Download or read book Use of Genetic Suppressor Elements to Identify Potential Breast Tumor Suppressor Genes written by Marija Zeremski and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ING1 is recently isolated breast cancer candidate tumor suppressor gene. In this study, structure and expression of the mouse ing1 gene were analyzed. Ing1 is transcribed from three differently regulated promoters. Each of the resulting transcripts represents two exons; they share a long common region encoded by a common exon and differ in their 5'-exon sequences encoded by alternative 5'-exons. Three alternative transcripts of ing1 encode two proteins one of which is a truncated version of the other. Protein sequences encoded by mouse and human ing1 are highly conserved. Expression of ing1 mRNA expression correlates with cell proliferation suggesting a connection between cell growth regulation and ing1 expression. Embryonic stem cells with heterozygous deletion of ing1 common exon are prepared as a first step in the generation of ing1 knockout mice. Analysis of ing1 knockout animals should give important information about the role ing1 might have in carcinogenesis.
Download or read book A Breast Tumor Suppressor Gene on 8p22 Identification by the Genetic Suppressor Element Approach written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are currently investigating a putative tumor suppressor gene (TSG) located at chromosomal band 8p22 and its potential gene targets that are involved in breast cancer. We previously proposed to apply the genetic suppressor element (GSE) approach to the identification of this TSG. Briefly, a library of short gene fragments will be introduced into a cell line which demonstrates suppression of clonogenicity in soft agar with the transfer of chromosome 8. Presumably, the 8p22 TSG is responsible for the suppression of clonogenicity, and the introduction of an "active" GSE from the library into the suppressed cells should inhibit the 8p22 TSG contained in the hybrid cells and allow reversion back to the parental phenotype, the ability to grow in soft agar. Any clones that form will be isolated and further evaluated, as a candidate for the TSG.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tumor Suppressor Genes written by Katherine R. Polinsky and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tumour suppressor gene is a gene that reduces the probability that a cell in a multicellular organism will turn into a tumor cell. A mutation or deletion of such a gene will increase the probability of the formation of a tumor. Unlike oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes generally follow the 'two-hit hypothesis', which implies that both alleles that code for a particular gene must be affected before an effect is manifested. This is due to the fact that if only one allele for the gene is damaged, the second can still produce the correct protein. However, there are cases where mutations in only one allele will cause an effect. A notable example is the gene that codes for p53. Tumor suppressor genes, or more precisely, the proteins for which they code, either have a dampening or repressive effect on the regulation of the cell cycle or promote apoptosis, and sometimes do both. This book presents new and important research from throughout the world.
Download or read book Genes and Cancer written by Guy-Joseph Lemamy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-09-11 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is a malignant tumor caused by DNA damage, which leads to uncontrolled cell growth. Tumor progression is locally favored by the mitogenic effects of hormones or growth factors, which stimulate the tumor's growth, or the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, which induces angiogenesis and leads to metastasis. About 300 out of 25,000 genes that set up the human genome are involved in cancer pathology. These genes are divided into three groups: oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. Activated oncogenes promote the development of cancer, whereas the tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes have a protective role by respectively inhibiting cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis, or by repairing DNA damage occurring during the cell cycle. This book discusses the issue of tumor suppressor genes through chapters written by experts using advanced biochemistry, cell, and molecular biology tools. The tumor suppressor genes can be used as markers of risk to identify populations with high risk or targets for cancer treatment and therapeutic resistance. We hope that the work provided in this book will be useful for researchers and students and will increase knowledge of the understanding of cancer and improve its treatment.
Download or read book Mammography and Beyond written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-23 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year more than 180,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in women in the U.S. If cancer is detected when small and local, treatment options are less dangerous, intrusive, and costly-and more likely to lead to a cure. Yet those simple facts belie the complexity of developing and disseminating acceptable techniques for breast cancer diagnosis. Even the most exciting new technologies remain clouded with uncertainty. Mammography and Beyond provides a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on the state of breast cancer screening and diagnosis and recommends steps for developing the most reliable breast cancer detection methods possible. This book reviews the dramatic expansion of breast cancer awareness and screening, examining the capabilities and limitations of current and emerging technologies for breast cancer detection and their effectiveness at actually reducing deaths. The committee discusses issues including national policy toward breast cancer detection, roles of public and private agencies, problems in determining the success of a technique, availability of detection methods to specific populations of women, women's experience during the detection process, cost-benefit analyses, and more. Examining current practices and specifying research and other needs, Mammography and Beyond will be an indispensable resource to policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, researchers, women's health advocates, and concerned women and their families.
Download or read book Holland Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates
Download or read book Identification of Potential Tumor Suppressor Genes on the 16q24 3 Breast Cancer Loss of Heterozygosity Region written by Anthony John Bais and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cancer and the Environment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine wanted to address the link between environmental factors and the development of cancer in light of recent advances in genomics. They asked what research tools are needed, how new scientific information can be applied in a timely manner to reduce the burden of cancer, and how this can be flexible enough to treat the individual.
Download or read book Genetic Screen Identifies Candidate Breast Cancer Tumor Dormancy Suppressor Genes Using Cellecta s Decipher Pooled shRNA Libraries written by Julie Elaine McGrath and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes in Breast Cancer Using Gene Tapping Technique written by Leia M. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is a multi-step process resulting from a number of genetic changes in cells. The role of tumor suppressor genes in breast carcinogenesis, especially at the early stage, remains largely unknown. We hypothesize that during the transformation of a breast epithelial cell, loss of function of several yet unidentified genes (tumor suppressors) results in either a partially or fully transformed phenotype. The aim of this study is to identify% novel tumor suppressor genes involved in breast epithelial transformation using the gene-trapping technique. We used the polyA-trap retroviral vector pRET for infection into non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells MCF 1 0A. We screened for clones where functional genes have been "trapped" by selection for G4 18-resistance. We essentially established a gene-trapped library of MCF 1 0A clones where expression of a single gene per clone is disrupted. We screened for transformed clones using the soft-agar cloning assay for anchorage independent growth. We isolated 25 transformed clones and identified the trapped genes in 5 clones by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3 RACE). We identified 2 known genes and 2 novel genes as putative tumor suppressor genes. Further characterization of these genes will elucidate their role in the early transformation process in breast epithelial cells.
Download or read book Identification of Transcriptionally Deregulated Genes in Breast Cancer written by Minh Dong To and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Isolation of a Breast Cancer Tumor Suppressor Gene From Chromosome 3p written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Loss of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) represent critical molecular events in the development and progression of breast cancer. Based on loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies as well as direct cytogenetic studies of breast tumors, one or more TSGs likely resides on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) and appears to be involved in nearly 50% of breast cancers. Four distinct regions within 3p PL2, PL4, P2L (PROXIMAL) AND P2L (DISTAL) undergo recurrent deletions in human carcinomas and are the most likely sites for a breast cancer TSG. We demonstrated recurrent homozygous deletion or rearrangement in breast cancer cell lines involving 3pl4. A set of DNA clones spanning the critical region has been sequenced revealing several potential gene coding segments, some of which we now know are expressed in breast tumors. YACs containing the critical region have been modified with the Neomycin resistance gene for selective retention in mammalian cells. Introduction of the YAC into a murine fibrosarcoma cell line appears to inhibit its tumorigenicity, supporting the hypothesis that a tumor suppressor gene resides in the critical region. Evaluation of other regions for involvement in breast cancer as originally proposed using deletion detection, DNA sequence analysis, gene isolation and expression assays, is ongoing.
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Human Breast Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is a disorder brought upon by the accumulation of specific mutations in the cancerous cells. Our understanding of the disease, and potentially its diagnosis and therapeutic treatment, is enhanced by defining the genetic lesions that cause it. Representational difference analysis, or RDA, was developed to do just this. RDA is a DNA subtraction methodology that finds sequences present in one DNA population, the tester, that is absent or reduced in a second, the driver (1, 2). RDA has been used to discover sequences lost or amplified in the genomic DNA of the cancerous cells (3). Genetic loss and gene amplification are hallmarks of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, respectively. We have been applying RDA to the discovery of sequences lost in breast cancer. At least three loci undergoing loss in breast cancer have been identified. The transcriptional potential of these loci is being explored. Characterization of many other RDA probes is in progress. We expect that the continued execution of our stated plan will accomplish our stated goal, the identification of tumor suppressor genes that are commonly involved in breast cancer.
Download or read book Genetic Basis for Carcinogenesis written by Takamatsu no Miya Hi Gan Kenkyū Kikin. International Symposium and published by Taylor & Francis Group. This book was released on 1990 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together the latest studies on various aspects of molecular oncology. It emphasizes the current view that oncogenes and suppressor genes need to be discussed in the same context.
Download or read book Identification of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Breast Cancer by International Mutagenesis and Functional Inactivation written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in Western women, affecting up to one in 10 women during their lifetime and approximately 40,000 women dying from the disease each year in the U.S. Tumor genetic profiling through such methods as loss of heterozygosity (LOM) screening, comparative genomic hybridization (CGll), and cDNA microarrays all point to the same conclusion that a number of genetic changes are responsible for the malignant phenotype. For example, genes involved in breast cancer progression include amplification of oncogenes such as MYC, ERBB2, CCNDl and mutation of tumor suppressor genes TP53 and CHDlL. In case of hereditary breast cancer, germline mutations of tumor suppressor genes PTEN on chromosome 10q23.3, ATM on chromosome 1 lq22-q23, BRCAl on chromosome l7q21, and BRCA2 on chromosome l3ql2.3 were also shown to involve in the tumor progression 2. These data represent a significant advance in our understanding of molecular genetics of breast cancer. However, breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that entails complex genetic alterations in which tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and modulator genes were mutated. Multi step genetic alterations transform normal mammary epithelial cells via the steps of hypeiplasia, premalignant change, in situ carcinoma, invasion, and metastases. Genome-wide searching for the alterations and the elucidation of molecular events involved in these steps is the main focus for new strategies targeted at diagnosis, prevention and treatment.
Download or read book A Potential Tumor Suppressor Protein Expression and Function in Human Breast Cancer Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a search for genes with a role in hormonal control of cell proliferation, we cloned a novel progestin-induced gene, EDD (previously DD5) that appears to be the human homologue of the hyd tumor suppressor gene of Drosophila melanogaster. By amino acid homology with other known proteins it is likely that the EDD protein is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, enzymes which target one or more key proteins for destruction by ubiquitin- mediated proteolysis. The interaction between EDD and two potential ubiquitination substrates was further confined%. EDD was found to contain 2 nuclear localization signals both of which confer ability to interact with the nuclear import molecule importin alpha1. This was supported by the expression of green fluorescent protein-EDD fusion protein visualized predominantly in the nucleus of several cell types. A new system for inducible mammalian expression of EDD was tested and EDD cDNA from 26 breast, ovarian and prostate cancer cell lines was sequenced to determine the frequency of mutations in the EDD gene. Two high quality publications will result from this work.
