Download or read book Use of Satellite Data to Estimate Regional Surface Energy Budget and Analysis of Lake Cover Impact Over Northern Canada written by Vahid Ikani and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earth Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Physics with Python written by Marco Bittelli and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative study presents concepts and problems in soil physics, and provides solutions using original computer programs. It provides a close examination of physical environments of soil, including an analysis of the movement of heat, water and gases. The authors employ the programminglanguage Python, which is now widely used for numerical problem solving in the sciences. In contrast to the majority of the literature on soil physics, this text focuses on solving, not deriving, differential equations for transport. Using numerical procedures to solve differential equations allowsthe solution of quite difficult problems with fairly simple mathematical tools. Numerical methods convert differential into algebraic equations, which can be solved using conventional methods of linear algebra. Each chapter introduces a soil physics concept, and proceeds to develop computer programsto solve the equations and illustrate the points made in the discussion.Problems at the end of each chapter help the reader practise using the concepts introduced. The text is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduates and researchers of soil physics. It employs an open source philosophy where computer code is presented, explained and discussed, and provides thereader with a full understanding of the solutions. Once mastered, the code can be adapted and expanded for the user's own models, fostering further developments. The Python tools provide a simple syntax, Object Oriented Programming techniques, powerful mathematical and numerical tools, and a userfriendly environment.
Download or read book Satellite Observations of Lake Surface State to Improve Weather Forecasting in a Lake rich Region written by Homa Kheyrollah Pour and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thermal and dynamic properties of water bodies are important factors affecting the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer which stores and transports energy and mass. The storage and heat transfer of lakes play an essential role in energy and water exchanges with the atmosphere. At high latitudes, the effects of lake ice on climate mostly occur at the local/regional scale, with the degree of influence dependent on the magnitude, timing, location, duration of ice cover and the size of the water body. Ground-based lake temperature and ice observations have been used to investigate the role of lakes in the weather and climate, and the response of lakes to climate. However, in the last two to three decades, it has been observed that the number of ground-based observations, lake ice in particular, has been decreasing dramatically in several countries across the northern hemisphere. In this context, remotely sensed earth observations represent a practical tool in support of the scientific and operational modeling communities, permitting to monitor Lake Surface Water Temperature (LSWT) and ice cover. Data assimilation methods have been used widely to solve the initial value problem in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. There is a variety of users and applications of space-borne observations in NWP systems; however, not much attention has been paid on the assimilation of remotely-sensed LSWT data in pre-operational NWP environments for improvement of the weather forecast using the optimal interpolation method. This thesis aimed to demonstrate how retrieved remotely-sensed LSWT observations can improve the representation of lake-atmosphere interactions in NWP models. More specifically, LSWT observations were used to improve the representation of lake surface state in the High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM), a three-dimensional numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. To attain this goal, satellite-derived LSWT observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) sensors onboard the Terra/Aqua and ENVISAT satellites, respectively, were first evaluated against in-situ measurements collected by the Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) for a selection of large to medium-size lakes during the open-water season. Results show a good agreement between MODIS and in-situ measurements from 22 Finnish lakes, with a mean bias of -1.13 °C determined over five open water seasons (2007-2011). Evaluation of MODIS during an overlapping period (2007-2009) with the AATSR-L2 product currently distributed by the European Space Agency (ESA) shows a mean bias error of -0.93 °C for MODIS and a warm mean bias of 1.08 °C for AATSR-L2. Two additional LSWT retrieval algorithms were applied to produce more accurate AATSR products. The algorithms use ESA's AATSR-L1B brightness temperature product to generate new L2 products: one based on Key et al. (1997) and the other on Prata (2002) with a finer resolution water mask than used in the creation of the AATSR-L2 product distributed by ESA. The accuracies of LSWT retrievals are improved with the Key and Prata algorithms with biases of 0.78 °C and -0.11 °C, respectively, compared to the original AATSR-L2 product (3.18 °C). The impact of remotely-sensed LSWT observations in the analysis of lake surface state of HIRLAM forecasting system was then investigated. Data assimilation experiments were performed with the HIRLAM model. Selected thermal remote-sensing LSWT observations provided by MODIS and AATSR sensors were included into the assimilation. The domain of the experiments, which focused on two winters (2010-2011 and 2011-2012), covered northern Europe. Validation of the resulting objective analyses against independent observations demonstrated that the description of the lake surface state can be improved by the introduction of space-borne LSWT observations, compared to the result of pure prognostic parameterizations or assimilation of the available limited number of in-situ lake temperature observations. Further development of the data assimilation methods and solving of several practical issues were found to be necessary in order to fully benefit from the space-borne observations of lake surface state for the improvement of the operational weather forecast. Lastly, the lake-specific autocorrelation function based on LSWT remotely sensed observations was approximated in HIRLAM. A new autocorrelation function of lake pairs was approximated and compared against the original function utilized in current version of HIRLAM to investigate potential improvements demonstrated through HIRLAM sensitivity experiments. The autocorrelation function is calculated based on distance and lake depth differences for each lake pairs. Results show that large lakes are more sensitive to the impact of the autocorrelation. These results also suggest that the high concentrated observations can improve the enhanced result; however, ground-based observations of LSWT are barely available for NWP applications. Overall, results from this thesis clearly demonstrate the benefits of assimilating space-borne LSWT observations into a weather forecasting system such as HIRLAM, and that comprehensive assimilation of LSWT observations can improve NWP results.
Download or read book Surface Climates of Canada written by Timothy R. Oke and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1998-01-15 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the opening chapters contributors lay out the large-scale context of the physical climate of Canada, introducing the processes, balances, and dynamic linkages between the surface and atmosphere that create and maintain the diversity of surface climates found in Canada as well as outlining the nature of the physical processes that operate near the ground's surface. Individual chapters are dedicated to snow and ice - the almost universal surface cover in Canada - and the other major natural surface environments of Canada: ocean and coastal zones, fresh water lakes, wetlands, arctic islands, low arctic and subarctic lands, forests, and alpine environments. The final part of the book considers those surface environments that have been strongly influenced by human activity, such as agricultural lands and urban environments, and examines the prospects for future climate change. Bringing together for the first time a wide range of scholarship by leading climatologists, The Surface Climates of Canada will be an indispensable tool for understanding Canada's surface climates and the processes responsible for their creation and control. Contributors include Brian D. Amiro (AECL), W.G. Bailey (Simon Fraser), Richard Bello (York), Terry J. Gillespie (Guelph), Barry E. Goodison (Atmospheric Environment Service), F. Kenneth Hare (emeritus professor, Toronto), L.D. Danny Harvey (Toronto), Owen Hertzman (Dalhousie), Peter M. Lafleur (Trent), J. Harry McCaughey (Queen's), Linda Mortsch (Environment Canada), R. Ted Munn (Toronto), D. Scott Munro (Toronto), Atsumu Ohmura (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Timothy R. Oke (UBC), John W. Pomeroy (Environment Canada), Alexander W. Robertson (Canadian Forest Service), Nigel T. Roulet (McGill), Wayne R. Rouse (McMaster), Ian R. Saunders (Simon Fraser), William M. Schertzer (Environment Canada), Hans-Peter Schmid (Indiana), David L. Spittlehouse (BC Ministry of Forests), Douw G. Steyn (UBC), John L. Walmsley (Atmospheric Environment Service), John D. Wilson (Alberta), Ming-Ko Woo (McMaster).
Download or read book Global Climate Change written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SIPRE Report written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earth Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system and announced in Scientific and technical aerospace reports (STAR) and International Aerospace Abstracts (IAA).
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Physical Hydrology written by S. Lawrence Dingman and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2015-01-09 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For twenty years, Lawrence Dingman’s well-written, comprehensive Physical Hydrology has set standards for balancing theoretical depth and breadth of applications. Rich in substance and written to meet the needs of future researchers and experts in the field, Dingman treats hydrology as a distinct geoscience that is continually expanding to deal with large-scale changes in land use and climate. The third edition provides a solid conceptual basis of the subject and introduces the quantitative relations involved in answering scientific and management questions about water resources. The text is organized around three principal themes: the basic concepts underlying the science of hydrology; the exchange of water and energy between the atmosphere and the earth’s surface; and the land phase of the hydrologic cycle. Dingman supplies the basic physical principles necessary for developing a sound, instructive sense of the way in which water moves on and through the land; in addition, he describes the assumptions behind each analytical approach and identifies the limitations of each.
Download or read book Comprehensive Remote Sensing written by Shunlin Liang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 3183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Remote Sensing, Nine Volume Set covers all aspects of the topic, with each volume edited by well-known scientists and contributed to by frontier researchers. It is a comprehensive resource that will benefit both students and researchers who want to further their understanding in this discipline. The field of remote sensing has quadrupled in size in the past two decades, and increasingly draws in individuals working in a diverse set of disciplines ranging from geographers, oceanographers, and meteorologists, to physicists and computer scientists. Researchers from a variety of backgrounds are now accessing remote sensing data, creating an urgent need for a one-stop reference work that can comprehensively document the development of remote sensing, from the basic principles, modeling and practical algorithms, to various applications. Fully comprehensive coverage of this rapidly growing discipline, giving readers a detailed overview of all aspects of Remote Sensing principles and applications Contains ‘Layered content’, with each article beginning with the basics and then moving on to more complex concepts Ideal for advanced undergraduates and academic researchers Includes case studies that illustrate the practical application of remote sensing principles, further enhancing understanding
Download or read book Earth Resources A Continuing Bibliography with Indexes issue 63 written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography on Cold Regions Science and Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatise on Water Science written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 2131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality and management are of great significance globally, as the demand for clean, potable water far exceeds the availability. Water science research brings together the natural and applied sciences, engineering, chemistry, law and policy, and economics, and the Treatise on Water Science seeks to unite these areas through contributions from a global team of author-experts. The 4-volume set examines topics in depth, with an emphasis on innovative research and technologies for those working in applied areas. Published in partnership with and endorsed by the International Water Association (IWA), demonstrating the authority of the content Editor-in-Chief Peter Wilderer, a Stockholm Water Prize recipient, has assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Topics related to water resource management, water quality and supply, and handling of wastewater are treated in depth
Download or read book Monthly Weather Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Papers from the International Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean Atmosphere and Biosphere written by Martin O. Jeffries and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
