Download or read book Using Occupancy Models to Predict Grassland Bird Distributions in Southeastern Alberta written by Nathan David Clements and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Integrated Species Distribution Models to Improve Occupancy Predictions of Avian Species of Concern written by Fiona Lunt and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Species distribution models have the potential to improve our understanding of the relationship among species, communities, and their environment. This modeling framework is further improved through the process of data integration, which incorporates multiple data sources into a single model and has the potential to improve predictive accuracy if certain data biases are accounted for. The first chapter of this project aims to improve the existing integrated species distribution model framework by addressing how to best treat non-standardized and older sources of data. Using the community science platform eBird, we build a set of hierarchical occupancy models that systematically test how to filter the data, how to incorporate effort to account for observation errors, and how to integrate the additional data sources, the 2nd Pennsylvania Breeding Bird Atlas (BBA) and the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), into a single integrated model, as well as whether older data from these sources is beneficial for predicting contemporary distributions. These models are tested with four avian species on the Pennsylvania State Wildlife Action Plan's list of species with greatest conservation need-- Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis), Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea), Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera), and Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina). We find that filtering eBird data by limiting spatial variability and spatial balancing improves the dataset's predictive accuracy for usage in a formal joint-likelihood model. Additionally, using an alternative integration method by treating the data as a covariate offers a separate improvement on the joint-likelihood model. Treating older data as a model covariate, as opposed to weighing it the same as modern data, also improves model fit. These results suggest that non-standardized data like eBird and older data like BBA are useful for species distribution models if proper steps are taken to filter and integrate. In the second chapter, we apply some of these techniques to a distributional assessment of Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera), a species facing steep population declines, and its competitor the Blue-winged Warbler (Vermivora cyanoptera). We asked whether incorporating a co-occurrence model improves occupancy predictions for the former species and if there are any environmental relationships that predict distributional overlap in their breeding range in Pennsylvania. We find that model predictions improve when using Blue-winged Warbler occupancy as a predictor of Golden-winged Warbler presence, and that the likelihood a Golden-winged Warbler is present greatly increases if Blue-winged Warbler is present. We did not find any significant environmental predictors of co-occurrence. Utilizing a fully integrated model for this chapter was useful in capturing more information about these uncommon species, which may have not been as easily achieved with a single dataset. Overall, our analyses highlight the benefits of properly structuring and integrating multiple data sources into species distribution models and offer methods of expansion for more specific ecological questions, such as through incorporating a co-occurrence structure.
Download or read book A Predictive Habitat Occupancy Model of Northern Bobwhite in the Delmarva Peninsula USA written by Kenneth Duren and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Literature on predicting species presence contains numerous methodological recommendations that reduce bias associated with imperfect detection of individuals, measurement scale of model variables, model selection uncertainty, and spatial autocorrelation. My objective was to incorporate and test recent modeling advances to predict potential habitat occupancy of northern bobwhite. From 15 May-15 August, 2008 and 2009, I conducted repeat-visit surveys at 360 sites within Delaware to sample the presence of bobwhite. I randomly selected half the data to model the scale-dependent relationships of bobwhite presence with metrics of site scale (500 m radius) and landscape scale habitat composition and configuration. At the site scale, bobwhite presence was negatively related to interspersion and juxtaposition of early successional and agriculture habitat, early successional to forest edge density, and agriculture to forest edge density. At the landscape scale, bobwhite presence was negatively related to cohesion of human development within 2.5 km, positively related to cohesion of early successional habitat within 2.0 km, and positively related to percentage of shrub habitat within 1.0 km. The habitat occupancy model fit the validation dataset moderately well with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.631. I applied my habitat occupancy model to map the predicted presence of breeding bobwhite within the Delmarva Peninsula, USA. The modeling results and distribution map will be used to guide future habitat management efforts. I also hope my methodology can serve as a basis for future habitat modeling of bobwhite and other grassland species across their range. I then tested the efficacy of a broadcast caller for estimating density and occupancy of northern bobwhite. Density estimates while using a broadcast caller were higher and increasing passive listening survey duration from 3 to 7 min did not change density estimates. However, increasing survey duration or using a broadcast caller led to a higher detection probability. Use of a broadcast caller is inappropriate for determining density estimates through distance sampling, but may be appropriate for determining occupancy under limited conditions. Finally, I tested if a habitat occupancy model could predict the change in occupancy of Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) routes over time in the Delmarva Peninsula, USA. I used 50 stop BBS data to calculate the percentage of stops occupied by bobwhite during 1992, 1996, 2001 and 2005. I then calculated the probability of breeding-season bobwhite occupancy at each BBS stop for each time period using the occupancy model applied to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Organization Coastal Change and Analysis Program (NOAA CCAP) land cover data. The average change in observed occupancy per year was -8.7% (± SE 1.3%) while the average predicted change in occupancy was 1.0% (± SE 0.8%). Predicted route occupancy was not related to observed route occupancy across sampling periods. Change in predicted occupancy and observed occupancy were also not related. I consider two broad reasons why observed results did not correlate to my predictive model. The first is methodological (low predictive success of model, error from applying model from one year to other years, and imperfect detection of bobwhite during BBS surveys) while the second is biological (slack in habitat configurations, differential habitat use between breeding and nonbreeding season, impact of predation and hunting, and impact of agricultural chemicals). Biologists should use caution when applying a static multi-scale occupancy model to large scale temporal habitat-population processes.
Download or read book Predicting Species Occurrences written by J. Michael Scott and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2002-02 with total page 940 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predictions about where different species are, where they are not, and how they move across a landscape or respond to human activities -- if timber is harvested, for instance, or stream flow altered -- are important aspects of the work of wildlife biologists, land managers, and the agencies and policymakers that govern natural resources. Despite the increased use and importance of model predictions, these predictions are seldom tested and have unknown levels of accuracy.Predicting Species Occurrences addresses those concerns, highlighting for managers and researchers the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches, as well as the magnitude of the research required to improve or test predictions of currently used models. The book is an outgrowth of an international symposium held in October 1999 that brought together scientists and researchers at the forefront of efforts to process information about species at different spatial and temporal scales. It is a comprehensive reference that offers an exhaustive treatment of the subject, with 65 chapters by leading experts from around the world that: review the history of the theory and practice of modeling and present a standard terminology examine temporal and spatial scales in terms of their influence on patterns and processes of species distribution offer detailed discussions of state-of-the-art modeling tools and descriptions of methods for assessing model accuracy discuss how to predict species presence and abundance present examples of how spatially explicit data on demographics can provide important information for managers An introductory chapter by Michael A. Huston examines the ecological context in which predictions of species occurrences are made, and a concluding chapter by John A. Wiens offers an insightful review and synthesis of the topics examined along with guidance for future directions and cautions regarding misuse of models. Other contributors include Michael P. Austin, Barry R. Noon, Alan H. Fielding, Michael Goodchild, Brian A. Maurer, John T. Rotenberry, Paul Angermeier, Pierre R. Vernier, and more than a hundred others.Predicting Species Occurrences offers important new information about many of the topics raised in the seminal volume Wildlife 2000 (University of Wisconsin Press, 1986) and will be the standard reference on this subject for years to come. Its state-of-the-art assessment will play a key role in guiding the continued development and application of tools for making accurate predictions and is an indispensable volume for anyone engaged in species management or conservation.
Download or read book The Condor written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology and Conservation of Grassland Birds of the Western Hemisphere written by Peter D. Vickery and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Journal of Raptor Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Raptor survey techniques written by Mark R. Fuller and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting Abstracts written by Ecological Society of America. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Swift Fox written by Ludwig N. Carbyn and published by University of Regina Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1998, biologists and endangered species experts met at an international symposium on swift foxes held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, to exchange information and identify the state-of-the-science of swift fox ecology and status in North America. Papers presented at the symposium, together with other written afterwards, are brought together in this peer-reviewed volume.
Download or read book Naturalized Parrots of the World written by Stephen Pruett-Jones and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The first book to look at naturalized parrots with a global perspective, with a wide range of chapters by 36 leading researchers"--
Download or read book Distribution Ecology written by Marcelo Hernán Cassini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-02 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together a set of approaches to the study of individual-species ecology based on the analysis of spatial variations of abundance. Distribution ecology assumes that ecological phenomena can be understood when analyzing the extrinsic (environmental) or intrinsic (physiological constraints, population mechanisms) that correlate with this spatial variation. Ecological processes depend on geographical scales, so their analysis requires following environmental heterogeneity. At small scales, the effects of biotic factors of ecosystems are strong, while at large scales, abiotic factors such as climate, govern ecological functioning. Responses of organisms also depend on scales: at small scales, adaptations dominate, i.e. the ability of organisms to respond adaptively using habitat decision rules that maximize their fitness; at large scales, limiting traits dominate, i.e., tolerance ranges to environmental conditions.
Download or read book The Birds of North America written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildlife Habitat Relationships written by Michael L. Morrison and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife-Habitat Relationships goes beyond introductory wildlife biology texts to provide wildlife professionals and students with an understanding of the importance of habitat relationships in studying and managing wildlife. The book offers a unique synthesis and critical evaluation of data, methods, and studies, along with specific guidance on how to conduct rigorous studies. Now in its third edition, Wildlife-Habitat Relationships combines basic field zoology and natural history, evolutionary biology, ecological theory, and quantitative tools in explaining ecological processes and their influence on wildlife and habitats. Also included is a glossary of terms that every wildlife professional should know.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology and Conservation of Grassland Birds written by Paul D. Goriup and published by International. This book was released on 1988 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Atlas of Breeding Birds of Alberta written by and published by Nature Alberta. This book was released on 2007 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
