considers Heat Integration, Mass Integration and Extended PI as well as a series of applications and case studies. Chapters address not just operating and capital costs but also equipment design and operability issues, through to buildings and supply chains. With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Handbook of Process Integration (PI) is a standard reference work for managers and researchers in all energy-intensive industries, as well as academics with an interest in them, including those designing and managing oil refineries, petrochemical and power plants, as well as paper/pulp, steel, waste, food and drink processors. This pioneering handbook provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to the latest process integration research and applications Reviews a wide range of process design and integration topics ranging from heat and utility systems to water, recycling, waste and hydrogen systems Chapters also address equipment design and operability issues, through to buildings and supply chains

Download or read book Advances in Solid and Hazardous Waste Management written by Sudha Goel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Fuels written by Farshad Darvishi Harzevili and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 843 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book will highlight major trends and developments in the field of microbial fuels, with contributions from a number of highly experienced researchers. It will serve as a comprehensive reference for industrial stakeholders, scientists, researchers and graduate students interested in microbial fuels. The aims of this work are to present the technologies and perspectives taking into account different socio-economical contexts. A specific chapter will focus on the general perspectives of microbial fuels for low-income and emerging countries.

Download or read book Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress written by Frederick A. Villamena and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-06 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sets the stage for the development of better diagnostic techniques and therapeutics Featuring contributions from an international team of leading clinicians and biomedical researchers, Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress reviews the molecular and chemical bases of oxidative stress, describing how oxidative stress can lead to the development of cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it explains the potential role of free radicals in both the diagnosis and the development of therapeutics to treat disease. Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress is logically organized, beginning with a comprehensive discussion of the fundamental chemistry of reactive species. Next, the book: Presents new mechanistic insights into how oxidative damage of biomolecules occurs Examines how these oxidative events effect cellular metabolism Investigates the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, and cystic fibrosis Explores opportunities to improve the diagnosis of disease and the design of new therapeutic agents Readers will find much novel information, including new radical chemistries and the latest discoveries of how free radicals react with biomolecules. The contributors also present recent findings that help us better understand the initiation of oxidative stress and the mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Throughout the book, the use of molecular structures helps readers better understand redox chemistry. In addition, plenty of detailed figures illustrate the mechanisms of oxidative stress and disease pathogenesis. Examining everything from the basic chemistry of oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of disease, Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress will help readers continue to explore the nature of oxidative stress and then use that knowledge to develop new approaches to prevent, detect, and treat a broad range of disease conditions.

Download or read book Sustainability in the Process Industry Integration and Optimization written by Jiri Klemes and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2010-09-22 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improve the energy efficiency of process industry practices Sustainability in the Process Industry explains process integration and optimization and discusses applications for improving the energy and water efficiency of industrial as well as nonindustrial energy users. Approaches for adapting these methodologies to include the integration of waste and renewable energy sources are covered. This authoritative text contains eight industrial-based case studies and nine testing examples with developed solutions. Details on software tools are also included in this practical guide. Optimization goals and application areas within sustainable industrial process design and integration Formulating sustainable tasks as optimization problems Improving energy efficiency through process integration Heat exchange and heat recovery Water/mass integration Minimizing water use and efficient generation New, relevant process integration research results Process optimization frameworks, including mathematical programming and P-graph and S-graph frameworks Applications of process integration, modeling, and optimization software tools

Download or read book Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy written by D. Yogi Goswami and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-05-07 with total page 1568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brought to you by the creator of numerous bestselling handbooks, the Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy provides a thorough grounding in the analytic techniques and technological developments that underpin renewable energy use and environmental protection. The handbook emphasizes the engineering aspects of energy conservation and renewable energy. Taking a world view, the editors discuss key topics underpinning energy efficiency and renewable energy systems. They provide content at the forefront of the contemporary debate about energy and environmental futures. This is vital information for planning a secure energy future. Practical in approach, the book covers technologies currently available or expected to be ready for implementation in the near future. It sets the stage with a survey of current and future world-wide energy issues, then explores energy policies and incentives for conservation and renewable energy, covers economic assessment methods for conservation and generation technologies, and discusses the environmental costs of various energy generation technologies. The book goes on to examine distributed generation and demand side management procedures and gives a perspective on the efficiencies, economics, and environmental costs of fossil and nuclear technologies. Highlighting energy conservation as the cornerstone of a successful national energy strategy, the book covers energy management strategies for industry and buildings, HVAC controls, co-generation, and advances in specific technologies such as motors, lighting, appliances, and heat pumps. It explores energy storage and generation from renewable sources and underlines the role of infrastructure security and risk analysis in planning future energy transmission and storage systems. These features and more make the Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy the tool for designing the energy sources of the future.

Download or read book Pollution Control for Agriculture written by Loehr and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollution Control for Agriculture, Second Edition describes approaches adaptable to the treatment, disposal, and management of agricultural wastes, incorporating full-scale technologies, concepts, data, and operating systems. The book also discusses energy conservation, natural resource utilization, and nonpoint source control. Examples of problems attributable to agriculture include unbalanced natural ecological systems and increased eutrophication from waste disposal practices. Other problems include the depletion of dissolved oxygen in surface water, and impurities in groundwater from improper waste disposals on land. The text notes that understanding the characteristics of these wastes leads to more effective disposal methods and treatment. For example, biological treatment is preferred for liquid waste that contain dissolved organic solids, while incineration or composting is appropriate for solid waste with a high organic content. The book also lists the options that can be chosen to control agricultural nonpoint sources, the best of which is by planning and management practices that regulate the source and delivery of nonpoint pollutants, These practices will limit nonpoint pollutants from reaching their destinations (surface water or groundwater). The text also emphasizes the need for a balance between the extremes of agricultural production, profit motives, and environmental concerns. The book is suitable for agriculturists, economists, environmentalists, ecologists, and policy makers involved in food production, environmental safety, and health issues.

Download or read book Data Reconciliation and Gross Error Detection written by Shankar Narasimhan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-29 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic and comprehensive treatment of the variety of methods available for applying data reconciliation techniques. Data filtering, data compression and the impact of measurement selection on data reconciliation are also exhaustively explained.Data errors can cause big problems in any process plant or refinery. Process measurements can be correupted by power supply flucutations, network transmission and signla conversion noise, analog input filtering, changes in ambient conditions, instrument malfunctioning, miscalibration, and the wear and corrosion of sensors, among other factors. Here's a book that helps you detect, analyze, solve, and avoid the data acquisition problems that can rob plants of peak performance. This indispensable volume provides crucial insights into data reconciliation and gorss error detection techniques that are essential fro optimal process control and information systems. This book is an invaluable tool for engineers and managers faced with the selection and implementation of data reconciliation software, or for those developing such software. For industrial personnel and students, Data Reconciliation and Gross Error Detection is the ultimate reference.

Download or read book Diffusion of Heat from a Line Source in Isotropic Turbulence written by Mahinder S. Uberoi and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental and analytical study has been made of some features of the turbulent heat diffusion behind a line heated wire stretched perpendicular to a flowing isotropic turbulence. The mean temperature distributions have been measured with systematic variations in wind speed, size of turbulence producing grid, and downstream location of heat source. The nature of the temperature fluctuation field has been studied. A comparison of Lagrangian and Eulerian analyses for diffusion in a nondecaying turbulence yields an expression for turbulent-heat-transfer coefficient in terms of turbulence velocity and a Lagrangian "scale." A convenient form has been deduced for the criterion of interchangeability of instantaneous space and time derivations in a flowing turbulence.