Download or read book Use of Phosphorus Isotopes for Improving Phosphorus Management in Agricultural Systems written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides comprehensive and up to date information on several topics related to phosphorus in soil-plant systems, in agricultural systems and in the environment.
Download or read book Phosphorus Management in Crop Production written by Nand Kumar Fageria and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world population is projected to reach nine billion by 2050, and in the coming years, global food demand is expected to increase by 50% or more. Higher crop productivity gains in the future will have to be achieved in developing countries through better natural resources management and crop improvement. After nitrogen, phosphorus (P) has more widespread influence on both natural and agricultural ecosystems than any other essential plant element. It has been estimated that 5.7 billion hectares of land worldwide contain insufficient amounts of available P for sustainable crop production, and P deficiency in crop plants is a widespread problem in various parts of the world. However, it has been estimated that worldwide minable P could last less than 40 years. For sustaining future food supplies, it is vital to enhance plant P use efficiency. To bring the latest knowledge and research advances in efficient management of P for economically viable and environmentally beneficial crop production in sustainable agriculture, Phosphorus Management in Crop Production contains chapters covering functions and diagnostic techniques for P requirements in crop plants, P use efficiency and interactions with other nutrients in crop plants, management of P for optimal crop production and environmental quality, and basic principles and methodology regarding P nutrition in crop plants. The majority of research data included are derived from many years of field, greenhouse, and lab work, hence the information is practical in nature and will have a significant impact on efficient management of P-fertilizers to enhance P use efficiency, improve crop production, promote sustainable agriculture, and reduce P losses through eluviations, leaching, and erosion to minimize environmental degradation. A comprehensive book that combines practical and applied information, Phosphorus Management in Crop Production is an excellent reference for students, professors, agricultural research scientists, food scientists, agricultural extension specialists, private consultants, fertilizer companies, and government agencies that deal with agricultural and environmental issues.
Download or read book Phosphorus Dynamics in a Changing Agroecosystem Landscape written by Curt McConnell and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The availability of soil phosphorus (P) for plants changes as soil develops, limiting plant growth in early successional stages as P slowly releases from parent material and doing so again in late soil weathering stages as the little remaining P in system is slowly fixed by the soil matrix. Managing P deficiencies in many agricultural systems requires using P fertilizers, as grain and hay harvest export nutrients from the soil-plant systems. However, in the post-Green Revolution world, P excesses from over-fertilization are ubiquitous. Phosphorus removed with grain from one region is sometimes redeposited as manure in a different region, which gradually increases the soil P content and that which is lost from hydrologic transport. Agricultural P pollution is the principal driver of aquatic ecosystem eutrophication; optimizing on farm soil P levels is therefore essential to sustainable food and fuel production. Sustainable production systems are ever-more reliant on precision technology, predicated on analytical procedures that require a strong theoretical framework of the biogeochemical P cycle. Knowing when and where P will be in excess or deficient and how it cycles in varying soils and conditions are integral steps to building the most reliable nutrient models and decision support tools. Gaps in the understanding of P are reflected in poor model conceptualizations and in uncertainties of model results. Research efforts in this work towards filling these gaps (Chapter 2) include increasing the resolution of vertical P distribution measurements (Chapter 3), exploring the controls on the microbial cycling of P using oxygen-18 tracers (Chapter 4), and applying models to test new production systems that will ultimately shape the P cycle (Chapter 5). One example of a gap in understanding soil P dynamics was the failure to predict increased soluble P losses from no-till agricultural systems, despite long knowing the practice stratifies P at the surface. Prior to this research, measurements of stratification were taken in 5-10 cm increments, which may obscure the distribution of P at the surface extremes and thereby underestimate surface P loss potential. I designed a new sampling tool was designed to extract thin cross sections of the surface soil in 1-cm increments. It revealed that most nutrients are more stratified within the top 5-cm, a pattern typically obscured by routine sampling. Understanding the cycling of P has also been slowed by the absence of stable isotope P tracers. To overcome this limitation, using oxygen-18 to trace P dynamics has gained traction over the past decade. As microbes process phosphate labeled with oxygen-18 (18OPO4), the oxygen in the phosphate molecule reaches isotopic equilibrium with soil water; thus, the extent of the microbial P cycling can be tracked by following the oxygen-18 in phosphates. However, based on the research reviewed and conducted in this dissertation to test whether P saturation and P content affected microbial P use, there was no measured equilibration of 18OPO4. This points to either slower turnover of soil P than previously thought, a portion of the Mehlich-3 pool untapped by microbes, a lack of measurement sensitivity, or issues with divergent equilibration depending on the methods of 18O tracer introduction. These limitations have only been vaguely addressed in the literature before. Clarifying such limitations is a necessary step to improving the use of oxygen-18 as a P tracer, our understanding of P biogeochemical cycling, and ultimately the representation of P cycling in models. Systems modeling can represent complex, large scale processes without in-field experimentation that become unfeasible at the scope of watersheds. P losses from erosion, runoff, and through tile drains in agricultural systems are a significant contributor to P pollution. Planting cover crops is an effective means of controlling nutrient losses, but the earlier onset of winter in northern latitudes can hamper establishment of cover crops planted after the cash crop. Interseeding cover crops between the rows of growing cash crops can help improve cover crop establishment and provide ecosystem services. I used the Cycles model to simulate overall crop yields, interspecific competition, and nutrient losses and to determine at what latitude the tradeoffs of interseeding could be minimalized. The model showed this to be around latitude 41°N, where the benefits of interseeding outweigh the potential corn yield drag. The constant feedback between model performance and experimental results is what improves our understanding biogeochemical P cycling in agroecosystems. Knowing how P is distributed, how it is cycled, and how the surrounding landscape is changing due to aggressive human alteration of the P cycle globally, regionally, and within soil profiles, will enable better modeling and implementation of sustainable management practices.
Download or read book Use of Precision Agriculture to Improve Phosphorus Management written by Lucas Ray Baker and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Phosphorus written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient, but global population growth has dramatically reduced the availability of phosphorus fertilizer resources. Despite this scarcity, there remain numerous problems associated with the excessive and inappropriate use of phosphorus leading to non-point source pollution and eutrophication of natural waters. Identifying appropriate systems for managing soil phosphorus and reducing the risks of eutrophication are needed to minimize the environmental risks. This book focuses on the availability and recycling of phosphorus; regulatory and policy issues of sustainable phosphorus use; and water quality management in agroecosystems pertaining to phosphorus. Sections are dedicated to global phosphorus reserves; cycling and pathways of phosphorus; phosphorus in agriculture; human dimensions and policy intervention; and research and development priorities. Phosphorus is a finite but crucial resource and is an essential element to all life. Sub-optimal availability and nutrient imbalance in the root zone can adversely impact plant growth, and the quality of food and feed grown on these soils. However, the proven reserves of phosphorus can hardly be adequate for a few centuries only. Yet, its misuse and mismanagement has caused severe problems of eutrophication of water and pollution of the environment. Thus, judicious management of soil phosphorus is essential. This volume is specifically devoted to availability and recycling of phosphorus, regulatory/policy issues of sustainable use of phosphorus, and management in agroecosystems in the context of maximizing the use efficiency and minimizing the environmental risks of water quality.
Download or read book The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture written by F. E. Khasawneh and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 940 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World phosphate reserves and resources; The phosphate industry of the United States; Evaluation of phosphatic raw materials; Phosphate raw materials and fertilizers: part I - a look ahead; Phosphate raw materials and fertilizers: part II - a case history of marginal raw materials; Sulfur requirements of the phosphate fertilizer industry; Phosphoric acid technology; Phosphate fertilizers and process technology; World phosphate fertilizer supply-demand outlook; Energy requirements for the production of phosphate fertilizers; Energy of phosphate fertilizer applications and food energy returns; Reactions of phosphate fertilizers in soils; Agronomic effectiveness of phosphate fertilizers; Evaluation and utilization of residual phosphorus in soils; Use and limitations of physical-chemical criteria for assessing the status of phosphorus in soils; Assessing organic phosphorus in soils; Conventional soil and tissue tests for assessing the phosphorus status of soils; Management considerations for acid; Use of waste materials as sources of phosphorus; Agricultural phosphorus in the environment; Phosphate nutrition of plants - a general treatise; Soil-plant interactions in the phosphorus nutrition of plants; Role of rhizosphere microorganisms in phosphorus uptake by plants; Interactions of phosphorus with other elements in soils and in plants; Phosphate nutrition of corn, sorghum, soybeans, and small grains; Phosphorus nutrition of cotton, peanuts, rice, sugarcane, and tobacco; Phosphorus nutrition of vegetable crops and sugar beets; Phosphorus nutrition and fertilization of forest trees; Phosphorus nutrition of forages; Relationship between phosphorus nutrition of plants and the phosphorus nutrition of animals and man.
Download or read book Phosphorus in Agriculture 100 Zero written by Ewald Schnug and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-14 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The title ‘Phosphorus in Agriculture: 100 % Zero’ is synonymous for make-or-break. And it stands up to the promise. This book sends an important message as it delivers background information, intrinsic hypotheses, validation approaches and legal frameworks, all for balanced phosphorus fertilization in agriculture. This implies firstly that the phosphorus requirement of crop is fully satisfied by applying exclusively fertilizers which contain the nutrient in completely available form. Secondly, environmental demands through eutrophication and hazardous contaminants must not be compromised. The book identifies equally knowledge gaps and deficits in the transformation and implementation of research into practice. Bottom line is that research delivers the tools for a sustainable phosphorus management while legal frameworks are insufficient.
Download or read book Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics written by Pedro A. Sanchez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-awaited second edition of classic textbook, brought completely up to date, for courses on tropical soils, and reference for scientists and professionals.
Download or read book Oxygen Isotopes of Inorganic Phosphate in Environmental Samples written by Joseph Adu-Gyamfi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book distinguished itself from other publications by offering step-by-step instructions on how to extract, purify, provide modifications, and major issues to be encountered during the process. For the 18OP method to progress, further fundamental research as well as field and laboratory studies need to be conducted for a better understanding of P cycling in the environment. Chapter 1 outlines the background and examples of 18Op studies in sediments, soils, fresh water, mineral fertilizers, and plants. Chapters 2 and 3 examine the stepwise extraction and purification protocols including reagents, equipment and consumables and preparations for analyses. Chapter 4 examines some of the challenges and modifications during the purification process. Chapter 5 discusses planning and designing of a study using 18Op, external quality assurance with an example of an inter-laboratory study. Chapter 6 outlines the conclusions, future trends, and opportunities, the scaling out of the method from laboratory to field studies. It is expected that the 18OP would be extensively applied in research geared to understand phosphorus dynamics in different agro-environments. .
Download or read book Phosphorus in Action written by Else K. Bünemann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-08 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource which is essential for life. It is a limiting nutrient in many ecosystems but also a pollutant which can affect biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems and change the ecology of water bodies. This book collects the latest information on biological processes in soil P cycling, which to date have remained much less understood than physico-chemical processes. The methods section presents spectroscopic techniques and the characterization of microbial P forms, as well as the use of tracers, molecular approaches and modeling of soil-plant systems. The section on processes deals with mycorrhizal symbioses, microbial P solubilization, soil macrofauna, phosphatase enzymes and rhizosphere processes. On the system level, P cycling is examined for grasslands, arctic and alpine soils, forest plantations, tropical forests, and dryland regions. Further, P management with respect to animal production and cropping, and the interactions between global change and P cycling, are treated.
Download or read book Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutrophication written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phosphorus in Soils and Plants written by Naser A. Anjum and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-01-31 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus (P) stands second to nitrogen in terms of its essentiality as a plant macronutrient, as well as due to its involvement in almost all plant developmental stages, primary and secondary plant metabolisms, maintenance of membrane structures, and in the structural skeleton of major biomolecules. An optimum P-supply also helps plants combat abiotic stress impacts. Most P in soil remains unavailable for uptake by plants. P-containing fertilizers are being added to agricultural lands to sustain high yields. Only the least amount of the applied P (20%–30%) is used by most cultivated plants, and the rest remains as legacy P (P surpluses), which eventually causes eutrophication. This book, Phosphorus in Soils and Plants, reviews P in soils and plants, P dynamics in the soil–water–sediment environment, the major roles of P in the photosynthetic dark phase-biochemical pathways, major approaches for the sustainable management of P in agriculture, main mechanisms underlying the role of P in the regulation of plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere, literature on the role of microbial phosphate solubilization in management of soil and plant nutrients, and insights into P recovery through waste transformation. This volume is an important resource for plant biologists involved in teaching or research who wish to advance their knowledge of P in soils and plants.
Download or read book Soil and Fertilizers written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-05-06 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and Fertilizers: Managing the Environmental Footprint presents strategies to improve soil health by reducing the rate of fertilizer input while maintaining high agronomic yields. It is estimated that fertilizer use supported nearly half of global births in 2008. In a context of potential food insecurity exacerbated by population growth and climate change, the importance of fertilizers in sustaining the agronomic production is clear. However, excessive use of chemical fertilizers poses serious risks both to the environment and to human health. Highlighting a tenfold increase in global fertilizer consumption between 2002 and 2016, the book explains the effects on the quality of soil, water, air and biota from overuse of chemical fertilizers. Written by an interdisciplinary author team, this book presents methods for enhancing the efficiency of fertilizer use and outlines agricultural practices that can reduce the environmental footprint. Features: Includes a thorough literature review on the agronomic and environmental impact of fertilizer, from degradation of ecosystems to the eutrophication of drinking water Devotes specific chapters to enhancing the use efficiency and effectiveness of the fertilizers through improved formulations, time and mode of application, and the use of precision farming technology Reveals geographic variation in fertilizer consumption volume by presenting case studies for specific countries and regions, including India and Africa Discusses the pros and cons of organic vs. chemical fertilizers, innovative technologies including nuclear energy, and the U.N.’s Sustainable Development Goals Part of the Advances in Soil Sciences series, this solutions-focused volume will appeal to soil scientists, environmental scientists and agricultural engineers.
Download or read book Better Management of Phosphorus Fertilizer in Intensive Cropping Systems An Approach Basing on Integrated Agronomic Ecological and Environmental Compromises written by Tim George and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-29 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Phosphorus written by R Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient, but global population growth has dramatically reduced the availability of phosphorus fertilizer resources. Despite this scarcity, there remain numerous problems associated with the excessive and inappropriate use of phosphorus leading to non-point source pollution and eutrophication of natural waters. Identifying appropriate systems for managing soil phosphorus and reducing the risks of eutrophication are needed to minimize the environmental risks. This book focuses on the availability and recycling of phosphorus; regulatory and policy issues of sustainable phosphorus use; and water quality management in agroecosystems pertaining to phosphorus. Sections are dedicated to global phosphorus reserves; cycling and pathways of phosphorus; phosphorus in agriculture; human dimensions and policy intervention; and research and development priorities. Phosphorus is a finite but crucial resource and is an essential element to all life. Sub-optimal availability and nutrient imbalance in the root zone can adversely impact plant growth, and the quality of food and feed grown on these soils. However, the proven reserves of phosphorus can hardly be adequate for a few centuries only. Yet, its misuse and mismanagement has caused severe problems of eutrophication of water and pollution of the environment. Thus, judicious management of soil phosphorus is essential. This volume is specifically devoted to availability and recycling of phosphorus, regulatory/policy issues of sustainable use of phosphorus, and management in agroecosystems in the context of maximizing the use efficiency and minimizing the environmental risks of water quality.
Download or read book Efficiency of Soil and Fertilizer Phosphorus Use written by John Keith Syers and published by Fao Fertilizer and Plant Nutri. This book was released on 2008 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficient use of phosphorus (P) is essential to many agricultural and environmental issues. This bulletin reviews, analyses and synthesizes information on the efficient use of soil and fertilizer P. It presents information on the plant availability of soil and fertilizer P, with an emphasis on soil plant interactions. The focus is on the changing concepts of the behaviour of both soil and fertilizer P and on the need to define and assess their recovery and, thus, P-use efficiency more appropriately.
Download or read book AhKleh Planet Savier Society APSS written by Hui-Shin Wong and published by Wong Hui Shin. This book was released on with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AhKleh Planet Savier Society (APSS) is founded to monitor the safety and surveillance of the world and the world talents with an extremely important role to bring job opportunities to world talents at their age of 10 years old and beyond. These world talents are known as prodigies. In APSS, there are 10 featured Task Force. There are listed as below: 1) Willing-To-Die-Oxygen-Off Task Force (WiTDOO) 2) MUST-Succeed Research and Development 3) World Sound Monitoring Task Force (WSoM) 4) Say “No” Gender Discrimination (WoGDi) 5) Universe Mineral Discovery and Mining 6) Space Tourism 7) Universe Life Discovery and Inter-Planet Marriages 8) Global Warming and Climate Change 9) Natural Disaster Rescue 10) Information Security/ Cyber Security
