Download or read book Using the Social ecological Model to Understand the Behavioral and Environmental Influences of Overweight and Obesity Among African American Adolescents in Middle Georgia written by Shantrice L. Jones and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preventing Childhood Obesity written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-31 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentâ€"an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Ecological Influences on Weight Status in Urban African american Adolescent Females written by Jevetta Stanford and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study employed a quantitative, non-experimental, multivariate correlational research design to test a hypothesized model examining associative paths of influence between ecological factors and weight status of urban, African-American adolescent females. Anthropometric and self-report survey data of 182 urban, African- American adolescent females were collected during after-school programs, health and physical education classes, and community events in an urban area in northeast Florida. Descriptive analyses were conducted to characterize the study participants based upon their age, study setting, and weight status. A scale reliability analysis was conducted to assess the internal consistency reliability of the sample data using selected measures within the context of the study's specific population and subsequently guided the structural equation model (SEM) analyses. The SEM path analysis was used to develop two measurement models to control for observed error variance for variables demonstrating poor internal consistency reliability (diet behaviors and nutrition selfefficacy) and a final structural model to test the associative paths of influence between latent (diet behaviors and nutrition self-efficacy) and manifest variables (teacher social support and friend social support) on weight status. The results of the path analysis indicated that both teacher social support and friend social support demonstrated a positive, indirect influence on child weight status through nutrition self-efficacy and diet behaviors following two different and specific paths of influence. Diet behaviors, in turn, demonstrated a positive, direct effect on child weight status. These findings provide clear implications for educational leaders that call for the integration of health behavior change theory into traditional education and leadership practice and actively addressing the childhood obesity epidemic in the school environment by implementing health behavior change strategies at various ecological environmental levels.
Download or read book The Future of the Public s Health in the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.
Download or read book Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity written by Transportation Research Board and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2005-01-11 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB Special Report 282: Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence reviews the broad trends affecting the relationships among physical activity, health, transportation, and land use; summarizes what is known about these relationships, including the strength and magnitude of any causal connections; examines implications for policy; and recommends priorities for future research.
Download or read book Theory at a Glance written by Karen Glanz and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Factors and the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among African Americans in Dekalb County Georgia written by Shannon L. Burton and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genes Behavior and the Social Environment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-11-07 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, we have made great strides in reducing rates of disease and enhancing people's general health. Public health measures such as sanitation, improved hygiene, and vaccines; reduced hazards in the workplace; new drugs and clinical procedures; and, more recently, a growing understanding of the human genome have each played a role in extending the duration and raising the quality of human life. But research conducted over the past few decades shows us that this progress, much of which was based on investigating one causative factor at a time—often, through a single discipline or by a narrow range of practitioners—can only go so far. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment examines a number of well-described gene-environment interactions, reviews the state of the science in researching such interactions, and recommends priorities not only for research itself but also for its workforce, resource, and infrastructural needs.
Download or read book Understanding the Underlying Social Maternal and Environmental Risk Factors for the Development of Overweight and Obesity from Birth to Adolescence written by Margaret Mochon Demment and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background The relationship between changes in family socioeconomic status (SES) and the development of obesity in childhood is unknown. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between growth and two measures of SES change in childhood: family income trajectory and early-life food insecurity, and whether SES modified the relationship between the school nutrition and physical activity (N & PA) environment and growth during middle school, 6th to 8th grade. Methods This longitudinal research employed a birth cohort (n=595) located in rural New York State, followed from birth to 15 years. Data were collected through an audit of medical records, mailed questionnaires, and an assessment of the middle school N & PA environments. Family income and body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectories were created using latent-class modeling techniques to group children based on similar trends across time. Linear mixed models were used to estimate rate change in BMI zscore. Results 1. Children with poorer income trajectories were more likely to be in overweight and obese trajectories. Children who were persistently low-income were more likely to be in the overweight-stable BMI trajectory, and downwardly mobile children were more likely to be in the obese BMI trajectory. 2. The association between food insecurity and growth status varied across time. Foodinsecure children had a lower estimated BMI z-score in early childhood compared to food-secure children, but their elevated rate of growth during childhood resulted in a higher estimated BMI z-score by the age of 15 compared to food-secure children. 3. The association between the school environment and change in BMI z-score depended on income trajectory. Specifically, reductions in BMI z-score were associated with better physical education and general physical activity promotion environments among adolescents with unstable and persistent low-income trajectories. Conclusion Low SES trajectories and food insecurity were positively associated with the development of overweight and obesity in complex ways across childhood. Depending on an adolescent's income trajectory, better middle school environments for physical activity were associated with decreased obesity risk.
Download or read book Nature Nurture written by William Hunter and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-02-03 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the number of people with obesity increases, the health problems tied to this condition are also increasing. Conditions like coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and many forms of cancer—all conditions that may be associated with or aggravated by excess weight and all conditions that can be potentially deadly—are not only common among adults but also more common among younger people than ever before. Even as people become more conscious that excess weight is a medical problem, many people still view obesity as a personal problem—something caused by laziness, gluttony, or even stupidity. Maybe people still don’t realize that weight and body size aren't simply a matter of what we eat and how much we exercise. Discover the true causes of obesity, from our genetics to the way in which we were raised. Understand the truth behind our culture’s myths about obesity and weight.
Download or read book Social Justice and the Urban Obesity Crisis written by Melvin Delgado and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of economic, cultural, and contextual factors are driving urban America's obesity crisis, which can create chronic health conditions for those least able to manage them. Considering urban obesity through a social justice lens, this book is the first to help social workers and others develop targeted interventions for effective outcomes. The text dissects the problem of urban obesity in populations of color from individual, family, group, community, and policy perspectives. Beginning with a historical survey of urban obesity in communities of color, anti-obesity policies and programs, and the role of social work in addressing this threat, the volume follows with an analysis of the social, ecological, environmental, and spatial aggravators of urban obesity, such as the food industry's advertising strategies, which promote unhealthy choices; the failure of local markets to provide good food options; the lack of safe exercise spaces; and the paucity of heath education. Melvin Delgado reviews recent national obesity statistics; explores the connection between food stamps and obesity; and reveals the financial and social consequences of the epidemic for society as a whole. He concludes with recommendations for effective health promotion programs, such as youth-focused interventions, community gardens, and community-based food initiatives, and a unique consideration of urban obesity in relation to acts of genocide and national defense.
Download or read book Social Aspects of Obesity written by Igor De Garine and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays examines obesity not as an objective medical or psychological problem, but as a subjective social and cultural phenomenon. The contributors take a cross-cultural perspective, examining both the negative casting of obesity in developed countries and the traditional view of obesity as a positive characteristic in subsistence societies which is threatened by the dominance of Western culture.
Download or read book Longitudinal Effects of Obesogenic Food Environments on Body Mass Index and Executive Functioning in Low income Adolescents written by Jamil M.. Lane and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Obesogenic food environmental factors are associated with unhealthy dietary intake and obesity among adolescents. Evidence suggests that adverse environmental factors can have a negative effect on executive functioning. The investigation of how the obesogenic food environment influences the development of executive functioning over time remains unexamined. The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal effect of obesogenic food environmental factors on body mass index (BMI) and executive functioning among low-income African American adolescents. Analyses were based on four waves of data collected between 1994-2014 from the Memphis New Mothers Study, a longitudinal randomized controlled trial (RCT) of low-SES women and their first-born children's health and overall well-being. Using control group data only, latent growth modeling was used to analyze whether the obesogenic food environment at age 4.5 years is associated with changes in BMI and executive functioning over three time-points and what time-varying and time-invariant variables predict these changes. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify subgroups (classes) based on individual longitudinal trajectories of impulsivity, cognitive inflexibility, and working memory performance in adolescents. In addition, binomial or multinomial regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between the hypothesized primary predictor (mRFEI) and covariates with the participant trajectory class memberships. Results indicated that maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy was associated with the rate of change over time of impulsivity scores over the 12 years of the study. Prenatal alcohol use during pregnancy was associated with cognitive inflexibility at baseline and from ages 6 to 18. Maternal education at age 6 and neighborhood disorganization at ages 6 and 18 were also associated with cognitive inflexibility. Boys had lower age 6 baseline scores and quicker rates of increased working memory changes than girls. Gestational age was associated with baseline working memory scores. Birth weight was associated with the linear change in working memory, and household income and neighborhood disorganization were also associated with working memory in youth ages 12 and 18. Contrary to the study's hypotheses, the obesogenic food environment at age 4.5 did not explain the variance in boys' and girls' BMI categories, executive functioning at baseline, or variance in change over time for the overall sample. Growth mixture modeling enabled identification of the following distinct trajectory classes of executive functioning: (1) impulsivity: moderate-stable and moderate-increasing; (2) cognitive inflexibility: low-stable, very high-stable, and moderate-stable; (3) working memory: deficient-stable, low-stable, and moderate-stable. For impulsivity, results indicated no significant associations between the chosen predictors or covariates with class membership. For cognitive inflexibility, using the moderate-stable class as the reference group, higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with membership in the low-stable and very high-stable classes. Also, neighborhood disorganization was associated with membership of the low-stable cognitive inflexibility class, but not the very high-stable class. For working memory, mRFEI scores were statistically associated with membership in the low-stable working memory class versus the moderate-stable working memory class (reference group), suggesting that working memory trajectories may be negatively affected by early exposure to obesogenic environments. Although obesogenic food environment was associated only with working memory trajectory class membership, other neighborhood indices were associated with specific trajectories in executive functioning, but not children's BMI. Also, maternal behaviors during pregnancy were associated with executive functioning trajectories. To further advance the knowledge and understanding about environmental risk factors on executive functioning in youth, more nuanced measures of obesogenic environment and addition of eating behaviors would be necessary. Nevertheless, the current insights support designing nutritional and cognitive developmental programming and educational interventions to ensure that adolescents receive adequate nutrition for cognitive health."--Pages xvi-xviii.
Download or read book Using a Social ecological Model to Examine Obesity Interventions for Children and Adolescents written by Susan L. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence written by H. Dele Davies and published by Greenwood Publishing Group. This book was released on 2008 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. 1. Social and behavioral development :; Risk factors for obesity in early human development /; John Worobey --; Role of physical activity in obesity prevention /; James M. Pivarnik --; Childhood overweight and academic achievement /; Sara Gable, Jnnifer L. Krull, Arathi Srikanta --; Adiposiy and internalizing problems: infancy to middle childhood /; Robert H. Bradley, Renate Houts, Phillip R. Nader, Marion O'Brien, Jay Belsky, and Robert Crosnoe --; Food marketing goes online: A content analysis of web sites for children /; Elizabeth S. Moore --; Families and obesity: a family process approach to obesity in adolescents /; Matthew P. Thorpe, Randal D. Day ;; Pt. 2. Individual differeces and ethnic variation :; Responding to the epidemic of American Indian and Alaska Native childhood obesity /; Paul Spicer, Kelly Moore --; Obesity in African Americans and Latino Americans /; Helen D. Pratt, Manmohan Kamboj, Robin Joseph ;; Pt. 3. Prevention and intervention :; Managing the overweight child /; Ihuoma Eneli, Karah Daniels Mantinan --; Parents as the primary target for healthy eating among young children /; Mildred A. Horodynski, Kami J. Silk, Michelle Henry --; Surgical treatment for obesity /; Jeff M. Gauvin --; Ethical considerations related to obesity intervention /; Leonard M. Fleck, Karen A. Petersmarck.
Download or read book Child Development written by Laura Berk and published by Pearson Higher Education AU. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child Development
