Download or read book Use of Methyl Tertiary butyl Ether MTBE in Gasoline written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Use of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether MTBE as a Gasoline Additive written by Connecticut. Department of Environmental Protection and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book State Actions Regarding MTBE written by Kevin Edward McCarthy and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses whether Maine or any other state bars the use of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) as a gasoline additive.
Download or read book Ozone Forming Potential of Reformulated Gasoline written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-23 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Committee on Ozone-Forming Potential for Reformulated Gasoline was asked whether the existing body of scientific and technical information is sufficient to permit a robust evaluation and comparison of the emissions from motor vehicles using different reformulated gasolines based on their ozone-forming potentials and to assess the concomitant impact of that approach on air-quality benefits of the use of oxygenates within the RFG program. As part of its charge, the committee was asked to consider (1) the technical soundness of various approaches for evaluating and comparing the relative ozone-forming potentials of RFG blends, (2) technical aspects of various air-quality issues related to RFG assessment, and (3) the sensitivity of evaluations of the relative ozone-forming potentials to factors related to fuel properties and the variability of vehicle technologies and driving patterns.
Download or read book Health Risks and Benefits from the Use of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether MTBE as a Fuel Additive in the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contaminated Soil 90 written by F.. Arendt and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methyl Tertiary butyl Ether written by M. Gillner and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE). Used almost exclusively as a fuel additive, MTBE is blended with gasoline to provide both octane enhancement and an increase in oxygen content. MTBE currently numbers among the 50 chemicals produced in the highest volume worldwide. Production and use are expected to increase, particularly in countries where oxygenated or reformulated gasolines are required in national programs aimed at reducing ambient air levels of carbon monoxide and ozone or benzene and other volatile hydrocarbons. A summary of sources of human and environmental exposure is followed by an assessment of what is known about the chemical's environmental behavior and fate. Studies demonstrate that, after discharge into air, MTBE largely remains in the air, with smaller amounts entering soil and water. Although atmospheric MTBE can partition into rain, data indicate that atmospheric transformation by hydroxyl radicals is a more important pathway of removal.
Download or read book Environmental Forensics written by R E Hester and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2008-06-27 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Environmental forensics' is a combination of analytical and environmental chemistry, which is useful in the court room context. It therefore involves field analytical studies and both data interpretation and modelling connected with the attribution of pollution events to their causes. Recent decades have seen a burgeoning of legislation designed to protect the environment and, as the costs of environmental damage and clean-up are considerable, not only are there prosecutions by regulatory agencies, but the courts are also used as a means of adjudication of civil damage claims relating to environmental causes or environmental degradation. As a result is the increasing number of prosecutions of companies who have breached regulations for environmental protection and in civil claims relating to harm caused by excessive pollutant releases to the environment. Such cases can become extremely protracted as expert witnesses provide their sometimes conflicting interpretations of environmental measurement data and their meaning. It is in this context that environmental forensics is developing as a specialism, leading to greater formalisation of investigative methods which should lead to more definitive findings and less scope for experts to disagree. Now a significant subject in its own right, at least one journal devoted to the field and a number of degree courses have sprung up. As a result of the topicality and rapid growth of the subject area, is the publication of this book - the 26th volume in the highly acclaimed Issues in Environmental Science and Technology Series. This volume contains authoritative articles by a number of the leading practitioners across the globe in the environmental forensics field and aims to cover some of the main techniques and areas to which environmental forensics are being applied. The content is comprehensive and describes a number of the key areas within environmental forensics - topics covered by the authors include: - Source identification issues - Microbial techniques - Metal contamination and methods of assigning liability - The use of isotopes to determine sources and their applications - Molecular biological methods - Hydrocarbon fingerprinting techniques - Oil chemistry and key compound identification - The emerging role of environmental forensics in groundwater pollution Additionally, the volume considers specific pollutants and long-lived pollutants of groundwater such as halocarbons which have presented particular problems and which are described in some depth, as well as the way in which chemical degradation processes can lead to compositional changes which provide valuable information. The book provides a comprehensive overview of many of the key areas of environmental forensics written by some of the leading experts in the field. It will be both of specialist use to those seeking expert insights into the field and its capabilities as well as of more general interest to those involved in both environmental analytical science and environmental law.
Download or read book Biodegradation of Gasoline Additive Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether in Water written by Wenhua Ye and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gasoline additive Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) contaminated ground waters have been a problem nation wide with spills and leaky underground storage tanks. Biodegradation has been implemented under certain favorable environmental conditions. The biodegradation rates have been affected by treatments of nutrients, magnesium peroxide (oxygen), ethanol, temperature, pH and MTBE concentrations. This study was conducted to find the indigenous microorganisms which can degrade MTBE and assess how environmental factors would affect the biodegradation rates. This study compared MTBE biodegradation of the indigenous soil microorganisms with that of pure bacteria Methylobacterium mesophilicum, a well known MTBE degrade. In the pure culture Methylobacterium mesophilicum study, magnesium peroxide was found to enhance the MTBE biodegradation rate. However, ethanol was found to inhibit the biodegradation of MTBE, perhaps because it was degraded more easily and its metabolism decreased oxygen availability. In the soil microorganisms study, both magnesium peroxide and ethanol were found to enhance the MTBE biodegradation rates significantly. Co-metabolism between MTBE and ethanol may be possible in soil microorganisms.
Download or read book Water Pollution Risks of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether MTBE written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fire Debris Analysis written by Eric Stauffer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2007-12-10 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of fire debris analysis is vital to the function of all fire investigations, and, as such, Fire Debris Analysis is an essential resource for fire investigators. The present methods of analysis include the use of gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, techniques which are well established and used by crime laboratories throughout the world. However, despite their universality, this is the first comprehensive resource that addresses their application to fire debris analysis. Fire Debris Analysis covers topics such as the physics and chemistry of fire and liquid fuels, the interpretation of data obtained from fire debris, and the future of the subject. Its cutting-edge material and experienced author team distinguishes this book as a quality reference that should be on the shelves of all crime laboratories. Serves as a comprehensive guide to the science of fire debris analysis Presents both basic and advanced concepts in an easily readable, logical sequence Includes a full-color insert with figures that illustrate key concepts discussed in the text
Download or read book Safe Harbor Provision For Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether MTBE written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is a fuel additive in wide use throughout the United States. Due to leakage from underground storage tanks and other sources of exposure, MTBE has been found in the drinking water supplies of several states. Whether to shield certain parties from MTBE-related liability proved controversial in the 108th Congress, and ultimately no legislation addressing the issue was enacted. 108th Congress legislation included S. 2095, S. 791, H.R. 3940, and H.R. 2253, each of which would have provided for the eventual discontinuation of the additive but did not provide parties associated with MTBE with any special protections from liability. Other 108th Congress legislation, including the conference-reported version of the Energy Policy Act of 2003 (H.R. 6) contained a safe- harbor provision protecting any potential defendant, such as MTBE manufacturers and distributors, from products liability claims. Additionally, the H.R. 6 provision included language applying the safe-harbor retroactively, potentially barring several pending lawsuits. Exemption from liability related to MTBE contamination remains controversial and may again become the subject of debate in the 109th Congress. Accordingly, this report analyzes the legal implications of the safe-harbor provision found in H.R. 6. This report will be updated as necessary.
Download or read book Fuel Oxygenates written by Damià Barceló and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-03 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals mainly with the problems associated with the contamination of groundwater by MTBE and TBA, but ETBE is also considered. The book, written by recognized specialists in the field, is organized in sections covering state-of-the-art analytical methods, including specific isotopic analysis, occurrence in the environment, transport and degradation processes, treatment technologies and human health risks.
Download or read book Advanced Catalysis Processes in Petrochemicals and Petroleum Refining Emerging Research and Opportunities written by Al-Kinany, Mohammed C. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-08-16 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum refining and the petrochemical industry play an important role in the current world economy. They provide the platform to convert basic raw materials into many essential products, ranging from transportation fuels (such as gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, and gas oil) to basic and intermediate materials for petrochemical industries and many other valuable chemical products. Advanced Catalysis Processes in Petrochemicals and Petroleum Refining: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential comprehensive research publication that provides knowledge on refining processes that could be integrated by the petrochemical industry and discusses how to integrate refining products with petrochemical industries through the use of new technologies. Featuring a range of topics such as biofuel production, environmental sustainability, and biorefineries, this book is ideal for engineers, chemists, industry professionals, policymakers, researchers, academicians, and petrochemical companies.
Download or read book Technology Assessment and the Fuel Additive Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether MTBE written by Herbert Levy and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Ethanol Market written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book MTBE in Gasoline written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern over water contamination caused by the gasoline additive methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) has raised questions concerning the desirability of using the additive as a means of producing cleaner burning fuel. MTBE has been used by most refiners to produce the reformulated gasoline (RFG) required under the Clean Air Act in portions of 17 states and the District of Columbia. It is credited with producing marked reductions in carbon monoxide emissions; RFG has also reduced emissions of toxic substances and the volatile organic compounds that react with other pollutants to form smog. Over the last few years, however, incidents of drinking water contamination by MTBE, particularly in California, have raised concerns and led to calls for restrictions on its use. In March 1999, Governor Davis of California ordered a phase-out of MTBE use in the state by December 31, 2002 (later amended to December 31, 2003). Sixteen other states, including New York, have subsequently enacted limits or phase-outs of the substance. EPA responded to initial reports of water contamination by intensifying research and focusing on the need to minimize leaks from underground fuel tanks. As reports of contamination spread in 1998 and 1999, however, EPAâ€TMs position evolved. On March 20, 2000, the Agency announced it was beginning the process of requiring a reduction or phase-out of MTBE use under Section 6 of the Toxic Substances Control Act. Because regulatory action could take years to complete, EPA urged Congress to amend the Clean Air Act to provide specific authority to reduce or eliminate use of the substance. Since then, the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee has reported bills to provide such authority three times (S. 791 in the 108th Congress). Language similar to S. 791 passed the Senate in its version of H.R. 6, the comprehensive energy bill, July 31. The House approved somewhat different MTBE provisions in its version of H.R. 6, April 11. The conference report on the bill includes more extensive assistance for MTBE producers â€" some of it controversial. The House adopted the conference report November 18. It awaits Senate action. If MTBE were removed from gasoline without amending the Clean Air Act, there would be a need for refiners to use alternative sources of oxygen in RFG. The potential alternatives are other forms of ether, or alcohols such as ethanol. Ethanol is the most likely substitute, but it costs more to produce than MTBE, poses challenges to the gasoline distribution system, and, some studies suggest that it increases the risk of water contamination compared to non-oxygenated gasoline. Also, in the short term, ethanol is unlikely to be available in sufficient quantity to replace MTBE nationwide. Gasoline that meets the performance requirements for RFG without using oxygenates at all can be made, but current law requires the use of oxygenates in RFG. The principal issues for Congress are whether MTBE use should be limited or phased out and whether there should be a “safe harborâ€ŗ from product liability lawsuits for gasoline refiners and marketers who used MTBE.
