Download or read book USING DENTAL METRIC ANALYSIS TO UNDERSTAND PREHISTORIC POPULATION VARIABILITY ON THE NORTH CAROLINA COASTAL PLAIN written by Kara Danielle Weidner and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodistance studies can quantify intra- and inter- population relatedness through non-metric and metric skeletal variables. In this study, dental metric traits of two linguistically distinct Late Woodland (AD 800-1650) populations, the Algonquian and Tuscarora-speaking groups within the North Carolina coastal regions, were assessed to determine if presumed linguistic barriers led to a reduced gene flow. Previous research by Kakaliouras (2003) and Killgrove (2002) using cranial and dental non-metric traits identified few significant differences in frequencies of these traits between the Algonquian and Tuscarora, suggesting little genetic differentiation between the two groups. This research used the dental metrics of 170 Algonquian and 53 Tuscarora individuals found that the Algonquians had significantly more variation in only the canine buccolingual measurement (CBL) (Levene's F=8.6644; p=0.0049). The Tuscarora had significantly more variation in the first premolar mesiodistal measurement (PM1MD) (Levene's F=65.5607; p[less than]0.0001) but otherwise identified no overall significant differences in variation (Van Valen Z=1.45012, p=0.1470). These results largely agree with other studies that utilized various cranial and dental non-metric traits, and indicate that genetic dissimilarity did not follow that of language variability. Furthermore, one site linguistically categorized as Tuscarora but which shows a mixture of Algonquian and Tuscarora culturally-affiliated artifacts, was distinguished as Algonquian in all ten measurements, including the PM1MD (t=-1.99254, p=0.0085), first molar buccolingual measurement (M1BL) (t=1.99254, p=0.0124) and first molar mesiodistal measurement (M1MD) (t=1.99354, p=0.0120).
Download or read book Foraging Farming and Coastal Biocultural Adaptation in Late Prehistoric North Carolina written by Dale L. Hutchinson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A fascinating picture of human adaptation in an area of North America that has been studied primarily by archaeologists . . . [that] provides a new understanding of the responses in health and lifeways in a coastal setting, showing especially the very localized nature of food choices and resource acquisition."--Clark S. Larsen, Ohio State University "This thoughtful integration of archaeological, historical, ecological, and human bioarchaeological data provides a significant new perspective on the biological costs and benefits of Middle and Late Woodland coastal adaptations in North Carolina. By contrasting inner and outer coastal plain communities in terms of specific features of their dietary regimes, subsistence activities, and patterns of skeletal development and pathology, Hutchinson reveals a breadth of successful adaptive variations hitherto obscured by generalized summaries of Late Prehistoric Native American lifeways in the mid-Atlantic region."--Mary Lucas Powell, University of Kentucky Dale Hutchinson provides a detailed bioarchaeological analysis exploring human adaptation in the estuary zone of North Carolina and the influence of coastal foraging during the late prehistoric transition to agriculture. He draws on observations of human skeletal remains to look at nutrition, disease, physical activity, morbidity, and mortality of coastal populations, focusing particularly on changes in nutrition and health associated with the move from foraging to farming. Hutchinson confronts the prevailing notion of a universal agricultural transition by documenting a more variable and complex process of change. Among his notable findings is that skeletal and dental markers long accepted as indicators of corn consumption in fact occur more frequently among coastal foragers than among interior agriculturalists. His research shows that men and women differed not only in their economic roles but in their diets as well, and that outer coastal populations continued to rely on maritime resources without the adoption of corn after A.D. 800, a reliance that almost surely influenced their evolving lifestyle. None of the data in the book has been published previously, and Hutchinson is generous with tables, figures, and appendixes that contribute significantly to the clarity of his interpretations. The combination of original data, well-supported interpretation, and the breadth of evidence from many categories significantly advances our anthropological understanding of the lives of these first North Carolinians. Dale L. Hutchinson is associate professor of anthropology at East Carolina University.
Download or read book Ancient DNA in North America and the Effects of Migration on Prehistoric Populations written by Meradeth Houston Snow and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ancient DNA analysis of the variation found within Native American populations was carried out to better understand the effects of population migration and demic diffusion on the distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and haplotypes. The Southwest was utilized to investigate the relationship of prehistoric populations within the Southwest and Mexico. A hypothesized migration into the Southwest of individuals from Mexico, bringing with them maize agriculture and the Uto-Aztecan language family, has been a longstanding hypothesis to explain these similarities between the two regions and, through analysis of the prehistoric occupants of the Southwest, a better understanding of this relationship was sought. Comparison with modern DNA revealed a direct link between past occupants of the Southwest and current populations in the region, however, and no direct link with Mexico was found. Chapter 1 represents the results from analysis of seventy-three individuals from the Tommy and Mine Canyon sites, located near Farmington, New Mexico. The results of my study of aDNA from these Pueblo II and Pueblo III sites, respectively, demonstrated that the haplogroup pattern currently seen in the Southwest was maintained at the Tommy Site, while the Mine Canyon Site was significantly different. However, the haplotype sequences from the Mine Canyon samples exhibited two derived mutations that are also found among the modern Zuni, and ancient Californian Chumash (Monroe, 2010). The possibility of migration both within the Southwest, and from Mexico, was addressed. Chapter 2 addresses the relationship of the aDNA results with the discrete dental traits analyzed by Kathy Durand in relation to intraregional migrations in the Southwest. Specifically, the timing of the proposed southward migration from the Mesa Verde region, as well as the proposal that groups moved into the Middle San Juan Region (where the Tommy and Mine Canyon sites are located) early in the twelfth century, were discussed. Chapter 3 turns to the Mimbres population during the Classic period (1000-1130AD), and their relationship to the Southwest as a whole, as well as to modern populations in the Southwest and Mexico. The Mimbres, while culturally distinct in the Mogollon region, are genetically similar to the rest of the Southwest in terms of its haplogroup frequencies, and shares haplotypes with the Ancestral Pueblo populations to the north. Chapter 4 presents the results from analysis of sixty-three samples from the late-prehistoric Arikara population of South Dakota. We found that they shared highly derived lineages with Algonquian and Siouan speaking groups and ancient lineages with Siouan and Cherokee populations, which is in keeping with the Macro-Siouan language hypothesis, which states that the Iroquois, Sioux, and Caddoan languages share a recent common ancestry.
Download or read book Time Before History written by H. Trawick Ward and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 1999 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the state's prehistory and archaeological discoveries
Download or read book The Early Bronze Age in Western Anatolia written by Laura K. Harrison and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together expert voices and key case studies from well-known and newly excavated sites, this book calls attention to the importance of western Anatolia as a legitimate, local context in its own right. The study of Early Bronze Age cultures in Europe and the Mediterranean has been shaped by a focus on the Levant, Europe, and Mesopotamia. Geographically, western Anatolia lies in between these regions, yet it is often overlooked because it doesn't fit neatly into existing explanatory models of Bronze Age cultural development and decline. Instead, the tendency has been to describe western Anatolia as a bridge between east and west, a place where ideas are transmitted and cultural encounters among different groups occur. This narrative has foregrounded discussions of outside innovations in the prehistory of the region while diminishing the role of local, endogenous developments and individual agency. The contributors to this book offer a counternarrative, ascribing a local impetus for change rather than a metanarrative of cultural diffusion. In doing so, they offer fresh observations about the chronology and delineation of regional cultural groups in western Anatolia; the architecture, settlement, and sociopolitical organization of the Early Bronze Age; and the local characteristics of material culture assemblages. Offering multiple authoritative studies on the archaeology of western Anatolia, this book is an essential resource for area research in western Anatolia, a key reference for comparative studies, and essential reading for college courses in the archaeology and anthropology of sociopolitical complexity, European and Mediterranean prehistory, and ancient Anatolia.
Download or read book Anthropological Perspectives on Tooth Morphology written by G. Richard Scott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This follow-up to The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth puts methods to use in interpreting human origins and affinities.
Download or read book Human Tooth Crown and Root Morphology written by G. Richard Scott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A valuable guide to scoring crown and root traits in human dentitions for ancestry estimation and biodistance analysis.
Download or read book The Foragers of Point Hope written by Charles E. Hilton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the edge of the Arctic Ocean, above the Arctic Circle, the prehistoric settlements at Point Hope, Alaska, represent a truly remarkable accomplishment in human biological and cultural adaptations. Presenting a set of anthropological analyses on the human skeletal remains and cultural material from the Ipiutak and Tigara archaeological sites, The Foragers of Point Hope sheds new light on the excavations from 1939–41, which provided one of the largest sets of combined biological and cultural materials of northern latitude peoples in the world. A range of material items indicated successful human foraging strategies in this harsh Arctic environment. They also yielded enigmatic artifacts indicative of complex human cultural life filled with dense ritual and artistic expression. These remnants of past human activity contribute to a crucial understanding of past foraging lifeways and offer important insights into the human condition at the extreme edges of the globe.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.
Download or read book The Environmental Implications of Population Dynamics written by Lori M. Hunter and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2000 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses the relationship between population and environmental change, the forces that mediate this relationship, and how population dynamics specifically affect climate change and land-use change.
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Time Typology and Point Traditions in North Carolina Archaeology written by I. Randolph Daniel and published by University Alabama Press. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reconsideration of the seminal projectile point typology In the 1964 landmark publication The Formative Cultures of the Carolina Piedmont, Joffre Coe established a projectile point typology and chronology that, for the first time, allowed archaeologists to identify the relative age of a site or site deposit based on the point types recovered there. Consistent with the cultural-historical paradigm of the day, the “Coe axiom” stipulated that only one point type was produced at one moment in time in a particular location. Moreover, Coe identified periods of “cultural continuity” and “discontinuity” in the chronology based on perceived similarities and differences in point styles through time. In Time, Typology, and Point Traditions in North Carolina Archaeology: Formative Cultures Reconsidered, I. Randolph Daniel Jr. reevaluates the Coe typology and sequence, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses. Daniel reviews the history of the projectile point type concept in the Southeast and revisits both Coe’s axiom and his notions regarding cultural continuity and change based on point types. In addition, Daniel updates Coe’s typology by clarifying or revising existing types and including types unrecognized in Coe’s monograph. Daniel also adopts a practice-centered approach to interpreting types and organizes them into several technological traditions that trace ancestral- descendent communities of practice that relate to our current understanding of North Carolina prehistory. Appealing to professional and avocational archaeologists, Daniel provides ample illustrations of points in the book as well as color versions on a dedicated website. Daniel dedicates a final chapter to a discussion of the ethical issues related to professional archaeologists using private artifact collections. He calls for greater collaboration between professional and avocational communities, noting the scientific value of some private collections.
Download or read book The Prehistory of North Carolina written by David Sutton Phelps and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys the archaeology of North Carolina's three major regions--the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont, and the Mountains. Discusses the history of archaeological research in the state and suggests future directions of study. Contributors include archaeologists Joffre L. Coe, David S. Phelps, Burton L. Purrington, and H. Trawick Ward.
Download or read book Dento Oro Craniofacial Anomalies and Genetics written by Agnes Bloch-Zupan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-03-21 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dental defects may be the physical expression of genetic defects, and so they can often be seen in a variety of syndromes associated with malformations of organs. However, dental defects are often not recognized, identified, nor characterised despite representing a possible diagnostic sign for an undiagnosed condition. This book addresses this gap by providing an understanding of dental genetics and its developmental biology counterpart. With approximately seventy well-illustrated examples, the authors present the clinical oro-facial manifestations accompanying various syndromes, providing the necessary knowledge for diagnostic purposes, as well as giving insight into recent development for each specific condition. The clarity and format of this book make it an ideal support guide both in the clinic and while conducting research. Comprehensive examination of dento/oro/craniofacial anomalies Well-illustrated examples Presented in a compact, easy to use format
Download or read book Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.
Download or read book Your Inner Fish written by Neil Shubin and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2008-01-15 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paleontologist and professor of anatomy who co-discovered Tiktaalik, the “fish with hands,” tells a “compelling scientific adventure story that will change forever how you understand what it means to be human” (Oliver Sacks). By examining fossils and DNA, he shows us that our hands actually resemble fish fins, our heads are organized like long-extinct jawless fish, and major parts of our genomes look and function like those of worms and bacteria. Your Inner Fish makes us look at ourselves and our world in an illuminating new light. This is science writing at its finest—enlightening, accessible and told with irresistible enthusiasm.
