Download or read book Use of 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Cerebral Blood Volume written by Dongfeng Lu and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Validation of Cerebral Blood Volume Measurements Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Azim Celik and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measurements of Cerebral Blood Volume Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and written by Luminita Alina Tudorica and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measuring Resting Cerebral Perfusion using Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI written by James Duffin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-07-12 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The acquisition of resting cerebral perfusion measures using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the assessments of cerebrovascular health used to discern how well patients are coping with anatomical changes such as stenosis, and other factors impacting the supply of blood flow to the brain. Perfusion measures may be obtained using several MRI based techniques including arterial spin labeling (ASL) and dynamic contrast enhanced methods that rely on injected contrast agents such as gadolinium. Recently hypoxia-induced changes in deoxyhemoglobin have been used as a non-invasive contrast agent, measuring the resulting changes in blood oxygen dependent (BOLD) signals with MRI. With each approach, the means through which voxel-wise cerebral perfusion information is derived differs, leading to the development a variety of analysis methods in recent studies. This Research Topic is intended to attract manuscripts that advance the use of resting cerebral perfusion measures in clinical assessments of cerebrovascular health. In pursuit of this aim a better understanding of several aspects are needed.

Download or read book Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebral Blood Volume written by Bojana Stefanovic and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation describes a novel method for quantifying venous cerebral blood volume (CBVv) changes accompanying normal functional activation and employs quantitative functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods to study the hemodynamic and metabolic changes accompanying neuronal inhibition. An in vivo occipital lobe relaxometry study was performed first to investigate the dependence of the spin-spin relaxation time constant of tissue, T2tissue , on the refocusing interval over the range of interest and thus test the basis of the proposed CBVv method. The small decrease of the apparent T2tissue with refocusing interval elongation is consistent with blood being the only significant source of refocusing interval dependence of apparent T2 in grey and white matter of the occipital lobe. In ensuing in vitro blood relaxometry studies, ensemble fitting of the entire set of T2blood estimates, obtained over an extensive range of blood oxygenation levels and refocusing intervals, was performed using both the fast chemical exchange model and the model of diffusion in weak magnetic field inhomogeneities. The results support the application of a diffusion model in describing the deoxyhemoglobin-induced enhancement in blood transverse relaxation rate at 1.5 T. Given the uniqueness of T2blood dependence on the refocusing rates over the range of interest, the novel CBVv method - venous refocusing for volume estimation (VERVE) - successfully isolates the blood signal by refocusing rate variation. A model of functional brain activation was developed and in vitro blood relaxometry data used to assess the effect of the intravascular spin-echo blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast on the activation-induced VERVE signal change, allowing robust estimation of venous CBV changes. The method was demonstrated in a visual stimulation study of healthy young adults, where an average venous blood volume in the visual cortex increase was estimated" --

Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cerebral Blood Volume written by Teodora-Adriana Perles-Barbacaru and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-06 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cerebral blood volume fraction (CBVf) mapping by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide information about tumor angiogenesis. The Rapid Steady State T1 (RSST1) MRI method, based on a two-compartment model, intra- and extravascular, and on the longitudinal relaxivity of intravascular contrast agents (CAs), is developed and validated on healthy rats at 2.35 T (CBVf: 2 to 3%) using Gd-DOTA, approved for clinical use, and the experimental CA P760. Gd-ACX and SINEREM are evaluated for their blood pool properties in two rat glioma models C6 and RG2. The CBVf measures in tumor tissue are confirmed by histologic vascular morphometric analysis and were compared with those obtained by a DeltaR2*-based steady state method using the same SINEREM injection. In case of CA extravasation, such as occurs in tumor tissue with Gd-DOTA, the CBVf along with the transfer coefficient (related to the endothelial permeability) were obtained by pharmacokinetic two-compartment analysis of dynamic RSST1 acquisitions. In conclusion, the RSST1 method in conjunction with appropriate CAs can be used for longitudinal angiogenesis studies to quantify the CBVf and the vascular permeability."

Download or read book Cerebral MR Perfusion Imaging written by A. Gregory Sorensen and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2000 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will familiarize the reader with the basic principles of perfusion MR imaging. Relevant technical aspects, contrast agents, and the postprocessing of images are presented, and imaging protocols are provided. Dedicated software for personal use on the postprocessing of images is provided on a CD-ROM containing hundreds of images and movie clips that demonstrate all concepts. In addition to the technical details of acquisition and postprocessing, numerous examples of the application of these tools in the clinical setting are also shown. In particular, the book includes a discussion of the role of perfusion MRI in the current evaluation of cerebrovascular disease, including an integrative approach using diffusion in conjunction with perfusion imaging. This text covers: all relevant technical aspects of perfusion MR imaging imaging protocols application of these tools in a clinical setting integration of diffusion imaging with perfusion imaging for enhanced diagnostic capabilities Also addressed are the role of perfusion MRI in the assessment of cerebral neoplasia, challenges and opportunities for treatment that tumors present, and the particular strengths of perfusion MRI, such as its relatively high resolution and possible microvascular specificity. For both newcomers and experienced practitioners, this is a nuts-and-bolts description of an important new technique.

Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow written by Aldo Rescigno and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Cerebral Blood Flow: Mathematical Models, Instrumentation, and Imaging Techniques" was held in L'Aquila, Italy, June 2-13, 1986. Contributions to this program were received from the University of L'Aquila, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Siemens Elettra S.p.A., and Bracco S.p.A. Recent studies of the cerebral blood circulation have lagged behind analysis of other parameters such as glucose utilization, transmitter distribution, and precursors. This Advanced Study Institute tried to fill this gap by analyzing in detail different physical techniques such as Autoradiography (including Double-Tracer Auto radiography and highly specific tracers as Iodoantipyrine, Micro spheres), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Each method was analyzed in regards to its precision, resolution, response time. A considerable part of this Institute was devoted to the mathematics of CBF measurement, in its two aspects, i.e. the modeling of the underlying kinetic system and the statistical analysis of the data. The modeling methods proposed included the development of a differential algebra whereby the differential and integral equations involved could be solved by simple algebraic methods, including graph theoretical ones; the statistical methods proposed included the illustration of different parametrizations of possible use in the interpretation of experimental results.

Download or read book Analysis of Blood Oxygenation and Cerebral Blood Volume Responses in Fuctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Alert Primate written by Alexandre Hutton and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an indirect measure of local neuronal activity. While the mechanisms underlying the positive BOLD response (PBR) are fairly well-understood, the mechanisms for the negative BOLD response (NBR) are not. Further, there have been inconsistencies between non-human primate (NHP) and human studies with regard to the sign of the cerebral blood volume response associated with NBR. There have also been inconsistencies between primate and human subjects in the magnitude of the NBR to different types of stimuli, namely flickering and rotating checkerboards. Specifically, rotating checkers stimuli, which have been commonly used and elicited NBRs in the visual cortex of primates, elicited only a diminished NBR in the human visual cortex. The purpose of this study is to further investigate the mechanisms for the NBR, as well as to verify whether the NBR in alert macaques is consistent with either previously-reported results in anesthetized macaques or alert humans. To investigate these inconsistencies, we established a protocol to acquire fMRI data from an alert and behaving NHP. We measured the BOLD response to four different stimuli, in order to establish areas of PBR and NBR. The stimuli consisted of flickering or rotating checkerboard rings which could be either small or large. We then compared the BOLD responses to cerebral blood volume (CBV)-sensitive responses, acquired in scans using ferumoxytol, an iron-based contrast agent. Acquiring these data allowed us to compare the relationship between the PBR, NBR, and CBV, as well as compare the responses to the different stimulus types.Our results show that the experimental protocol was able to replicate the previously-reported relation between the PBR and CBV, where there is an increase in CBV associated with the PBR, and that this relation is consistent across all of our stimuli. We were able to demonstrate that the location of the NBR in the alert primate was predictable and consistent with previous studies in anesthetized primates and alert human studies. We go on to show that there is a decreased CBV response associated with the NBR for small stimuli, similarly to what has been reported in alert human subjects and contrary to the findings from anesthetized primates. The results on the relationship of the NBR and CBV responses for the large stimuli were inconclusive. Lastly, we demonstrate a difference between the responses to flickering and rotating stimuli, and that the underlying difference is not due entirely to changes in CBV. Previous studies reported that NHPs had a NBR response associated with the rotating checkerboard that was more readily detectable than in humans. Here, we report that the magnitude of the NBR associated with the small rotating stimulus is greater than the NBR associated with the flickering stimulus, but that this is reversed for the large stimulus. Both were detectable, in contrast to previously-reported differences between anesthetized NHP and alert humans. " --

Download or read book Automated Slice Selection for Measurement of Total Cerebral Blood Flow by Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Pang-Yu Teng and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NMR In Physiology and Biomedicine written by Robert J. Gillies and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive review of modern nuclear magnetic resonance approaches to biomedical problems in vivo using state-of-the-art techniques. It devotes equal attention to the methods and applications of NMR and addresses the potential of each of the techniques discussed. The volume includes late-breaking areas such as functional imaging, flow imaging, bioreactor spectroscopy, and chemical shift imaging. All chapters are written in a "current concepts" style that renders information accessible to readers at all levels. Contributors are known experts in the field, lending the book an international perspective.

Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Robert W. Brown and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New edition explores contemporary MRI principles and practices Thoroughly revised, updated and expanded, the second edition of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design remains the preeminent text in its field. Using consistent nomenclature and mathematical notations throughout all the chapters, this new edition carefully explains the physical principles of magnetic resonance imaging design and implementation. In addition, detailed figures and MR images enable readers to better grasp core concepts, methods, and applications. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Second Edition begins with an introduction to fundamental principles, with coverage of magnetization, relaxation, quantum mechanics, signal detection and acquisition, Fourier imaging, image reconstruction, contrast, signal, and noise. The second part of the text explores MRI methods and applications, including fast imaging, water-fat separation, steady state gradient echo imaging, echo planar imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and induced magnetism. Lastly, the text discusses important hardware issues and parallel imaging. Readers familiar with the first edition will find much new material, including: New chapter dedicated to parallel imaging New sections examining off-resonance excitation principles, contrast optimization in fast steady-state incoherent imaging, and efficient lower-dimension analogues for discrete Fourier transforms in echo planar imaging applications Enhanced sections pertaining to Fourier transforms, filter effects on image resolution, and Bloch equation solutions when both rf pulse and slice select gradient fields are present Valuable improvements throughout with respect to equations, formulas, and text New and updated problems to test further the readers' grasp of core concepts Three appendices at the end of the text offer review material for basic electromagnetism and statistics as well as a list of acquisition parameters for the images in the book. Acclaimed by both students and instructors, the second edition of Magnetic Resonance Imaging offers the most comprehensive and approachable introduction to the physics and the applications of magnetic resonance imaging.

Download or read book Sourcebook of Models for Biomedical Research written by P. Michael Conn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-07 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collection of systems represented in this volume is a unique effort to reflect the diversity and utility of models used in biomedicine. That utility is based on the consideration that observations made in particular organisms will provide insight into the workings of other, more complex systems. This volume is therefore a comprehensive and extensive collection of these important medical parallels.

Download or read book In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy written by Robin A. de Graaf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-11 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents basic concepts, experimental methodology and data acquisition, and processing standards of in vivo NMR spectroscopy This book covers, in detail, the technical and biophysical aspects of in vivo NMR techniques and includes novel developments in the field such as hyperpolarized NMR, dynamic 13C NMR, automated shimming, and parallel acquisitions. Most of the techniques are described from an educational point of view, yet it still retains the practical aspects appreciated by experimental NMR spectroscopists. In addition, each chapter concludes with a number of exercises designed to review, and often extend, the presented NMR principles and techniques. The third edition of In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques has been updated to include experimental detail on the developing area of hyperpolarization; a description of the semi-LASER sequence, which is now a method of choice; updated chemical shift data, including the addition of 31P data; a troubleshooting section on common problems related to shimming, water suppression, and quantification; recent developments in data acquisition and processing standards; and MatLab scripts on the accompanying website for helping readers calculate radiofrequency pulses. Provide an educational explanation and overview of in vivo NMR, while maintaining the practical aspects appreciated by experimental NMR spectroscopists Features more experimental methodology than the previous edition End-of-chapter exercises that help drive home the principles and techniques and offer a more in-depth exploration of quantitative MR equations Designed to be used in conjunction with a teaching course on the subject In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques, 3rd Edition is aimed at all those involved in fundamental and/or diagnostic in vivo NMR, ranging from people working in dedicated in vivo NMR institutes, to radiologists in hospitals, researchers in high-resolution NMR and MRI, and in areas such as neurology, physiology, chemistry, and medical biology.

Download or read book Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Richard B. Buxton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-27 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has become a standard tool for mapping the working brain's activation patterns, both in health and in disease. It is an interdisciplinary field and crosses the borders of neuroscience, psychology, psychiatry, radiology, mathematics, physics and engineering. Developments in techniques, procedures and our understanding of this field are expanding rapidly. In this second edition of Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Richard Buxton – a leading authority on fMRI – provides an invaluable guide to how fMRI works, from introducing the basic ideas and principles to the underlying physics and physiology. He covers the relationship between fMRI and other imaging techniques and includes a guide to the statistical analysis of fMRI data. This book will be useful both to the experienced radiographer, and the clinician or researcher with no previous knowledge of the technology.

Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging in Neurochemistry written by Herman Bachelard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advances in Neurochemistry series was initiated for a readership of neuroscientists with a background in biochemistry. True to this concept, the present volume brings together various applications of magnetic resonance technology to advance our knowledge of how the nervous system functions. Whether at the cellular, tissue slice, or intact organism level. magnetic resonance techniques are by their nature noninvasive, and thus provide a window through which biochemical reactions can be viewed without grinding, binding, or other wise perturbing ongoing physiological processes. As technological improve ments in methodology, such as higher and more uniform magnetic fields, novel paradigms for data analysis, etc. , are made, we find increased sensitivity and improved temporal and spatial resolution for functional imaging techniques on the one hand, and better separation of signals that identify chemical properties in spectral shift studies, on the other. It is upon knowledge such as is described in the twelve chapters that follow, that further advances in scientific discovery and the biomedical applications of tomorrow will be based. We are grateful to Dr. Bachelard, the Volume Editor, and to the authors of the individual chapters for their efforts. We also note that with this volume Dr. Morris Aprison, a co-founder of the Advances in Neurochemistry series has stepped down and acknowledge with thanks his major role in its inception. In addition, we thank our past and present Advisory Editors. Bernard W. Agranoff Kunihiko Suzuki Series Editors ix CONTENTS LIST OF SYMBOLS AND GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXI INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Download or read book MRI of the Lung written by Hans-Ulrich Kauczor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-12 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade significant developments have been achieved in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enabling MRI to enter the clinical arena of chest imaging. Standard protocols can now be implemented on up-to-date scanners, allowing MRI to be used as a first-line imaging modality for various lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension and even lung cancer. The diagnostic benefits stem from the ability of MRI to visualize changes in lung structure while simultaneously imaging different aspects of lung function, such as perfusion, respiratory motion, ventilation and gas exchange. On this basis, novel quantitative surrogates for lung function can be obtained. This book provides a comprehensive overview of how to use MRI for imaging of lung disease. Special emphasis is placed on benign diseases requiring regular monitoring, given that it is patients with these diseases who derive the greatest benefit from the avoidance of ionizing radiation.