EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

Book Handbook of International Feminisms

Download or read book Handbook of International Feminisms written by Alexandra Rutherford and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-23 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of Handbook of International Perspectives on Feminism is to present the histories, status, and contours of feminist research and practice in their respective regional and/or national contexts. The editors have invited researchers who are doing this work to present their perspectives on women, culture, and rights with the objective to illuminate the diverse forms that feminist psychological work takes around the world, and connect these forms with the unique positions and concerns of women in these regions. What does "feminist psychology" look like in Japan? In South Africa? In Sri Lanka? In Canada? In Brazil? How did it come to look this way? How do psychologists in these countries or regions, each with unique political, economic, and cultural histories, engage in feminist work in the societies in which they live? How do they employ the tools of "psychology" – broadly defined – to do this work, and what tensions and challenges have they faced?

Book The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2019

Download or read book The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2019 written by Giuliana Ziccardi Capaldo and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-10 with total page 913 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Community Yearbook is a one-stop resource for all researchers studying international law generally or international tribunals specifically. The Yearbook has established itself as an authoritative source of reference on global legal issues and international jurisprudence. It includes analysis of the most significant global trends in a way that allows readers to monitor the development of the global legal order from several perspectives. The Global Community Yearbook publishes annually in a volume of carefully chosen primary source material and corresponding expert commentary. The general editor, Professor Giuliana Ziccardi Capaldo, employs her vast expertise in international law to select excerpts from important court opinions and to choose experts from around the world to contribute essay-guides, which illuminate those cases. Although the main focus is recent case law from the major international tribunals and regional courts, the first four parts of each year's edition features expert articles by renowned scholars who address broader themes in current and future developments in international law and global policy, themes that appear throughout the case law of the many courts covered by the series as a whole. The Global Community Yearbook has thus become not just an indispensable window to recent jurisprudence: the series now also serves to prepare researchers for the issues facing emerging global law. The 2019 edition both updates readers on the important work of long-standing international tribunals and introduces readers to more novel topics in international law. The Yearbook continues to provide expert coverage of the Court of Justice of the European Union and diverse tribunals from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to criminal tribunals such as the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (MICT), to economically based tribunals such as ICSID and the WTO Dispute Resolution panel. This edition contains original research articles on the development and analysis of the concept of global law and the views of the global law theorists such as: a judicial knowledge sharing process as a tool for courts working together in a universal constitutional structure; the role of human rights treaty monitoring bodies in the international legal order; and an examination of the consequences of the UN compact for the safe, orderly and regular migration on international law. The Yearbook provides students, scholars, and practitioners alike a valuable combination of expert discussion and direct quotes from the court opinions to which that discussion relates, as well as an annual overview of the process of cross-fertilization between international courts and tribunals. The Yearbook provides students, scholars, and practitioners alike a valuable combination of expert discussion and direct quotes from the court opinions to which that discussion relates, as well as an annual overview of the process of cross-fertilization between international courts and tribunals and a section focusing on the thought of leading international law scholars on the subject of the globalization. This publication can also be purchased on a standing order basis.

Book Analysing Everyday Explanation

Download or read book Analysing Everyday Explanation written by Charles Antaki and published by Sage Publications (CA). This book was released on 1988 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explanations are given and received in all areas of social life: in the home, at school, at work and in the courtroom. They are exchanged between friends and argued over by enemies. The analysis of these ordinary everyday explanations is regarded as a notoriously difficult area of study by social scientists. This book offers, for the first time, a clear and comprehensive guide to the most fruitful and interesting techniques for collecting, analysing and interpreting everyday explanation. The authors have been chosen to represent the most important work being done in a variety of disciplines: social psychology, linguistics, pragmatics, artificial intelligence, ethogenics, narratology, conversation analysis and discourse analysis. Each chapter follows a uniform format. The author introduces the general theoretical outlines of the technique and describes his or her own theoretical position. The heart of the chapter is then devoted to an extended description of the analysis of a particular piece of data: a conversation, a collection of documentary accounts, or a corpus of explanatory phrases. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of this particular analytical method are assessed. Usefully organized into four parts, the book deals with the nature of explanation in general; methods for analysing the structure and content of accounts; the social context in which accounts are exchanged; and the use of rhetorical and ideological approaches to everyday explanation. Analysing Everyday Explanation is a unique casebook of methods which will prove invaluable to all social scientists.

Book Inter American Yearbook on Human Rights   Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos  Volume 34  2018

Download or read book Inter American Yearbook on Human Rights Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos Volume 34 2018 written by Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-11-07 with total page 987 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Discourse and Social Psychology

Download or read book Discourse and Social Psychology written by Jonathan Potter and published by SAGE Publications Limited. This book was released on 1987-06-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: `Potter and Wetherell have genuinely presented us with a different way of working in social psychology. The book's clarity means that it has the power to influence a lot of people ill-at-ease with traditional social psychology but unimpressed with (or simply bewildered by) other alternatives on offer. It could rescue social psychology from the sterility of the laboratory and its traditional mentalism' - Charles Antaki, The Times Higher Education Supplement This book is the first systematic and accessible introduction to the theory and application of discourse analysis within the field of social psychology. Discourse and Social Psychology includes chapters on the

Book Inter American Yearbook on Human Rights   Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos  Volume 30  2014

Download or read book Inter American Yearbook on Human Rights Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos Volume 30 2014 written by Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-08-15 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The print edition is available as a set of three volumes (9789004326590).

Book The Emerald Handbook of Feminism  Criminology and Social Change

Download or read book The Emerald Handbook of Feminism Criminology and Social Change written by Sandra Walklate and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2020-07-02 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerald Studies in Criminology, Feminism and Social Change offers a platform for innovative, engaged, and forward-looking feminist-informed work to explore the interconnections between social change and the capacity of criminology to grapple with the implications of such change.

Book Bibliographie internationale annuelle des m  langes

Download or read book Bibliographie internationale annuelle des m langes written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Community Punishment

Download or read book Community Punishment written by Gwen Robinson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-16 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Community Punishment: European perspectives, the authors place punishment in the community under the spotlight by exploring the origins, evolution and adaptations of supervision in 11 European jurisdictions. For most people, punishment in the criminal justice system is synonymous with imprisonment. Yet, both in Europe and in the USA, the numbers of people under some form of penal supervision in the community far exceeds the numbers in prison, and many prisoners are released under supervision. Written and edited by leading scholars in the field, this collection advances the sociology of punishment by illuminating the neglected but crucial phenomenon of ‘mass supervision’. As well as putting criminological and penological theories to the test in an examination of their ability to explain the evolution of punishment beyond the prison, and across diverse states, the contributors to this volume also assess the appropriateness of the term ‘community punishment’ in different parts of Europe. Engaging in a serious exploration of common themes and differences in the jurisdictions included in the collection, the authors go on to examine how ‘community punishment’ came into being in their jurisdiction and how its institutional forms and practices have been legitimated and re-legitimated in response to shifting social, cultural and political contexts. This book is essential reading for academics and students involved in the study of both community punishment and comparative penology, but will also be of great interest to criminal justice policymakers, managers and practitioners.

Book Sex and Gender

Download or read book Sex and Gender written by Robert J. Stoller and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book La discriminaci  n hacia la mujer por raz  n de g  nero en el C  digo penal

Download or read book La discriminaci n hacia la mujer por raz n de g nero en el C digo penal written by María Acale Sánchez and published by Editorial Reus. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La LOPIVG (Ley Orgánica de medidas de protección integral contra la violencia de género) ha incorporado al ordenamiento jurídico español un conjunto de medidas para luchar en positivo contra la discriminación por razón de género que ha venido sufriendo la mujer a lo largo de la historia. La reforma por ella operada es amplia y afecta a los órdenes procesal, laboral, educativo, sanitario, de la publicidad y al orden penal. ÍNDICE ABREVIATURAS INTRODUCCIÓN CAPÍTULO I: EVOLUCIÓN HISTÓRICA I. TRATAMIENTO LEGAL DE LA CUESTIÓN DE GÉNERO A LO LARGO DE LA CODIFICACIÓN PENAL ESPAÑOLA II. LA MUJER COMO SUJETO PASIVO DE DELITO 1. La circunstancia agravante de "desprecio de sexo" 2. Delitos relacionados con la mujer en razón de su sexo 3. Delitos relacionados con la mujer en razón de su papel en la familia 4. El delito de uxoricidio III. LA MUJER COMO SUJETO ACTIVO DE DELITO 1. El delito de adulterio 2. Las penas especiales para las mujeres: la pena pública y la pena marital IV. LA PERSPECTIVA IGUALITARIA DESDE LA CE DE 1978: EL CP Y LA LOGP V. LA IMPORTANCIA CUALITATIVA DE LAS REFORMAS OPERADAS POR LA LOPIVG VI. EVOLUCIÓN EN DERECHO INTERNACIONAL, EUROPEO Y COMPARADO CAPÍTULO II: EL PRESUPUESTO: EL CONCEPTO DE VIOLENCIA POR RAZÓN DE GÉNERO HACIA LA MUJER DEL ART. 1 LOPIVG I. INTRODUCCIÓN II. LA DISTINCIÓN ENTRE VIOLENCIA HACIA LA MUJER POR RAZÓN DE GÉNERO Y POR RAZÓN DE SEXO III. LA DISTINCIÓN ENTRE VIOLENCIA HACIA LA MUJER POR RAZÓN DE GÉNERO Y VIOLENCIA DOMÉSTICA IV. LAS FORMAS DE LA VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO CAPÍTULO III: EL FUNDAMENTO DE LA REFORMA EMPRENDIDA POR LA LOPIVG I. IGUALDAD FORMAL, IGUALDAD REAL Y ACCIONES POSITIVAS II. IGUALDAD FORMAL, IGUALDAD REAL Y ACCIONES POSITIVAS EN LA LOPIVG III. LAS CONCRETAS MEDIDAS DE ACCIÓN POSITIVA EN LA LOPIVG: LOS DERECHOS RECONOCIDOS A LAS VÍCTIMAS DE ESTA CLASE DE VIOLENCIA 1. Introducción 2. Derecho a la información sobre su situación personal 3. Derecho a la asistencia social integral 4. Derecho a la asistencia jurídica gratuita 5. Derechos laborales y prestaciones de la Seguridad Social 6. Derechos económicos IV. LAS REFORMAS DEL CÓDIGO PENAL: LA SINGULARIDAD DE SU FUNDAMENTO CAPÍTULO IV: EN PARTICULAR, EL FUNDAMENTO DE LAS REFORMAS OPERADAS EN EL ÁMBITO PENAL I. INTRODUCCIÓN II. LOS "SUJETOS ACTIVOS Y PASIVOS" DE LA "VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO" III. EL FUNDAMENTO 1. El parentesco 1.a) Introducción 1.b) Tratamiento de la relación de pareja en el art. 23 CP y en la LOPIVG 1.b.a) "Cónyuge o persona que esté o haya estado ligada de forma estable por análoga relación de afectividad" (art. 23 CP) 1.b.b) "Esposa o mujer que esté o haya estado ligada al agresor por una análoga relación de afectividad aún sin convivencia" (LOPIVG) 1.c) El resto de los integrantes de la familia: la violencia doméstica en el art. 23 CP y en la LOPIVG 1.c.a) "O ser ascendiente, descendiente o hermano por naturaleza o adopción del ofensor o de su cónyuge o conviviente" (art. 23 CP) 1.c.b) "Persona especialmente vulnerable que conviva con el autor" (LOPIVG) 1.d) Eliminación: el parentesco como condición -en algunos casos-, pero no como fundamentación 2. Bien jurídico protegido 2.a) Acercamiento 2.b) La pluriofensividad de estas conductas 2.c) Crítica 2.c).I. Derecho penal de autor y de víctima: la simbología penal frente al enemigo del sistema 2.c).II. El coste de la decisión: la revictimización de cada mujer por el hecho de pertenecer al género femenino CAPÍTULO V: LA CONCRECIÓN DE LA DISCRIMINACIÓN POR RAZÓN DE GÉNERO HACIA LA MUJER EN LA PARTE ESPECIAL DEL CÓDIGO PENAL: LOS TIPOS PENALES EN PARTICULAR I. INTRODUCCIÓN SECCIÓN PRIMERA: VISIÓN DE GÉNERO EN LAS LLOO 11 Y 15/2003 I. LA MUTILACIÓN GENITAL: LESIONES AGRAVADAS DEL ART. 149 II. LOS DELITOS RELATIVOS A LA PROSTITUCIÓN CONSENTIDA DE PERSONA MAYOR DE EDAD III. LOS DELITOS DE LESA HUMANIDAD SECCIÓN SEGUNDA: LOS DELITOS OBJETO DE REFORMA POR LA LOPIVG I. DELITOS DE LESIONES 1. Introducción 2. El nuevo tipo agravado de lesiones por la concurrencia de la alevosía 3. El nuevo tipo agravado de lesiones según el sexo y la relación familiar de la víctima y por su especial vulnerabilidad del art. 148.4 y 5 4. El delito de mal trato singular en distintos ámbitos, incluido el familiar 4.a) Introducción 4.b) Conductas típicas 4.c) Relaciones concursales 4.d) Principios de proporcionalidad y de igualdad ante la ley y reformas en materia de mal trato II. DELITOS Y FALTAS DE AMENAZAS 1. Introducción 2. Elementos comunes a las distintas modalidades de amenazas 3. Los nuevos delitos de amenazas 4. Interpretación jurisprudencial del concepto de amenaza a los efectos de las distintas modalidades típicas 4.a) Distinción entre amenazas de un mal constitutivo de delito del art. 169 y falta de amenazas del art. 620 y nuevos delitos de amenazas del artículo 171.1 y 2 4.b) Distinción entre las amenazas de un mal no constitutivo de delito del art. 171.1 y constitutivas de falta del art. 620 o de 171.4 y 5 5. Ejemplos jurisprudenciales de las conductas que han sido elevadas al ámbito de los delitos de amenazas 6. Principios de proporcionalidad y de igualdad y reformas en materia de amenazas III. DELITOS Y FALTAS DE COACCIONES 1. Introducción 2. Elementos comunes a las distintas modalidades de coacciones 3. Los nuevos delitos de coacciones y la falta de coacciones anterior a la LOPIVG 4. Ejemplos jurisprudenciales de las conductas que han sido elevadas al ámbito de los delitos de coacciones 5. Principios de proporcionalidad y de igualdad y reformas en materia de coacciones IV. SUPUESTOS DE AGRAVACIÓN DE LA PENA COMUNES PARA LOS NUEVOS DELITOS DE MAL TRATO SINGULAR, AMENAZAS Y COACCIONES 1. Introducción 2. La presencia de "menores" 3. La utilización de "armas" 4. La comisión en el domicilio común o en el domicilio de la víctima 5. La violación de una orden de alejamiento V. DELITO DE QUEBRANTAMIENTO DE CONDENA 1. Introducción 2. Análisis de la conducta típica 3. Principios de proporcionalidad y de igualdad en materia de quebrantamiento de condena SECCIÓN TERCERA: EXCURSO SOBRE EL DELITO DE MALOS TRATOS HABITUALES EN DISTINTOS ÁMBITOS I. INTRODUCCIÓN II. BIEN JURÍDICO PROTEGIDO 1. Introducción 2. Relación existente con el delito de trato degradante del art. 173.1 3. Otros argumentos favorables al cambio del bien jurídico protegido 4. La necesidad de seguir manteniendo el tradicional bien jurídico protegido en el viejo delito de malos tratos habituales en el ámbito familiar en las nuevas figuras delictivas 5. La necesaria reforma del nuevo art. 173.2 III. LAS PENAS CAPÍTULO VI: VÍCTIMA DEL DELITO Y CONSECUENCIAS JURÍDICAS DEL DELITO PARA EL AGRESOR I. INTRODUCCIÓN II. LA VÍCTIMA DEL DELITO Y LOS FINES DE LA PENA III. EL ALEJAMIENTO 1. Antecedentes legislativos 2. La pena de alejamiento 2.a) Pena accesoria 2.b) Criterios a tener en consideración para su adopción 2.c) Modalidades 2.d) Tiempo de duración y momento de su cumplimiento 2.e) Régimen especial en caso de violencia en el ámbito familiar 2.f) Consecuencias del incumplimiento 3. Las medidas de seguridad de alejamiento IV. RÉGIMEN ESPECIAL EN MATERIA DE SUSPENSIÓN Y SUSTITUCIÓN DE PENAS PARA PERSONAS CONDENADAS POR VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO V. EJECUCIÓN DE LA PENA DE PRISIÓN EN LOS SUPUESTOS RELACIONADOS CON LA VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO CAPÍTULO VII: LAS REFORMAS EN EL ORDEN PROCESAL I. INTRODUCCIÓN II. LA TUTELA JUDICIAL: LOS JUZGADOS DE VIOLENCIA SOBRE LA MUJER 1. Introducción 2. Competencia 2.a) Introducción 2.b) En el orden penal 2.c) Adopción de las órdenes de protección CAPÍTULO VIII: LA QUIEBRA DEL PRINCIPIO DE TRANSVERSALIDAD EN LA LOPIVG: LA MUJER INMIGRANTE MALTRATADA I. APROXIMACIÓN II. LA DISPERSIÓN DEL MARCO NORMATIVO III. LA MUJER MALTRATADA "INMIGRANTE" EN LA LOPIVG 1. Introducción 2. Derechos reconocidos a las mujeres: la particular situación de las mujeres inmigrantes IV. LA MUJER INMIGRANTE "MALTRATADA" EN LA LEX Y EN EL REGLAMENTO QUE LA DESARROLLA 1. Introducción 2. Autorización de entrada 3. Expediente de reagrupación familiar en circunstancias especiales 4. Residencia temporal por razones humanitarias 5. La colaboración con la Administración de Justicia V. EL CRUCE DE LA LOPIVG CON LA LEX: LA QUIEBRA DEL PRINCIPIO DE TRANSVERSALIDAD EPÍLOGO: PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO EN UN DERECHO PENAL GARANTISTA BIBLIOGRAFÍA

Book Engendering Budgets

Download or read book Engendering Budgets written by Debbie Budlender and published by Commonwealth Secretariat. This book was released on 2003 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide provides practitioners, politicians and policy communities with the basic information needed to understand gender-responsive budgets and to start initiatives based on their own local situations.

Book In an Abusive State

Download or read book In an Abusive State written by Kristin Bumiller and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-25 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an Abusive State puts forth a powerful argument: that the feminist campaign to stop sexual violence has entered into a problematic alliance with the neoliberal state. Kristin Bumiller chronicles the evolution of this alliance by examining the history of the anti-violence campaign, the production of cultural images about sexual violence, professional discourses on intimate violence, and the everyday lives of battered women. She also scrutinizes the rhetoric of high-profile rape trials and the expansion of feminist concerns about sexual violence into the international human-rights arena. In the process, Bumiller reveals how the feminist fight against sexual violence has been shaped over recent decades by dramatic shifts in welfare policies, incarceration rates, and the surveillance role of social-service bureaucracies. Drawing on archival research, individual case studies, testimonies of rape victims, and interviews with battered women, Bumiller raises fundamental concerns about the construction of sexual violence as a social problem. She describes how placing the issue of sexual violence on the public agenda has polarized gender- and race-based interests. She contends that as the social welfare state has intensified regulation and control, the availability of services for battered women and rape victims has become increasingly linked to their status as victims and their ability to recognize their problems in medical and psychological terms. Bumiller suggests that to counteract these tendencies, sexual violence should primarily be addressed in the context of communities and in terms of its links to social disadvantage. In an Abusive State is an impassioned call for feminists to reflect on how the co-optation of their movement by the neoliberal state creates the potential to inadvertently harm impoverished women and support punitive and racially based crime control efforts.

Book El tratamiento de la violencia de g  nero desde la perspectiva criminol  gica

Download or read book El tratamiento de la violencia de g nero desde la perspectiva criminol gica written by Sandra López de Zubiría Díaz and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Violent Offenders

    Book Details:
  • Author : Vernon L. Quinsey
  • Publisher : Washington, DC : American Psychological Association
  • Release : 1998
  • ISBN : 9781557984951
  • Pages : 356 pages

Download or read book Violent Offenders written by Vernon L. Quinsey and published by Washington, DC : American Psychological Association. This book was released on 1998 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary focus of this book is on criminal violence of both mentally disordered and criminal inmates, whose histories of criminal violence raise serious societal concerns about the commission of future acts of violence. It is difficult for legal experts, psychologists, and policy makers to make decisions that strike the proper balance between an offender's civil liberties and community safety. Such a balance requires an accurate assessment of the likelihood that an individual offender will commit a new violent or sexual offense. On the basis of their research on mentally disordered offenders, sex offenders, fire setters, and psychopathic offenders, the authors have devised an actuarial assessment instrument, the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide. The authors argue that risk management can be improved by combining what is already known about predicting violence, clinical decision making, and program evaluation. They conclude that the results of their applied research have implications for our understanding of the etiology of violent criminal behavior.

Book Penal Populism and Public Opinion

Download or read book Penal Populism and Public Opinion written by Julian V. Roberts and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-12-05 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although criminal justice systems vary greatly around the world, one theme has emerged in all western jurisdictions in recent years: a rise in both the rhetoric and practice of severe punishment at a time when public opinion has played a pivotal role in sentencing policy and reforms. Despite the differences among jurisdictions, startling commonalities exist among the five countries-the U.K., USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand--surveyed here. Drawing on the results of representative opinion surveys and other research tools the authors map public attitudes towards crime and punishment across countries and explore the congruence between public views and actual policies. Co-authored by four distinguished sentencing policy experts, Penal Populism and Public Opinion is a clarion call for limiting the influence of penal populism and instituting more informed, research- based sentencing policies across the western world.

Book European Penology

    Book Details:
  • Author : Tom Daems
  • Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
  • Release : 2013-05-17
  • ISBN : 1782251294
  • Pages : 384 pages

Download or read book European Penology written by Tom Daems and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-05-17 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is there something distinctive about penology in Europe? Do Europeans think about punishment and penal policy in a different way to people in other parts of the globe? If so, why is this the case and how does it work in practice? This book addresses some major and pressing issues that have been emerging in recent years in the interdisciplinary field of 'European penology', that is, a space where legal scholarship, criminology, sociology and political science meet - or should meet - in order to make sense of punishment in Europe. The chapters in European Penology? have been written by leading scholars in the field and focus in particular on the interaction of European academic penology and national practice with European policies as developed by the Council of Europe and, increasingly, by the European Union.