Download or read book Using Supercomputers to Probe the Early Universe written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades physicists have been trying to decipher the first moments after the Big Bang. Using very large telescopes, for example, scientists scan the skies and look at how fast galaxies move. Satellites study the relic radiation left from the Big Bang, called the cosmic microwave background radiation. And finally, particle colliders, like the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, allow researchers to smash protons together and analyze the debris left behind by such collisions. Physicists at Los Alamos National Laboratory, however, are taking a different approach: they are using computers. In collaboration with colleagues at University of California San Diego, the Los Alamos researchers developed a computer code, called BURST, that can simulate a slice in the life of our young cosmos.
Download or read book Probes of the Early Universe written by Max Tegmark and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exploring the Early Universe with Gravitational Waves written by Laura Bianca Bethke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work investigates gravitational wave production in the early universe and identifies potentially observable features, thereby paving the way for future gravitational wave experiments. It focuses on gravitational wave production in two scenarios: inflation in a model inspired by loop quantum gravity, and preheating at the end of inflation. In the first part, it is demonstrated that gravitational waves’ spectrum differs from the result obtained using ordinary general relativity, with potentially observable consequences that could yield insights into quantum gravity. In the second part, it is shown that the cosmic gravitational wave background is anisotropic at a level that could be detected by future experiments. Gravitational waves promise to be an rich source of information on the early universe. To them, the universe has been transparent from its earliest moments, so they can give us an unobstructed view of the Big Bang and a means to probe the fundamental laws of nature at very high energies.
Download or read book The Early Universe as a Probe of New Physics written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Standard Model of Particle Physics has been verified to unprecedented precision in the last few decades. However there are still phenomena in nature which cannot be explained, and as such new theories will be required. Since terrestrial experiments are limited in both the energy and precision that can be probed, new methods are required to search for signs of physics beyond the Standard Model. In this dissertation, I demonstrate how these theories can be probed by searching for remnants of their effects in the early Universe. In particular I focus on three possible extensions of the Standard Model: the addition of massive neutral particles as dark matter, the addition of charged massive particles, and the existence of higher dimensions. For each new model, I review the existing experimental bounds and the potential for discovering new physics in the next generation of experiments. For dark matter, I introduce six simple models which I have developed, and which involve a minimum amount of new physics, as well as reviewing one existing model of dark matter. For each model I calculate the latest constraints from astrophysics experiments, nuclear recoil experiments, and collider experiments. I also provide motivations for studying sub-GeV mass dark matter, and propose the possibility of searching for light WIMPs in the decay of B-mesons and other heavy particles. For charged massive relics, I introduce and review the recently proposed model of catalyzed Big Bang nucleosynthesis. In particular I review the production of Li6 by this mechanism, and calculate the abundance of Li7 after destruction of Be7 by charged relics. The result is that for certain natural relics CBBN is capable of removing tensions between the predicted and observed Li6 and Li7 abundances which are present in the standard model of BBN. For extra dimensions, I review the constraints on the ADD model from both astrophysics and collider experiments. I then calculate the constraints on this model from.
Download or read book The Early Universe written by Gerhard Börner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth edition of Börner's "The Early Universe" is practically a new book, not just updated version. In particular, it is now organized so as to make it more useful as a textbook. And problem sections are also added. In the centre are the connections between particle physics and cosmology: The standard model, some basic implications of quantum field theory and the questions of structure formation. Special emphasis is given to the observed anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background and the consequences drawn for cosmology and for the structure formation models. Nuclear and particle physicists and astrophysicists, researchers and teachers as well as graduate students will welcome this new edition of a classic text and reference.
Download or read book Primordial Nucleosynthesis and Evolution of Early Universe written by Katsuhiko Sato and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Conference "Primordial Nucleosynthesis and Evolution of Early Universe" was held in the presence of Prof. William Fowler on 4 - 8 September 1990 at the Sanjo Conference Hall, the University of Tokyo. This conference was co-sponsored by IUPAP, the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, and by the University of Tokyo. The number of participants was 156, 58 from 15 foreign countries and 98 from Japan. About 120 contributions were submitted orally or as posters. Originally this conference was planned as a small gathering on Primordial Nucleosynthesis as indicated in the title, since primordial nucleosynthesis is the most important probe of the early stage of the universe. As is well known, light element abundances strongly depend on the time evolution of temperature and density. In this sense we can say that primordial nucleosynthesis is both the thermometer and speedometer of the early universe. Moreover, recently it has been claimed that primordial nucleosynthesis is an indicator of inhomogeneity of the early universe too. Now research of the primordial nucleosynthesis is in a boom. We, however, decided to include observational cosmology, of observations. taking into account the recent remarkable results Nowadays, to reveal the large scale structure of the universe and discover its origin is a main subject in cosmology. We invited distinguished scientists from all over the world, and very fortunately almost all these people accepted to attend this conference.
Download or read book The Early Universe and the Cosmic Microwave Background Theory and Observations written by Norma G. Sànchez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the Daniel Chalonge School on Astrofundamental Physics is to contribute to a theory of the universe (and particularly of the early universe) up to the marks, and at the scientific height of, the unprecedented accuracy, existent and expected, in the observational data. The impressive development of modern cosmology during the last decades is to a large extent due to its unification with elementary particle physics and quantum field theory. The cross-section between these fields has been increasing setting up Astrofundamental Physics. The early universe is an exceptional (theoretical and experimental) laboratory in this new discipline. This NATO Advanced Study Institute provided an up dated understanding, from a fundamental physics and deep point of view, of the progress and key issues in the early universe and the cosmic microwave background: theory and observations. The genuine interplay with large scale structure formation and dark matter problem were discussed. The central focus was placed on the cosmic microwave background. Emphasis was given to the precise inter-relation between fundamental physics and cosmology in these problems, both at the theoretical and experimental/observational levels, within a deep and well defined programme which provided in addition, a careful interdisciplinarity. Special sessions were devoted to high energy cosmic rays, neutrinos in astrophysics, and high energy astrophysics. Deep understanding, clarification, synthesis, careful interdisciplinarity within a fundamental physics framework, were the main goals of the course.
Download or read book The Early Universe written by Edward Kolb and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Early Universe has become the standard reference on forefront topics in cosmology, particularly to the early history of the Universe. Subjects covered include primordial nubleosynthesis, baryogenesis, phases transitions, inflation, dark matter, and galaxy formation, relics such as axions, neutrinos and monopoles, and speculations about the Universe at the Planck time. The book includes more than ninety figures as well as a five-page update discussing recent developments such as the COBE results.
Download or read book The Early Universe written by Dominik Schleicher and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present-day universe formed out of an initially hot, dense, rapidly expanding plasma, which cooled during the expansion to become a neutral gas. Under the influence of gravity, small initial fluctuations in the density grew over time until the first sources of light formed within the neutral gas, starting to reionize the universe. These "dark ages of the universe" are explored in this book, and the current uncertainties concerning the physics governing this epoch are discussed. Particular focus is on the potential role of primordial magnetic fields, which may have been created during phase transitions in the early universe, as well as the effects of self-annihilating or decaying dark matter particles. Supermassive black holes, which are observed in some of the earliest galaxies, must have formed during this epoch and grown rapidly in mass. Possible probes of this early epoch are discussed, ranging from measurements of the cosmic microwave background with satellites like WMAP or Planck, future radio telescopes like LOFAR and SKA, measurements of the cosmic gamma-ray background, as well as observations in the mm- and sub-mm regime with the upcoming ALMA telescope.
Download or read book The Early Universe written by W.G. Unruh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: List of Participants ••. ••. •. . . . •. . ••. . . ••. ••. •. •. . . ••. •. •. . . ••. • xi I. MOSS / The Quantum Origin of the Universe ••••. •. •. •••. •••. ••• M. S. TUru~ER / Cosmology and Particle Physics •. . •••. ••. •. . •••. •• 19 G. GELMINI / Supersynunetry and the Early Universe •••. •. ••. . •. •. . 115 J. D. BARROW / Relativistic Cosmology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 P. J. E. PEEBLES / Yet Another Scenario for Galaxy Formation . ••. 203 ?:1. B. '-lISE / Non-Gaussian Fluctuations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 S. D. H. mUTE / N-body Hethods and the Formation of Large-Scale Structure • . •. . . . • . • • . • • • . . . • . . . . • • . . . • . • . . 239 • . . . • • . . . . • T. PI~~ / Numerical Relativity and Cosmology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 J. R. BOND / Distortions and Anisotropies of the Cosmic Background Radiation •. •. . . ••. ••. •••. ••••. . ••. . •••••. •• 283 J. V. HALL / The Early Universe - An Observer's View. . . . . . . . . . . . 335 G. GELHINI / Can the Solar Neutrino Problem be the First Detected Signature of Dark Hatter from the Halo of Our Galaxy? 351 A. K. DRUKIER / Detecting Cold Dark !1atter Candidates •. •. •. . . •. . 361 S. TOULMIN / The Early Universe: Historical and Philosophical Perspectives . •. •. . . . . . . •. . . . •••. •. •. •. •. . . . ••••. . •. •. • 393 INDEX . . •. . . •. . . ••. . . ••••. . . •••••. . . •. •. •. . •. . . . •. . •. •. . . ••. •••.
Download or read book Frontier Supercomputer written by StoryBuddiesPlay and published by StoryBuddiesPlay. This book was released on 2024-05-19 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontier: A Revolution in Scientific Computing - Unveiling the Potential of the Exascale Era Frontier, the world's first exascale supercomputer, has ushered in a new era of scientific discovery. This marvel of engineering, housed at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF), boasts a processing power exceeding one quintillion calculations per second. This immense capability is revolutionizing numerous scientific fields, from simulating complex molecules for drug discovery to modeling the formation of galaxies. This comprehensive guide delves into the many facets of Frontier and its impact on the scientific landscape. Here's a glimpse of what you'll discover: Frontier's Applications: Explore how Frontier empowers researchers across diverse disciplines, including medicine, materials science, cosmology, climate modeling, and energy production. The Power of AI and Machine Learning: Witness how Frontier accelerates advancements in AI and machine learning, leading to breakthroughs in areas like natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics. Open Science for Global Collaboration: Learn about ORNL's commitment to open science, ensuring global access to Frontier's computing power and fostering international research collaboration. A Look Ahead: The Future of Supercomputing: Peer beyond the exascale horizon and explore the exciting possibilities of zettascale computing and the potential integration of quantum technologies. The Challenges and Ethics of Exascale Computing: Consider the critical discussions surrounding responsible use, equitable access, and the environmental footprint of these powerful machines. Frontier's story extends beyond the technical specifications. This guide explores the human element behind this groundbreaking achievement, highlighting the researchers who utilize Frontier's power and the intricate process for accessing this remarkable resource. Whether you're a scientist, a tech enthusiast, or simply curious about the future of scientific exploration, this guide offers a compelling exploration of Frontier and its transformative impact on our world. Dive deeper into the chapters and discover the secrets being unlocked with the world's first exascale supercomputer.
Download or read book Small scale Probes of the Early Universe written by Philippa Sarah Cole and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-12 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances made by physicists in understanding matter, space, and time and by astronomers in understanding the universe as a whole have closely intertwined the question being asked about the universe at its two extremesâ€"the very large and the very small. This report identifies 11 key questions that have a good chance to be answered in the next decade. It urges that a new research strategy be created that brings to bear the techniques of both astronomy and sub-atomic physics in a cross-disciplinary way to address these questions. The report presents seven recommendations to facilitate the necessary research and development coordination. These recommendations identify key priorities for future scientific projects critical for realizing these scientific opportunities.
Download or read book Early Evolution of the Universe and its Present Structure written by G.O. Abell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the last International Astronomical Union Symposium that dealt with matters cosmological, there have been dramatic advances, both on the observational and theoretical fronts. Modern high-efficiency detectors have made possible extensive magnitude-limited redshift surveys, which have permitted observational cosmologists to construct three-dimensional maps of large regions of space. What seems to emerge is a distribution of matter in extensive, flat, but probably filamentary, and possibly interconnected, superclusters, serving as interstices between vast voids in space. Meanwhile, theoretical ideas that were highly speculative a few years ago have begun to be taken seriously as possibly describing conditions in the very early universe. And brand new ideas, such as that of the inflationary universe, hold promise of solving outstanding observational, theoretical, and philosophical problems in cosmology. A new look at grand unified theories and concepts of supersymmetry have brought observational and theoretical cosmologists to a common meeting ground with modern particle physicists.
Download or read book Exploring The Universe A Festschrift In Honor Of R Giacconi written by Herbert Gursky and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000-09-27 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is dedicated to Riccardo Giacconi for his sixty-fifth birthday, on the occasion of his being awarded a “Laurea Honoris Causa” in physics at the University of Rome “La Sapienza”. A meeting was held in his honor, and presentations were given that reflected the state-of-the-art of research on subjects related to Giacconi's scientific interests and achievements through the decades. This volume is based upon the papers presented at that meeting. It provides a tribute to Riccardo Giacconi for his outstanding contributions towards opening up the entire field of high energy astrophysics.
Download or read book Creation written by Barry R. Parker and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I remember once watching a presentation of the creation of the universe in a planetarium. It was a fascinating experience: lights flashing, particles appearing to rush by as an explosive roar echoed throughout the planetarium. Then suddenly ... black ness. And after a few seconds ... tiny lights--stars blinking into existence. I tried to imagine myself actually going back to this event. Was this really what it was like? It was an interesting facsimile, but far from what the real thing would have been like. The creation of the universe is an event that is impossible to imagine accurately. Fortunately, this has not discouraged peo ple from wondering what it was like. In Creation I have attempted to take you back to the begin ning-the big bang explosion-so that you can watch the uni verse grow and evolve. Starting with the first fraction of a sec ond, I trace the universe from its initial dramatic expansion through to the formation of the first nuclei and atoms. From here I go to the formation of galaxies and the curious distribu tion they have taken in space. Finally I talk about the formation of elements in stars, and the first life on the planets around them.
Download or read book New Worlds New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-04 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Driven by discoveries, and enabled by leaps in technology and imagination, our understanding of the universe has changed dramatically during the course of the last few decades. The fields of astronomy and astrophysics are making new connections to physics, chemistry, biology, and computer science. Based on a broad and comprehensive survey of scientific opportunities, infrastructure, and organization in a national and international context, New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics outlines a plan for ground- and space- based astronomy and astrophysics for the decade of the 2010's. Realizing these scientific opportunities is contingent upon maintaining and strengthening the foundations of the research enterprise including technological development, theory, computation and data handling, laboratory experiments, and human resources. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics proposes enhancing innovative but moderate-cost programs in space and on the ground that will enable the community to respond rapidly and flexibly to new scientific discoveries. The book recommends beginning construction on survey telescopes in space and on the ground to investigate the nature of dark energy, as well as the next generation of large ground-based giant optical telescopes and a new class of space-based gravitational observatory to observe the merging of distant black holes and precisely test theories of gravity. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics recommends a balanced and executable program that will support research surrounding the most profound questions about the cosmos. The discoveries ahead will facilitate the search for habitable planets, shed light on dark energy and dark matter, and aid our understanding of the history of the universe and how the earliest stars and galaxies formed. The book is a useful resource for agencies supporting the field of astronomy and astrophysics, the Congressional committees with jurisdiction over those agencies, the scientific community, and the public.
