Download or read book Use of Methionine Supplements to Enhance the Protein Fraction of Goat Milk written by Krista Lauren Jacobsen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of dietary methionine supplements were studied using six lactating does (3 Saanen and 3 Alpine) all expressing alleles for low levels of alpha s1 casein (E/E or E/F) in a replicated Latin square design. Does were fed a basal diet composed of (as a proportion of total dry matter) 56.2% long alfalfa hay, 14.3% alfalfa pellets, and 29.5% concentrate ingredients. Methionine was fed either in the free form (not rumen protected) or rumen-protected to provide an additional 2.3 g methionine/doe daily. Other than effects on animal production performance, milk was analyzed for processing characteristics (rennet clotting time, firmness of rennet-induced gel, cheese yield and firmness), as well as proteomic profile to establish potential relationships between milk proteins, milk urea nitrogen, amino acid contents of plasma and milk, and milk fatty acid profile. Animal Production Results: Average daily milk yield and milk yield as a proportion of body weight (g milk/kg body weight) were improved relative to control by rumen-protected methionine in Saanens (p=0.03, both responses). Relative to control, plasma methionine increased with both supplements, but was only significant for the free-form treatment (p=0.05). Other amino acids (plasma and milk), urea nitrogen (plasma and milk), and content and yield of individual milk components were not affected by methionine supplementation, although a tendency was observed for increased yield of milk protein with methionine supplementation. Of the fatty acids measured in milk, concentrations of C9:0 and C11:0 were increased relative to control with the free-form methionine supplement in Saanens (p=0.02, each fatty acid). Rumen-protected methionine increased yield of C13:0 (p=0.04), compared to control. Yield of C15:0 was increased in Saanen milk with both the free-form (p=0.02) and rumen-protected (p=0.03) supplements, compared to control, and Alpines overall produced higher yields of C9:0 (p=0.04). Concentrations of C16:1 cis, C18:1 cis 11, C18:1 cis 13, and C22:5n3 were higher in Saanen milk while Alpine milk was higher in concentration of C18:2 cis 9 trans 11. Rumen-protected methionine tended to enhance daily yield of total casein; otherwise daily yields of individual caseins, as well as major whey proteins, were not affected by either treatment or breed. Milk Processing Results: Both rennet clotting time (p=0.02) and gel firmness (p=0.02) were improved by rumen-protected methionine, most notably among Saanens. Saanen milk tended to be higher in concentration of alpha s2 casein, alpha-lactalbumin, and lipoprotein lipase, but yields of these proteins did not differ from yields in Alpine milk. Mixed model selection revealed that increasing alpha s2 casein concentration improved rennet clotting time and cheese yield, whereas concentrations of C16:0 prolonged rennet clotting time. Milk urea nitrogen negatively impacted cheese firmness and yield, as well as concentrations of immune proteins in milk. The principal factors influencing concentrations of caseins and major whey proteins were plasma Group 1 amino acids (methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and histidine) and plasma ornithine. Concentrations of butyrophilin and adipophilin were negatively influenced by concentrations of alpha s2 casein and positively by concentrations of kappa casein. Milk Proteomic Profile Results: Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified a total of 367 proteins in milk samples, with quantification achieved using intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ). Of the most frequently-detected proteins (i.e., in at least 12 out of 18 samples), the top primary function groups represented were immune/stress response (29.2% of the proteins), protein synthesis/folding (22.3%), transport/trafficking (16.9%), and lipid secretion/metabolism (6.9%). These results indicate that Saanens responded better than Alpines to methionine supplementation, and proportions of caseins, rather than concentration of milk protein alone, are important considerations when selecting goat milk intended for cheese production. The complete proteomic profile of whole goat milk contributes to a relatively sparse database. Knowledge of the types of proteins present in goat milk and their relative abundance can lead to the translation of their health promoting benefits.

Download or read book Protein and Amino acid nutrition written by Anthony Albanese and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein and Amino Acid Nutrition describes the state of knowledge concerning the nutrition of proteins and amino acids. Topics range from the effect of some therapeutic agents on protein and amino acid nutrition, to species and age differences in amino acid requirements; utilization of D-amino acids; effect of proteins and amino acids on the growth of adult tissue in vitro; and amino acid requirements of animals and young adults. This volume is organized into 16 chapters and begins with an overview of the nutritional implications of the metabolic interrelationships of amino acids. The next chapters discuss experiments that tested the differences in amino acid requirements due to the differences in age and in species among animals, the biochemical individuality of amino acid requirements, and the utilization of dietary proteins. This book explains the synthesis of tissue proteins in relation to the essential amino acids; the link between food energy and nitrogen metabolism; and the use of the repletion method to measure the nutritive value of proteins, protein hydrolyzates, and amino acid mixtures. The final chapter discusses the nutritional needs of the older age groups. This book is intended for scientists, students, and researchers interested in human and animal nutrition.

Download or read book Non Bovine Milk and Milk Products written by Effie Tsakalidou and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-31 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Bovine Milk and Milk Products presents a compiled and renewed vision of the knowledge existing as well as the emerging challenges on animal husbandry and non-cow milk production, technology, chemistry, microbiology, safety, nutrition, and health, including current policies and practices. Non-bovine milk products are an expanding means of addressing nutritional and sustainable food needs around the world. While many populations have integrated non-bovine products into their diets for centuries, as consumer demand and acceptance have grown, additional opportunities for non-bovine products are emerging. Understanding the proper chain of production will provide important insight into the successful growth of this sector. This book is a valuable resource for those involved in the non-cow milk sector, e.g. academia, research institutes, milk producers, dairy industry, trade associations, government, and policy makers. Discusses important social, economic, and environmental aspects of the production and distribution of non-bovine milk and milk products Provides insight into non-bovine milk from a broad range of relevant perspectives with contributions from leading researchers around the world Focuses on current concerns including animal health and welfare, product safety, and production technologies Serves as a valuable resource for those involved in the non-cow milk sector

Download or read book Goat Medicine written by Mary C. Smith and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-08-08 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vermittelt ein umfassendes Verständnis sämtlicher Krankheiten, die bei Ziegen in unterschiedlichen geographischen Lagen und unter einem breiten Spektrum von Haltungsbedingungen auftreten können, von der extensiven Weidehaltung über die intensive Milchproduktion bis zur Heimtierhaltung. Die dritte Auflage von Goat Medicine ist ein umfassendes Referenzwerk für Ziegenkrankheiten in allen Ländern der Welt. Die beiden Autoren ? approbierte Tierärzte mit weltweiter Erfahrung im Bereich Ziegenzucht und -gesundheit ? präsentieren in diesem Werk die neusten Fortschritte bei Diagnose- und Therapieverfahren sowie eine umfassende Betrachtung aller wesentlichen Krankheiten der Ziege. Das Buch enthält maßgebliche, klinisch relevante Informationen zur Erkennung, Diagnose, Behandlung, Bekämpfung und Vorbeugung von Ziegenkrankheiten beim Einzeltier, bei einer Herde oder sogar auf nationaler Ebene. Zum leichteren Verständnis und um die Inhalte des Buchs mühelos erlernbar zu machen, ist das Buch logisch nach Körpersystemen gegliedert und durchgängig mit farbigen Abbildungen illustriert. Behandelt werden u.a. die folgenden Themen: * Bekämpfung wirtschaftlich relevanter Infektionskrankheiten wie der Caprinen Arthritis-Encephalitis, der Paratuberkulose und der Pest der kleinen Wiederkäuer sowie innerer und äußerer Parasiten * Differenzialdiagnose bei chronischem Gewichtsverlust und plötzlichem Tod, Anästhesie und Enthornung/Drüsenentfernung * Ernährung und Stoffwechselkrankheiten, Management der Herdengesundheit und Präventivmedizin * Arzneimittelliste für Ziegen mit empfohlenen Dosierungen sowie Möglichkeiten der Alternativmedizin Wissenschaftler, Forscher, Amtstierärzte, Labordiagnostiker, Industrietierärzte, Veterinärtechniker und behandelnde Tierärzte in aller Welt können sich mit gutem Gewissen auf dieses Buch verlassen und es bei Bedarf jederzeit als umfassendes Referenzwerk zu sämtlichen Themen rund um die Gesundheit und die Krankheiten von Ziegen verwenden.

Download or read book NorFor written by Harald Volden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NorFor is a semi-mechanistic feed evaluation system for cattle, which is used by advisors in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This book describes in detail the system and it covers five main sections. The first is concerned with information on feed characteristics, feed analysis and feed digestion methods. The second section describes the digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and the supply and requirement of energy and metabolizable amino acids. The third section considers the prediction of feed intake and physical structure of the diet. The fourth section focuses on model evaluation and the final section provides information on the IT solutions and feed ration formulation by a non-linear economical optimization procedure. This book will be of significant interest to researchers, students and advisors of cattle nutrition and feed evaluation.

Download or read book Bioactive Components of Milk written by Zsuzsanna Bosze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-26 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dairy foods have huge potential concerning functional foods. Therefore, there is a tremendous amount of interest in value-added milk products and the identification of components in food which have health benefits. This book provides an overview of these derived components and their diverse activities including: the stimulation of beneficial microflora, alerting the immune system to the presence of potential pathogens and allergens, binding and eliminating toxins, etc.

Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-16 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As members of the public becomes more concious of the food they consume and its content, higher standards are expected in the preparation of such food. The updated seventh edition of Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle explores the impact of cattle's biological, production, and environmental diversities, as well as variations on nutrient utilization and requirements. More enhanced than previous editions, this edition expands on the descriptions of cattle and their nutritional requirements taking management and environmental conditions into consideration. The book clearly communicates the current state of beef cattle nutrient requirements and animal variation by visually presenting related data via computer-generated models. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle expounds on the effects of beef cattle body condition on the state of compensatory growth, takes an in-depth look at the variations in cattle type, and documents the important effects of the environment and stress on food intake. This volume also uses new data on the development of a fetus during pregnancy to prescribe nutrient requirements of gestating cattle more precisely. By focusing on factors such as product quality and environmental awareness, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle presents standards and advisements for acceptable nutrients in a complete and conventional manner that promotes a more practical understanding and application.

Download or read book Modelling Nutrient Utilization in Farm Animals written by J. P. McNamara and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes current research in modelling nutrient use in farm animals, from cellular to ecosystem level. The chapters are developed from papers presented at a satellite meeting of the 9th International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, held in South Africa in October 1999.Excellent papers from a top list of contributorsEditors of great reputationCovers the current topics of interest

Download or read book Dairy Chemistry and Biochemistry written by P. F. Fox and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-19 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the most comprehensive introductory text on the chemistry and biochemistry of milk. It provides a comprehensive description of the principal constituents of milk (water, lipids, proteins, lactose, salts, vitamins, indigenous enzymes) and of the chemical aspects of cheese and fermented milks and of various dairy processing operations. It also covers heat-induced changes in milk, the use of exogenous enzymes in dairy processing, principal physical properties of milk, bioactive compounds in milk and comparison of milk of different species. This book is designed to meet the needs of senior students and dairy scientists in general.

Download or read book Human Milk Biochemistry and Infant Formula Manufacturing Technology written by Mingruo Guo and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-09-11 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Milk Biochemistry and Infant Formula Manufacturing Technology, Second Edition covers the history of bottle feeding, its advantages and disadvantages when compared with breast-feeding, human milk biochemistry, trends and new developments in infant formula formulation and manufacturing, and best practices in infant formula processing technology and quality control. The book also covers human milk proteomics as a new, separate chapter and provides additional information on infant formula clinical trial guidelines. In addition, the book includes information about the formulation and processing of premature and low birth weight infant formula. This book is sure to be a welcome resource for professionals in the food and infant formula industry, academics and graduate students in fields like nutrition, food sciences, or nursing, nutritionists and health professionals, government officials working in relevant departments, and finally, anyone interested in human milk and infant formula. Reviews both human milk biochemistry and infant formula processing technology for broad coverage Features a comprehensive review on the human milk protein profile using proteomics technology Contains information on infant formula processing technology Provides guidelines on infant formula clinical trials and related topics

Download or read book Whey and Lactose Processing written by J. G. Zadow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It would be difficult to imagine a more appropriate means of marking the Jubilee of the Dairy Research Laboratory, Division of Food Processing, CSIRO, than a publication on whey and lactose processing. The genesis of the Laboratory in 1939 was when the Australian dairy industry was very largely based on the supply of cream from farms to numerous butter factories, the skim milk being fed to pigs. By the mid-1940s, when Geof frey Loftus-Hills was appointed in charge ofthe fledgling Dairy Research Section, the main objective of the Section-the full utilization of the con stituents of milk for human food-had been firmly established. Over the next two decades progress towards this objective was exemplified by the scientific and technological contributions made in specialized milk powders for use in recombining and in the manufacture of casein and cheese. Meanwhile farming practices changed from cream production to the supply of refrigerated whole milk to the factories. By the late 1960s the increasing production of cheese and casein had re sulted in almost 2 million tonnes of whey per annum. This represented not only a waste disposal problem, but also under-utilization of over 100000 t of milk solids. The Laboratory had now grown to a staff of around 70, so it was possible to allocate some resources to this extra challenge.

Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants and published by 中国法制出版社. This book was released on 2007-01-05 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proper formulation of diets for small ruminants depends on adequate knowledge of their nutrient requirements.

Download or read book Sheep Goat and Cervid Medicine E Book written by David G. Pugh and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW! Coverage of cervids has been added to chapters throughout the book, reflecting the growing popularity of deer and elk. NEW! Thorough content updates are made throughout the book and reflect the latest research evidence. NEW! 170 new clinical photos have been added. NEW! Anesthesia and Pain Management chapter includes a new section on pain management strategies, reflecting the emphasis on controlling pain in small ruminants. NEW! Expert Consult website offers an online version of the book, making it easy to search the entire book electronically. NEW! Two new authors are respected and well-known veterinary medicine experts and educators: Dr. Misty Edmondson and Dr. Thomas Passler.

Download or read book Milk and Dairy Products in Human Nutrition written by Ellen Muehlhoff and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Milk and dairy products are a vital source of nutrition for many people. They also present livelihood opportunities for farm families, processors and other stakeholders in dairy value chains. Consumers, industry and governments need up-to-date information on how milk and dairy products can contribute to human nutrition and how dairy-industry development can best contribute to increasing food security and alleviating poverty. This publication is unique in drawing together information on nutrition, and dairy-industry development, providing a rich source of useful material on the role of dairy products in human nutrition and the way that investment in dairy-industry development has changed.

Download or read book Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health written by Guoyao Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amino acids (AAs) are not only building blocks of protein, but are also signalling molecules as well as regulators of gene expression and the protein phosphorylation cascade. Additionally, AAs are key precursors for syntheses of hormones and low-molecular weight nitrogenous substances with each having enormous biological importance. For example, physiological concentrations of AA metabolites (e.g., nitric oxide, polyamines, glutathione, taurine, thyroid hormones, and serotonin) are required for cell functions. Growing evidence shows that humans and animals have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs. Mammals, birds and fish also have species- and age-dependent needs for some AA-related substances. However, elevated levels of other products (e.g., ammonia, homocysteine, H2S, and asymmetric dimethylarginine) are pathogenic factors for neurological disorders, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, optimal amounts of AAs and their ratios in diets and circulation are crucial for whole body homeostasis and health. Adequate provision of one or a mixture of functional AAs or metabolites may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle (e.g., fetal growth restriction, neonatal morbidity and mortality, weaning-associated intestinal dysfunction and wasting syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility). Dietary supplementation of these nutrients can also optimize the efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, and athletic performance, while preventing excess fat deposition and reducing adiposity. Therefore, functional AAs hold great promise in improving the growth, health and well-being of individuals. Chapter 7 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Download or read book Milk Proteins written by C.A. Barth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the state of knowledge and progress of research on food proteins, and in particular, milk proteins. Its basis is the Symposium on Milk Proteins that was held at the Federal Dairy Research Centre in Kiel, FRG, in June, 1988. Scien tists from around the world attended and addressed pure, as well as applied fields of protein research and technology. This book is divided into five sections, each adapted from the symposium's invited lectures, short communications, and poster presentations. New criteria for the "bio logical value" of dietary proteins and their relationships are considered according to: - Milk Proteins and Nitrogen Equilibrium - Milk Proteins and Ligands - Milk Proteins: Structural and Genetic Aspects - Milk Proteins: Technological and Functional Aspects - Milk Proteins and Clinical Nutrition Generally, different dietary proteins are classified according to their "biological value," i.e., their capacity to cause different retention of nitrogen in the body. But we think there are other intriguing leads worth studying that may help to identify which dietary proteins are best recommended for specific dietary situations or clini cal conditions. In addition, we have taken into consideration new fields such as attempts to determine the three-dimensional structure of proteins using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, and the application of genetic engineering to the lactating cell. In other words, we are on the way to the transgenic cow with customized milk constituents and composition.

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: