Download or read book Using Genetics and Genomics for the Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of human cells into malignant derivatives is driven by the aberrant function of genes that positively and negatively regulate various aspects of the cancer phenotype, including altered responses to mitogenic and cytostatic signals, resistance to programmed cell death, immortalization, neoangiogenesis, and invasion and metastasis(1). The integrity of these gene functions is compromised by substantial genetic and epigenetic alterations observed in most cancer cell genomes. To understand the tumorigenic process, it is imperative to identify and characterize the genes that provide tumor cells with the capabilities requisite for their initiation and progression. However, the identities of those genes that contribute to the tumor phenotype are often concealed by the frequent alterations in genes that play no role in tumorigenesis. Identifying genes that restrain tumorigenesis (tumor suppressors) has proven especially challenging due to their recessive nature. Further complicating their discovery are the multifaceted mechanisms by which tumor suppressor genes are inactivated including changes in copy number and structure, point mutations, and epigenetic alterations(2). Moreover, the mechanisms by which tumor suppressor genes are inhibited may vary between tumors. With this in mind, a variety of molecular and cytogenetic technologies have been used to establish extensive catalogs of genetic alterations within human cancers(3,4). And while it is generally accepted that highly recurrent aberrations signify changes that are important for tumor development, the causal perturbations underlying tumor genesis are often confounded by the extensive size of alterations and the large number that are incidental to the tumor phenotypes. As such, new strategies to delineate genes with functional relevance to tumor initiation and development are essential to understanding these processes.

Download or read book Mammography and Beyond written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-23 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year more than 180,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in women in the U.S. If cancer is detected when small and local, treatment options are less dangerous, intrusive, and costly-and more likely to lead to a cure. Yet those simple facts belie the complexity of developing and disseminating acceptable techniques for breast cancer diagnosis. Even the most exciting new technologies remain clouded with uncertainty. Mammography and Beyond provides a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on the state of breast cancer screening and diagnosis and recommends steps for developing the most reliable breast cancer detection methods possible. This book reviews the dramatic expansion of breast cancer awareness and screening, examining the capabilities and limitations of current and emerging technologies for breast cancer detection and their effectiveness at actually reducing deaths. The committee discusses issues including national policy toward breast cancer detection, roles of public and private agencies, problems in determining the success of a technique, availability of detection methods to specific populations of women, women's experience during the detection process, cost-benefit analyses, and more. Examining current practices and specifying research and other needs, Mammography and Beyond will be an indispensable resource to policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, researchers, women's health advocates, and concerned women and their families.

Download or read book Cancer Genomics for the Clinician written by Ramaswamy Govindan, MD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2019-01-28 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer Genomics for the Clinician is a practical guide to cancer genomics and its application to cancer diagnosis and care. The book begins with a brief overview of the various types of genetic alterations that are encountered in cancer, followed by accessible and applicable information on next generation sequencing technology and bioinformatics; tumor heterogeneity; whole genome, exome, and transcriptome sequencing; epigenomics; and data analysis and interpretation. Each chapter provides essential explanations of concepts, terminology, and methods. Also included are tips for interpreting and analyzing molecular data, as well as a discussion of molecular predictors for targeted therapies covering hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The final chapter explains the use of FDA-approved genomic-based targeted therapies for breast cancer, lung cancer, sarcomas, gastrointestinal cancers, urologic cancers, head and neck cancer, thyroid cancer, and many more. Assembled in an accessible format specifically designed for the non-expert, this book provides the clinical oncologist, early career practitioner, and trainee with an essential understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of cancer and the clinical aspects that have led to advancements in diagnosis and treatment. With this resource, physicians and trainees will increase their breadth of knowledge and be better equipped to educate patients and families who want to know more about their genetic predispositions to cancer and the targeted therapies that could be considered and prescribed. Key Features: Describes how cancer genomics and next generation sequencing informs cancer screening, risk factors, therapeutic options, and clinical management across cancer types Explains what mutations are, what tests are needed, and how to interpret the results Provides information on FDA-approved targeted therapies that are being used in the clinic Covers different sequencing platforms and technologies and how they perform in research settings Includes access to the fully searchable eBook

Download or read book Understanding Breast Cancer Genetics written by Barbara T. Zimmerman and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book by a scientist whose background is in cellular and molecular biology examines the fearsome disease that strikes one in eight women in the United States. Although women are more likely to die of heart disease or of lung cancer, a diagnosis of breast cancer is the medical pronouncement that a woman is most likely to fear. It kills more than 40,000 Americans annually. Why are some women more vulnerable than others? The interplay between genetics and environment is suspected. Thus this book for general readers will help them understand the genetic basis of both sporadic and inherited breast cancers. Although only five to ten percent of breast cancer patients have inherited mutations in these genes, all women need to understand the genetic implications of the disease. In clear, concise language Barbara T. Zimmerman guides the reader through the complexities, discussing in detail the genes that are known to increase susceptibility and the ways they are passed on. Examining the general biology of breast cancer, Zimmerman describes how sporadic and inherited forms of the disease arise and how the location of the tumors can affect the body. She discusses genetic mutations and their roles in the development of tumors and tells how these potentially cancer-inducing genes were discovered. Covered too are the issues of risk, prevention, screening, diagnosis, therapy, and genetic testing and counseling. Zimmerman concludes with a comprehensive analysis of current research and with an emphasis on how a woman's understanding of inherited breast cancer can help doctors seeking to design better methods for prevention and therapy. A useful list of resources for further information about the genetic causes of breast cancer is included.

Download or read book Cancer Genomics written by Graham Dellaire and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer Genomics addresses how recent technological advances in genomics are shaping how we diagnose and treat cancer. Built on the historical context of cancer genetics over the past 30 years, the book provides a snapshot of the current issues and state-of-the-art technologies used in cancer genomics. Subsequent chapters highlight how these approaches have informed our understanding of hereditary cancer syndromes and the diagnosis, treatment and outcome in a variety of adult and pediatric solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The dramatic increase in cancer genomics research and ever-increasing availability of genomic testing are not without significant ethical issues, which are addressed in the context of the return of research results and the legal considerations underlying the commercialization of genomic discoveries. Finally, the book concludes with "Future Directions", examining the next great challenges to face the field of cancer genomics, namely the contribution of non-coding RNAs to disease pathogenesis and the interaction of the human genome with the environment. Tools such as sidebars, key concept summaries, a glossary, and acronym and abbreviation definitions make this book highly accessible to researchers from several fields associated with cancer genomics. Contributions from thought leaders provide valuable historical perspective to relate the advances in the field to current technologies and literature.

Download or read book Essentials of Cancer Genomic Computational Approaches and Precision Medicine written by Nosheen Masood and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-20 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concisely describes the role of omics in precision medicine for cancer therapies. It outlines our current understanding of cancer genomics, shares insights into the process of oncogenesis, and discusses emerging technologies and clinical applications of cancer genomics in prognosis and precision-medicine treatment strategies. It then elaborates on recent advances concerning transcriptomics and translational genomics in cancer diagnosis, clinical applications, and personalized medicine in oncology. Importantly, it also explains the importance of high-performance analytics, predictive modeling, and system biology in cancer research. Lastly, the book discusses current and potential future applications of pharmacogenomics in clinical cancer therapy and cancer drug development.

Download or read book Cancer Genetics and Genomics for Personalized Medicine written by Il-Jin Kim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-04-11 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers almost all fields of cancer genetics and genomics for personalized medicine. Targeted therapy, or precision medicine, or personalized medicine is becoming a standard treatment for many diseases, including cancer. However, how much do we know about the personalized medicine approach? This lucid book helps undergraduate and graduate students, professional researchers, and clinicians to better understand the key concept of personalized medicine. The most up-to-date topics on personalized medicine in this book cover the recent trends in and updates on lung, gastric, liver, breast, and other types of cancers. Circulating tumor cell, cell-free circulating DNA, and microRNAs are discussed as new diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer. The avatar mouse model is also discussed for maximizing treatment efficacy and prognosis prediction, and so is microenvironment as a drug resistance mechanism. With classical and new pathological approaches, the book provides a systemic overview of personalized immunotherapies and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, followed by new emerging fields of hereditary cancer, thereby equipping readers to eventually contribute in developing more advanced tools and therapies for curing cancer.

Download or read book Current Advances in Breast Cancer Research A Molecular Approach written by Shankar Suman and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer is a recognized disease around the world with varying patient outcomes based on the type of breast cancer, access to healthcare and other factors. Survival rates for breast cancer are significantly lower in metastatic cases than localized cases. Early diagnosis and effective treatments for the efficient management of breast cancer are now in demand , as they help to prolong patient life. There have been many breakthrough developments in the molecular biology of breast cancer research in recent times. Advancements in diagnostic techniques (imaging and biomarker detection) for breast cancer have improved the screening of the disease and have improved patient outcomes. Despite these enhancements, the disease is still lethal for patients and the search for a cure requires a complete understanding of the disease. Current Advances in Breast Cancer Research: A Molecular Approach presents a comprehensive overview of current basic and translational research on the subject. The 14 chapters of the book give emphasis to current knowledge about breast cancer, ongoing challenges, and innovative research findings by different research groups. Readers will find detailed information about breast cancer biology, genetics, clinical diagnostics and treatments. Additional information for advanced readers in life sciences, such as techniques relevant to genomics (including genetic fingerprinting), proteomics, metabolomics and medicine (such as imaging and molecular diagnostics) is also provided. The combination of both basic and advanced information makes this book a useful reference to the student and researcher, alike, seeking an understanding about breast cancer at a molecular level.

Download or read book Breast Cancer in the Post Genomic Era written by Antonio Giordano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-22 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast Cancer is the most common tumor in women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Due to breakthroughs in gene profiling, the knowledge of the pathophysiology of the mammary gland had greatly increased over the last decade. In Breast Cancer in the Post Genomic Era, Antonio Giordano, Nicola Normanno, and a panel of international authorities in their field provide a comprehensive approach to the biology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human breast carcinoma. The book provides a comprehensive approach to breast cancer, describing the use of gene profiling techniques to distinguish specific features of individual carcinomas, as well as emerging novel therapeutic approaches to treatment. Additional chapters cover the use of transgenic mice to model human breast cancer and the role of the EGF-CFC family in mammary gland development and neoplasia. Breast Cancer in the Post Genomic-Era succeeds in looking at breast cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment under a more comprehensive light, and is a valuable resource for any Radiation or Surgical Oncologist, Cancer Biologist or Pathologist.

Download or read book Cancer Genomics written by Moamen Bydoun and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Although early diagnosis, outcome prediction and treatment options are the ultimate objectives when assessing breast cancer patients, the methodology behind this clinical assessment varies and has gradually evolved from using standard clinical criteria into incorporating high-throughput genome-wide analysis. Early methods involved evaluating tumor size and spread as well as histological assessment (tumor grade). Later, the expression of hormone/growth receptors (ER, PR, and HER2) was added to the standard stratification of breast cancer patients. More recently, molecular approaches, which are based on the expression of a well-defined set of genes, have subdivided patients into five clinically relevant subtypes which not only predict prognosis and dictate treatment choice but also complement standard assessment. The advent of genome-wide analysis has produced the most robust classification system of breast cancers by coupling specific genetic aberrations (single nucleotide mutations and gene copy number variations) with gene expression profiles. Although these genome-wide approaches offer a promising future for breast cancer prognosis and treatment options, they are still not clinically feasible for standard population-based screening. Nonetheless, these approaches are becoming faster and more reliable in understanding the molecular architecture of breast cancer and are slowly paving the way towards personalized treatments which are tailored to individual patients. In the light of a rapidly evolving field of breast cancer genomics, this chapter highlights key standard and upcoming approaches for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment and discusses the feasibility of genome-oriented personalized treatments.

Download or read book Cancer Genomics written by Ulrich Pfeffer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combination of molecular biology, engineering and bioinformatics has revolutionized our understanding of cancer revealing a tight correlation of the molecular characteristics of the primary tumor in terms of gene expression, structural alterations of the genome, epigenetics and mutations with its propensity to metastasize and to respond to therapy. It is not just one or a few genes, it is the complex alteration of the genome that determines cancer development and progression. Future management of cancer patients will therefore rely on thorough molecular analyses of each single case. Through this book, students, researchers and oncologists will obtain a comprehensive picture of what the first ten years of cancer genomics have revealed. Experts in the field describe, cancer by cancer, the progress made and its implications for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer. The deep impact on the clinics and the challenge for future translational research become evident.

Download or read book Genomic Approaches for Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of human cells into malignant derivatives is driven by the aberrant function of genes that positively and negatively regulate various aspects of the cancer phenotype, including altered responses to mitogenic and cytostatic signals, resistance to programmed cell death, immortalization, neoangiogenesis, and invasion and metastasis (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2000). The integrity of these gene functions is compromised by substantial genetic and epigenetic alterations observed in most cancer cell genomes. To understand the tumorigenic process, it is imperative to identify and characterize the genes that provide tumor cells with the capabilities requisite for their initiation and progression. However, the identities of those genes that contribute to the tumor phenotype are often concealed by the frequent alterations in genes that play no role in tumorigenesis. Identifying genes that restrain tumorigenesis (tumor suppressors) has proven especially challenging due to their recessive nature. Further complicating their discovery are the multifaceted mechanisms by which tumor suppressor genes are inactivated including changes in copy number and structure, point mutations, and epigenetic alterations (Balmain et al., 2003). Moreover, the mechanisms by which tumor suppressor genes are inhibited may vary between tumors. With this in mind, a variety of molecular and cytogenetic technologies have been used to establish extensive catalogs of genetic alterations within human cancers (Albertson et al., 2003; Futreal et al., 2004). And while it is generally accepted that highly recurrent aberrations signify changes that are important for tumor development, the causal perturbations underlying tumor genesis are often confounded by the extensive size of alterations and the large number that are incidental to the tumor phenotypes. As such, new strategies to delineate genes with functional relevance to tumor initiation and development are essential to understanding.

Download or read book Targeted Therapies for Lung Cancer written by Ravi Salgia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contextualizes translational research and provides an up to date progress report on therapies that are currently being targeted in lung cancer. It is now well established that there is tremendous heterogeneity among cancer cells both at the inter- and intra-tumoral level. Further, a growing body of work highlights the importance of targeted therapies and personalized medicine in treating cancer patients. In contrast to conventional therapies that are typically administered to the average patient regardless of the patient’s genotype, targeted therapies are tailored to patients with specific traits. Nonetheless, such genetic changes can be disease-specific and/or target specific; thus, the book addresses these issues manifested in the somatically acquired genetic changes of the targeted gene. Each chapter is written by a leading medical oncologist who specializes in thoracic oncology and is devoted to a particular target in a specific indication. Contributors provide an in-depth review of the literature covering the mechanisms underlying signaling, potential cross talk between the target and downstream signaling, and potential emergence of drug resistance.

Download or read book Genetics and Epigenetics of Breast Cancer written by Madhumita Roy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-10 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the contribution of genetics and epigenetics alterations in the initiation, development, and recurrence of breast cancer. It also reviews the potential of translating the epigenetic alterations into diagnosis, prognosis, and breast cancer therapy. The initial chapters explore the epigenetics, etiology, and conventional treatment strategies for breast cancer. The subsequent chapters discuss the genetic landscape and cover three main epigenetic modulation mechanisms; histone modification, DNA methylation, and miRNA silencing. Further, the book explores the potential of epigenetic drugs in treating breast cancer. Lastly, it covers the phytochemicals targeting epigenetic modulators in breast cancer treatment. This book is an essential source for researchers and practitioners interested in exploring the potential of epigenetics modulators in breast cancer treatment. ​

Download or read book Precision Cancer Medicine written by Sameek Roychowdhury and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic sequencing technologies have augmented the classification of cancer beyond tissue of origin and towards a molecular taxonomy of cancer. This has created opportunities to guide treatment decisions for individual patients with cancer based on their cancer’s unique molecular characteristics, also known as precision cancer medicine. The purpose of this text will be to describe the contribution and need for multiple disciplines working together to deliver precision cancer medicine. This entails a multi-disciplinary approach across fields including molecular pathology, computational biology, clinical oncology, cancer biology, drug development, genetics, immunology, and bioethics. Thus, we have outlined a current text on each of these fields as they work together to overcome various challenges and create opportunities to deliver precision cancer medicine. As trainees and junior faculty enter their respective fields, this text will provide a framework for understanding the role and responsibility for each specialist to contribute to this team science approach.

Download or read book Fast Facts Comprehensive Genomic Profiling written by Bernardo L. Rapoport and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2020-10-20 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is a multifaceted disease in which genetic changes induce uncontrolled tumor growth. Genomic characterization of cancer is now leading to better diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and effective individualized management. 'Fast Facts: Comprehensive Genomic Profiling' provides a crash course in the science, methods and application of genomic profiling. Assuming only the most basic knowledge – or memory – of cell biology, the authors provide an overview of DNA and RNA biology and next-generation sequencing. This sets in context the descriptions of prognostic and predictive biomarkers for different cancer types and genomic-based treatments. Finally, but importantly, some of the practicalities of gaining and interpreting genomic information are described. Whether you need a primer or a refresher, this short colorful book demystifies this complex subject. Contents: • Genetic mutations and biomarkers • Understanding next-generation sequencing • Elements of comprehensive genomic profiles • Role in precision oncology • Predictive and prognostic biomarkers • Overcoming barriers to genotype-directed therapy

Download or read book Genome and Proteome in Oncology written by Fotini Tzortzatou Stathopoulou and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature of cancer disease, its probable causes, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which malignant tumours develop, have only recently begun to be understood in any appreciable detail. Cancer is fundamentally a disease of the genome, arising from dynamic changes occurring within DNA during the lifetime of the cell e.g. deletions, amplifications, point mutations, translocations, that can occur in any cell and that may interact in a variety of cellular pathways. The imbalance in the interplay between genetic and environmental factors can initiate malignancy. The determination of the human genome sequence is acclaimed as one of the great achievements made possible by the rapid progress in the available molecular biology tools achieved during the last few years. The sequence of the human genome promises to unveil invaluable information useful for the development of novel approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer disease. This book includes part of the work of international experts on the most up-to-date developments of various aspects of research on genome and proteome in oncology. The scientists suggest that the genetic key to human complexity lies not in the number of genes but in how gene parts are used to build different products in a process of the mRNA transcript called alternative splicing.