Download or read book Using High Resolution Satellite Derived Wind Speed and Sea Surface Temperature to Measuring the Global Exchange Coefficient and Air sea CO2 Flux written by Christopher D. Jeffery and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sensitivity of Global Sea Air CO2 Flux to Gas Transfer Algorithms Climatological Wind Speeds and Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Procedures to Create Near Real time Seasonal Air sea CO2 Flux Maps written by Geun-Ha Park and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seasonal air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2) flux maps were calculated from wind speed data and the difference in CO2 partial pressure between surface seawater (pCO2SW) and the overlying atmosphere. To infer the seasonal variability of global net air-sea CO2 fluxes over the last three decades, we derived the optimum subannual relationships between pCO2SW and the sea surface temperature (SST). These optimum subannual relationships accounted for the variations between pCO2SW and SST and showed significantly better correlations than previous relationships with fixed monthly boundaries. The derived algorithms were then applied to high-resolution SST data to yield changes in pCO2SW on a monthly basis. The pCO2SW values were also combined with a gas transfer velocity estimate derived from high resolution wind products to estimate seasonal fluxes. The seasonal fluxes that are calculated with a three- to six-month lag from real-time can be obtained at http://cwcgom.aoml.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/aomlcarbonfluxes.graph. Here, we describe in detail the procedures and uncertainties of this product.
Download or read book Ocean Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles written by Peter S. Liss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.
Download or read book Sensitivity of Global Sea Air Co2 Flux to Gas Transfer Algorithms Climatological Wind Speeds and Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-16 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensitivity analyses of sea-air CO2 flux to gas transfer algorithms, climatological wind speeds, sea surface temperatures (SST) and salinity (SSS) were conducted for the global oceans and selected regional domains. Large uncertainties in the global sea-air flux estimates are identified due to different gas transfer algorithms, global climatological wind speeds, and seasonal SST and SSS data. The global sea-air flux ranges from -0.57 to -2.27 Gt/yr, depending on the combination of gas transfer algorithms and global climatological wind speeds used. Different combinations of SST and SSS global fields resulted in changes as large as 35% on the oceans global sea-air flux. An error as small as plus or minus 0.2 in SSS translates into a plus or minus 43% deviation on the mean global CO2 flux. This result emphasizes the need for highly accurate satellite SSS observations for the development of remote sensing sea-air flux algorithms.McClain, Charles R. and Signorini, SergioGoddard Space Flight CenterALGORITHMS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATOLOGY; SALINITY; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WIND VELOCITY; OCEANOGRAPHY; GASES; FLUX QUANTIZATION; ERRORS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; AIR WATER INTERACTIONS
Download or read book Air Sea Exchange Physics Chemistry and Dynamics written by G.L. Geernaert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1980's a wealth of information was reported from field and laboratory experiments in order to validate andlor modify various aspects of the surface layer Monin-Obukhov (M-O) similarity theory for use over the sea, and to introduce and test new concepts related to high resolution flux magnitudes and variabilities. For example, data from various field experiments conducted on the North Sea, Lake Ontario, and the Atlantic experiments, among others, yielded information on the dependence of the flux coefficients on wave state. In all field projects, the usual criteria for satisfying M-O similarity were applied. The assumptions of stationarity and homogeneity was assumed to be relevant over both small and large scales. In addition, the properties of the outer layer were assumed to be "correlated" with properties of the surface layer. These assumptions generally required that data were averaged for spatial footprints representing scales greater than 25 km (or typically 30 minutes or longer for typical windspeeds). While more and more data became available over the years, and the technology applied was more reliable, robust, and durable, the flux coefficients and other turbulent parameters still exhibited significant unexplained scatter. Since the scatter did not show sufficient reduction over the years to meet customer needs, in spite of improved technology and heavy financial investments, one could only conclude that perhaps the use of similarity theory contained too many simplifications when applied to environments which were more complicated than previously thought.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Nordic Seas written by Burton G. Hurdle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " ... as soon as one has traversed the greater part of the wild sea, one comes upon such a huge quantity of ice that nowhere in the whole world has the like been known." "This ice is of a wonderful nature. It lies at times quite still, as one would expect, with openings or large fjords in it; but sometimes its movement is so strong and rapid as to equal that of a ship running before the wind, and it drifts against the wind as often as with it." Kongespeilet - 1250 A.D. ("The Mirror of Kings") Modern societies require increasing amounts influence on the water mass and on the resulting of scientific information about the environment total environment of the region; therefore, cer tain of its characteristics will necessarily be in whieh they live and work. For the seas this information must describe the air above the sea, included.
Download or read book Earth Science and Applications from Space written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-01 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural and human-induced changes in Earth's interior, land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, and oceans affect all aspects of life. Understanding these changes requires a range of observations acquired from land-, sea-, air-, and space-based platforms. To assist NASA, NOAA, and USGS in developing these tools, the NRC was asked to carry out a "decadal strategy" survey of Earth science and applications from space that would develop the key scientific questions on which to focus Earth and environmental observations in the period 2005-2015 and beyond, and present a prioritized list of space programs, missions, and supporting activities to address these questions. This report presents a vision for the Earth science program; an analysis of the existing Earth Observing System and recommendations to help restore its capabilities; an assessment of and recommendations for new observations and missions for the next decade; an examination of and recommendations for effective application of those observations; and an analysis of how best to sustain that observation and applications system.
Download or read book Air sea CO2 Exchange Coefficient Determination Using Satellite Wind Speeds written by J. Boutin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Water and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes at the Earth s Surface written by Meghan F. Cronin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-03 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stability Dependent Exchange Coefficients for Air Sea Fluxes written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study introduces exchange coefficients for wind stress (C(sub D)), latent heat flux (C(sub L), and sensible heat flux (C(sub S)) over the global ocean. They are obtained from the state-of-the-art Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) bulk algorithm (version 3.0). Using the exchange coefficients from this bulk scheme, C(sub D), C(sub L), and C(sub s) are then expressed as simple polynomial functions of air-sea temperature difference (T(sub a)-T(sub s)) where air temperature (T(sub a)) is at 10 m, wind speed (V(sub a)) is at 10 m, and relative humidity (RH) is at the air-sea interface-to parameterize stability. The advantage of using polynomial based exchange coefficients is that they do not require any iterations for stability. In addition, they agree with results from the COARE algorithm but at ~5 times lower computation cost, an advantage that is particularly needed for ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) and climate models running at high horizontal resolution and short time steps. The effects of any water vapor flux in calculating the exchange coefficients are taken into account in the polynomial functions, a feature that is especially important at low wind speeds (e.g., V(sub a)
Download or read book Development and Use of Satellite derived Sea surface Temperature Data for the Nearshore North Pacific and Arctic Oceans written by Meredith C. Payne and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quantification and description of sea surface temperature (SST) is critically important because it can influence the distribution, migration, and invasion of marine species; furthermore, SSTs are expected to be affected by climate change. Recent research indicates that there has been a warming trend in ocean temperatures over the last 50 years. Hence, we sought to identify and demonstrate how a particularly germane SST dataset can be used within the scope of global climate change research. For this project we assembled a 29-year nearshore time series of mean monthly SSTs along the North Pacific coastline, as well as mean monthly SSTs for ice-free regions of the Arctic, using remotely-sensed satellite data collected with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument. By providing detailed information concerning both dataset generation and data limitations, we aimed to make these data comprehensible to an expanded audience concentrating on life sciences rather than the traditionally physical science-based community. Furthermore, by making these data freely and publically available in multiple formats, including GIS (geographic information systems) layers, we expand their visibility and the extent of their use. We then used the dataset to describe SST patterns of nearshore (
Download or read book Abstracts for the AGU Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Satellite derived Climatology of Global Ocean Winds written by Craig Miller Risien and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A satellite-derived Climatology of Global Ocean Winds (COGOW) on a 0.5° latitude by 0.5° latitude grid is presented based on 5-years (August 1999 July 2004) of measurements from the SeaWinds scatterometer that was launched on 19 June 1999 onboard the QuikSCAT satellite. SeaWinds is an active microwave radar that estimates wind speed and direction from measurements of electromagnetic backscatter from the wind roughened ocean surface. The accuracy of these wind estimates is equivalent to that of measurements by well-calibrated buoys. This five-year climatology provides the first high spatial resolution, observationally based, online atlas of global ocean winds. COGOW is a web-based interactive atlas from which users can retrieve climatological wind maps as well as wind statistics, both in tabular and graphic form, for any particular region of interest. The global coverage of these data provides valuable information about the wind statistics in the many regions of the world ocean that are sparsely sampled by ships and buoys. An example of one of the anticipated uses of this climatology is presented in a case study of NOAA OR & R's involvement in the recovery of Ehime Maru, a Japanese training and fishing vessel that sank in 2001 off the island of Oahu. In addition, four wind phenomena observable within COGOW are discussed: the South Asian Monsoon, evidence of air-sea interaction over the Aguihas Return Current, gap winds in Central America, and corner accelerations south of Greenland as well as off the southern and northern tips of Madagascar. The possible utility of COGOW is discussed with regard to operational communities such as the U.S. and Canadian Coast Guard search and rescue teams as well as the scientific research community. Finally, recommendations for extensions that could be included in future versions of COGOW are made.
Download or read book Global Climate Change written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 2002 Ocean Sciences Meeting written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
