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Book Using Expert Opinion to Evaluate a Habitat Effectiveness Model for Elk in Western Oregon and Washington Classic Reprint

Download or read book Using Expert Opinion to Evaluate a Habitat Effectiveness Model for Elk in Western Oregon and Washington Classic Reprint written by Richard S. Holthausen and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-19 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Using Expert Opinion to Evaluate a Habitat Effectiveness Model for Elk in Western Oregon and Washington Habitat effectiveness models for elk are widely used by Federal land management agen cies in the Pacific Northwest (see footnote 1). The models for elk have not been validated? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book A Model to Evaluate Elk Habitat in Western Oregon

Download or read book A Model to Evaluate Elk Habitat in Western Oregon written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book examines international criminal law from a normative perspective and lays out how responsible agents, individuals and the collectives they comprise, ought to be held accountable to the world for the commission of atrocity. The author provides criteria for determining the kinds of actions that should be addressed through international criminal law. Additionally, it asks, and answers, how individual responsibility can be determined in the context of collectively perpetrated political crimes and whether an international criminal justice system can claim universality in a culturally plural world. The book also examines the function of international criminal law and finally considers how the goals and purposes of international law can best be institutionally supported. This book is of particular interest to a multidisciplinary academic audience in political science, philosophy, and law, however the book is written in clear jargon-free prose that is intended to render the arguments accessible to the non-specialist reader interested in global justice, human rights and international criminal law"--

Book Modeling Elk Nutrition and Habitat Use in Western Oregon and Washington

Download or read book Modeling Elk Nutrition and Habitat Use in Western Oregon and Washington written by Mary M. Rowland and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Refinement of the Arc Habcap Model to Predict Habitat Effectiveness for Elk

Download or read book Refinement of the Arc Habcap Model to Predict Habitat Effectiveness for Elk written by Lakhdar Benkobi and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife habitat modeling is increasingly important for managers who need to assess the effects of land management activities. We evaluated the performance of a spatially explicit deterministic habitat model (Arc-Habcap) that predicts habitat effectiveness for elk. We used five years of radio-telemetry locations of elk from Custer State Park (CSP), South Dakota, to test predicted habitat effectiveness by the model. Arc-Habcap forage and cover forage proximity components predicted elk distribution in CSP. However, the cover component failed to predict elk distribution in CSP. Habitat effectiveness calculated as the geometric mean of the model components failed to predict elk distribution and resulted in under-utilization of habitats predicted to be good and over-utilization of habitats predicted to be poor. We developed a new formula to calculate habitat effectiveness as an arithmetic average of the model components that weighted forage more than cover or cover-forage proximity. The new formula predicted actual elk distribution across categories of habitat effectiveness. Elk selected cover and forage areas 100 m from cover-forage edges. Arc-Habcap predicted that areas adjacent to roads were not usable by elk. Elk used areas adjacent to primary roads, but use was less than the proportional area comprised for primary roads, and about equal to proportional area adjacent to secondary roads and primitive roads. All sapling/pole and mature structural stages of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were considered as both forage and cover by Arc-Habcap and consequently considered optimal in the cover-forage model component. We suggested revisions for both the cover-forage proximity component and areas adjacent to roads.

Book Estimates of the Values of Elk in the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington

Download or read book Estimates of the Values of Elk in the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington written by Natalie A. Bolon and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Habitat Effectiveness Index for Elk on Blue Mountain Winter Ranges Classic Reprint

Download or read book Habitat Effectiveness Index for Elk on Blue Mountain Winter Ranges Classic Reprint written by Jack Ward Thomas and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Habitat Effectiveness Index for Elk on Blue Mountain Winter Ranges Hiding cover (thomas and others 1979, p. 109) was defined as vegetation capable of hiding 90 percent of a standing from the view of a human at a distance equal to or less than 61 meters (200 ft). Subsequent research (leckenby 1984) revealed that, where satisfactory or marginal thermal cover was available, elk use of hiding cover per se was less than availability would indicate. No data were collected during hunting seasons; use of such cover could have been more extensive then. Additional data suggest that a better model is attained by dividing cover into two classes-satisfactory and marginal. To avoid an argument over semantics, the term thermal has been dropped. Cover stands will be evaluated under whichever strue tural class they fit. Stands that fit neither satisfactory nor marginal cover definitions are called forage areas. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Effect of Broadcast Burning on the Quality of Winter Forage for Elk Westen Oregon

Download or read book The Effect of Broadcast Burning on the Quality of Winter Forage for Elk Westen Oregon written by Cheryl Ann Friesen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Roosevelt elk (Cervus elephus roosevelti) is a National Forest management indicator species on the westside of the Cascade mountains, Western Oregon. A Habitat Effectiveness model is used by State and Federal agencies to evaluate elk habitat in the region. Concerns about the model's lack of differentiation between winter and summer ranges in the analyses and assumptions that burning will increase forage quality on winter range prompted this study. I investigated the effect of broadcast burning, plant association, and time since disturbance on the quality of trailing blackberry (Rubus ulna), red huckleberry (Vaccinium parviflorum), willow (Salix spp.), vine maple (Acer circinatum), salal (Gaultheria shallon), and red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa). Crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid insoluble ash, lignin, astringency, condensed tannin, and hydrolyzable tannin contents were measured. No significant effects of burning, plant association, or age were observed for crude protein, hydrolyzable tannins, or neutral detergent fiber. Crude protein varied among taxa: trailing blackberry contained 9.65%, and the other taxa ranged from 5.21-7.24%. Neutral detergent fiber was highly variable: trailing blackberry contained 30.90%, and the other taxa ranged from 52.20%-65.06%. Acid detergent fiber content ranged from 44.88%-49.49% for all taxa except trailing blackberry (17.78%). Lignin varied among taxa: trailing blackberry had the lowest content (6.37%) and salal had the highest (30.25%). Lignin content in salal was greater on recently disturbed sites. Astringency ranged from 0.0015 mg protein precipitated per mg plant tissue in vine maple to 0.6737 in trailing blackberry. Salal and willow had intermediate astringencies: elderberry, huckleberry, and vine maple had the lowest. Hydrolyzable tannins were present in all species except red elderberry. Burning and plant association effected astringency and condensed tannin content in trailing blackberry and huckleberry. Samples from burned, very dry and resource-poor sites had higher astringencies than on similar unburned units and non-resource-limiting sites. Condensed tannin contents increased with unit age in salal, huckleberry, and trailing blackberry, possibly accumulating during peak years of re-establishment after disturbance. Vine maple and red huckleberry were the only taxa with positive digestible protein levels. Digestible protein content may be higher in winter forage on less severe sites. Elk forage enhancement in winter range should be evaluated on a site-specific basis. Burning did not promote a detectable increase in quality for these forage taxa, and it decreased the quality of species sensitive to site conditions.

Book The Delphi Method

Download or read book The Delphi Method written by Ervin G. Schuster and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-18 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Delphi Method: Application to Elk Habitat Quality Delphi is not a panacea for all information woes. Indeed, there are instances where Delphi is inappropriate or where some other technique may be preferable. But Delphi does hold the promise of being able to provide quality information over a wide range of topics impor tant to natural resource managers. The biggest impedi ment to application of Delphi may well be its lack of exposure. Resource managers are simply unacquainted with it. This paper reports on the results of a study designed both to gather important information through Delphi and to evaluate several key features of the Delphi proc ess. We intend to present. Information developed, and also describe and discuss Delphi so as to make resource managers more comfortable with it, aware of its poten tial, and willing to consider it along with other informa tion gathering tools. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Wildlife Habitat in Western Oregon and Washington and Northwestern California Forests Chiefly for Blacktail Deer and Roosevelt Elk 1930 65

Download or read book Wildlife Habitat in Western Oregon and Washington and Northwestern California Forests Chiefly for Blacktail Deer and Roosevelt Elk 1930 65 written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The North American Model of Wildlife Conservation

Download or read book The North American Model of Wildlife Conservation written by Shane P. Mahoney and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The foremost experts on the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation come together to discuss its role in the rescue, recovery, and future of our wildlife resources. At the end of the nineteenth century, North America suffered a catastrophic loss of wildlife driven by unbridled resource extraction, market hunting, and unrelenting subsistence killing. This crisis led powerful political forces in the United States and Canada to collaborate in the hopes of reversing the process, not merely halting the extinctions but returning wildlife to abundance. While there was great understanding of how to manage wildlife in Europe, where wildlife management was an old, mature profession, Continental methods depended on social values often unacceptable to North Americans. Even Canada, a loyal colony of England, abandoned wildlife management as practiced in the mother country and joined forces with like-minded Americans to develop a revolutionary system of wildlife conservation. In time, and surviving the close scrutiny and hard ongoing debate of open, democratic societies, this series of conservation practices became known as the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation. In this book, editors Shane P. Mahoney and Valerius Geist, both leading authorities on the North American Model, bring together their expert colleagues to provide a comprehensive overview of the origins, achievements, and shortcomings of this highly successful conservation approach. This volume • reviews the emergence of conservation in late nineteenth–early twentieth century North America • provides detailed explorations of the Model's institutions, principles, laws, and policies • places the Model within ecological, cultural, and socioeconomic contexts • describes the many economic, social, and cultural benefits of wildlife restoration and management • addresses the Model's challenges and limitations while pointing to emerging opportunities for increasing inclusivity and optimizing implementation Studying the North American experience offers insight into how institutionalizing policies and laws while incentivizing citizen engagement can result in a resilient framework for conservation. Written for wildlife professionals, researchers, and students, this book explores the factors that helped fashion an enduring conservation system, one that has not only rescued, recovered, and sustainably utilized wildlife for over a century, but that has also advanced a significant economic driver and a greater scientific understanding of wildlife ecology. Contributors: Leonard A. Brennan, Rosie Cooney, James L. Cummins, Kathryn Frens, Valerius Geist, James R. Heffelfinger, David G. Hewitt, Paul R. Krausman, Shane P. Mahoney, John F. Organ, James Peek, William Porter, John Sandlos, James A. Schaefer