Download or read book The Black White Test Score Gap written by Christopher Jencks and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " The test score gap between blacks and whites—on vocabulary, reading, and math tests, as well as on tests that claim to measure scholastic aptitude and intelligence--is large enough to have far-reaching social and economic consequences. In their introduction to this book, Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips argue that eliminating the disparity would dramatically reduce economic and educational inequality between blacks and whites. Indeed, they think that closing the gap would do more to promote racial equality than any other strategy now under serious discussion. The book offers a comprehensive look at the factors that contribute to the test score gap and discusses options for substantially reducing it. Although significant attempts have been made over the past three decades to shrink the test score gap, including increased funding for predominantly black schools, desegregation of southern schools, and programs to alleviate poverty, the median black American still scores below 75 percent of American whites on most standardized tests. The book brings together recent evidence on some of the most controversial and puzzling aspects of the test score debate, including the role of test bias, heredity, and family background. It also looks at how and why the gap has changed over the past generation, reviews the educational, psychological, and cultural explanations for the gap, and analyzes its educational and economic consequences. The authors demonstrate that traditional explanations account for only a small part of the black-white test score gap. They argue that this is partly because traditional explanations have put too much emphasis on racial disparities in economic resources, both in homes and in schools, and on demographic factors like family structure. They say that successful theories will put more emphasis on psychological and cultural factors, such as the way black and white parents teach their children to deal with things they do not know or understand, and the way black and white children respond to the same classroom experiences. Finally, they call for large-scale experiments to determine the effects of schools' racial mix, class size, ability grouping, and other policies. In addition to the editors, the contributors include Claude Steele, Ronald Ferguson, William G. Bowen, Philip Cook, and William Julius Wilson. "

Download or read book Black American Students in An Affluent Suburb written by John U. Ogbu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-02-26 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Ogbu has studied minority education from a comparative perspective for over 30 years. The study reported in this book--jointly sponsored by the community and the school district in Shaker Heights, Ohio--focuses on the academic performance of Black American students. Not only do these students perform less well than White students at every social class level, but also less well than immigrant minority students, including Black immigrant students. Furthermore, both middle-class Black students in suburban school districts, as well as poor Black students in inner-city schools are not doing well. Ogbu's analysis draws on data from observations, formal and informal interviews, and statistical and other data. He offers strong empirical evidence to support the cross-class existence of the problem. The book is organized in four parts: *Part I provides a description of the twin problems the study addresses--the gap between Black and White students in school performance and the low academic engagement of Black students; a review of conventional explanations; an alternative perspective; and the framework for the study. *Part II is an analysis of societal and school factors contributing to the problem, including race relations, Pygmalion or internalized White beliefs and expectations, levelling or tracking, the roles of teachers, counselors, and discipline. *Community factors--the focus of this study--are discussed in Part III. These include the educational impact of opportunity structure, collective identity, cultural and language or dialect frame of reference in schooling, peer pressures, and the role of the family. This research focus does not mean exonerating the system and blaming minorities, nor does it mean neglecting school and society factors. Rather, Ogbu argues, the role of community forces should be incorporated into the discussion of the academic achievement gap by researchers, theoreticians, policymakers, educators, and minorities themselves who genuinely want to improve the academic achievement of African American children and other minorities. *In Part IV, Ogbu presents a summary of the study's findings on community forces and offers recommendations--some of which are for the school system and some for the Black community. Black American Students in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement is an important book for a wide range of researchers, professionals, and students, particularly in the areas of Black education, minority education, comparative and international education, sociology of education, educational anthropology, educational policy, teacher education, and applied anthropology.

Download or read book Ethnic Matching written by Donald Easton-Brooks and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-03-13 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethnic Matching: Academic Success of Students of Color is an in-depth exploration on the impact of ethnic matching in education, the paring of students of color with teachers of the same race. Research shows that this method has a positive and long-term impact on the academic experience of students of color. This book explores what makes this phenomenon relevant in today’s classrooms. Through interviewing quality teachers of color, this book sheds a light on the impact these teachers make on the academic experience of students of color. This approach is meant to provide all teachers valuable insight into techniques for engaging with diverse learners. Also, from these conversations, the book shows how the intentionality of culturally responsive practice can enhance the academic experience of students of color. Topics such as the challenges of recruiting and retaining quality teachers of color, as well as the valuable work being done on the local, state, and national level to promote diversifying the field of education as a way to provide equitable education for all students is also explored in this book.

Download or read book The Wiley Handbook of Group Processes in Children and Adolescents written by Adam Rutland and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A definitive reference on intra- and inter-group processes across a range of age and cultural contexts Children from infancy develop attachments to significant others in their immediate social environment, and over time become aware of other groups (e.g. gender, ethnicity, age, classroom, sports) that they do or do not belong to and why. Recent research shows that children’s attitudes, beliefs and behaviours are significantly influenced by these memberships and that the influence increases through childhood. This Handbook delivers the first comprehensive, international reference on this critical topic.

Download or read book Teaching Diverse Populations written by Etta R. Hollins and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1994-01-25 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents current knowledge about teaching culturally diverse populations, traditionally underserved in the nation's public schools. It approaches the challenge of improving public school education for these students in a variety of ways including relating of cultural and experiential knowledge to classroom instruction, examining the behaviors of teachers who are effective with culturally diverse populations, analyzing effective school models, reviewing models of effective instruction, and exploring ethnic identity as a variable in the formula for school success. The discussions reveal significant insights about the implications and shortcomings of existing knowledge and its application, and offer directions for future research.

Download or read book Black Adolescents written by Reginald Lanier Jones and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The purpose of this book is to present an overview of the contemporary Black adolescent from social, psychological, economic, educational, medical, historical, and comparative perspectives. Most chapter emphasize how race, socioeconomic status, and environmental factors affect this period of development. Topics discussed include education, unemployment, crime, drug use, and pregnancy as well as other related topics.

Download or read book Culturally Responsive Pedagogy written by Dennisha Murff and published by IAP. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Culturally Responsive Pedagogy: Promising Practices for African American Male Students, I take us on a journey into teachers’ perceptions of the impact of implementing culturally responsive pedagogical (CRP) practices on the student learning outcomes of African American male students. The book also helps to identify teachers’ perceptions of the CRP strategies needed in the elementary school setting to address the diverse needs of African American male students. I share the story of educators from a large, diverse elementary school in an urban school district, who have made it their mission to provide African American male students with culturally responsive learning environments where they can thrive. Throughout the book, I make it clear that the implementation of CRP practices has a direct impact on the student learning outcomes of African American male students. The book provides additional research into the existing literature on CRP practices. Through a case study approach, my work allows for additional insight into the potential impact of CRP practices on the student learning outcomes of African American male students in an urban elementary school setting. The book takes us on a journey of highs and lows, ups and downs, and failures and successes. Throughout the book, rich, detailed stories and descriptions are shared based on classroom observations, interviews, and student learning outcomes collected from three elementary school teachers from diverse backgrounds and various years of experience. Classroom observations were conducted using the Culturally Responsive Instruction Observation Protocol™ (CRIOP) instrument to assess the practices being implemented in the classroom. As I focused on the hard realities that face African American male students in today’s classrooms, I identified six emerging themes, including one overarching emerging theme, and three promising practices that surfaced during my research. The CRP practices implemented proved helpful toward increasing learning outcomes for African American male students, and, ultimately, closing the achievement gap. As an African American educator, I have been able to see how the lack of culturally responsive practices creates learning obstacles for African American male students. These learning obstacles continue to plague a group that has been historically marginalized in our society. The implementation of CRP practices provides educators with an avenue to remedy a social justice issue that has plagued our nation for years. The information shared in this book can be beneficial for all those invested in closing the achievement gap and increasing student learning outcomes through the use of culturally responsive practices, including pre-service and in-service teachers, administrators, caregivers, community advocates, educational researchers, and policy makers.

Download or read book Unequal City written by Carla Shedd and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2015-10-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chicago has long struggled with racial residential segregation, high rates of poverty, and deepening class stratification, and it can be a challenging place for adolescents to grow up. Unequal City examines the ways in which Chicago’s most vulnerable residents navigate their neighborhoods, life opportunities, and encounters with the law. In this pioneering analysis of the intersection of race, place, and opportunity, sociologist and criminal justice expert Carla Shedd illuminates how schools either reinforce or ameliorate the social inequalities that shape the worlds of these adolescents. Shedd draws from an array of data and in-depth interviews with Chicago youth to offer new insight into this understudied group. Focusing on four public high schools with differing student bodies, Shedd reveals how the predominantly low-income African American students at one school encounter obstacles their more affluent, white counterparts on the other side of the city do not face. Teens often travel long distances to attend school which, due to Chicago’s segregated and highly unequal neighborhoods, can involve crossing class, race, and gang lines. As Shedd explains, the disadvantaged teens who traverse these boundaries daily develop a keen “perception of injustice,” or the recognition that their economic and educational opportunities are restricted by their place in the social hierarchy. Adolescents’ worldviews are also influenced by encounters with law enforcement while traveling to school and during school hours. Shedd tracks the rise of metal detectors, surveillance cameras, and pat-downs at certain Chicago schools. Along with police procedures like stop-and-frisk, these prison-like practices lead to distrust of authority and feelings of powerlessness among the adolescents who experience mistreatment either firsthand or vicariously. Shedd finds that the racial composition of the student body profoundly shapes students’ perceptions of injustice. The more diverse a school is, the more likely its students of color will recognize whether they are subject to discriminatory treatment. By contrast, African American and Hispanic youth whose schools and neighborhoods are both highly segregated and highly policed are less likely to understand their individual and group disadvantage due to their lack of exposure to youth of differing backgrounds.

Download or read book Urban Schools written by Laura Lippman and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996-12 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Expanding Opportunity in Higher Education written by Patricia Gándara and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dream of public higher education in America is to provide opportunity for many and to offer transformative help to American communities and the economy. Expanding Opportunity in Higher Education explores the massive challenges facing California and the nation in realizing this goal during a time of enormous demographic change. The immediate focus on California is particularly appropriate given the size of the state—it educates one out of every nine students in the country—and its checkered political record with respect to civil rights and educational inequities. The book includes essays not only by academics looking at the state's educational system as a whole, but also by those within the policy system who are trying to keep it going in difficult times. The contributors show that the destiny of California, and the nation, rests on the courage of policymakers, both within the universities and within the government, to move aggressively to reclaim the hope of millions of students who can make enormous contributions to this society if only given the chance.

Download or read book Culturally Responsive Education written by Courtney B. Cazden and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book From Charity to Equity Race Homelessness and Urban Schools written by Ann Aviles de Bradley and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students experiencing homelessness often face overwhelming obstacles that limit both their access to education and their prospects for success in life. The McKinney-Vento Act (1987) was created to ensure that schools provide services that support students in unstable housing situations but, unfortunately, effective implementation of important provisions continues to be elusive. In addition, adults charged with McKinney-Vento implementation in schools voice frustration with overload and lack of support or consistent resources. Through interviews with youth experiencing homelessness, Aviles de Bradley introduces readers to their remarkable resilience under fire and their determination to thrive despite the systemic inequities they encounter daily. The book also explores how poor people of colour experience and interface with social institutions, namely schools, and uncovers important connections between homelessness and racism using a Critical Race Theory framework. Readers are challenged to see McKinney-Vento implementation not as charity, but as an issue of legislated social justice and to work towards educational equity for students experiencing homelessness.

Download or read book Black Teachers on Teaching written by Michele Foster and published by The New Press. This book was released on 1998-04 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An oral history of black teachers that gives "valuable insight into a profession that for African Americans was second only to preaching" (Booklist).

Download or read book Equity and Justice in Developmental Science Implications for Young People Families and Communities written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-26 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Equity and Justice in Development Science: Implications for Diverse Young People, Families, and Communities, a two volume set, focuses on the implications of equity and justice (and other relevant concepts) for a myriad of developmental contexts/domains relevant to the lives of young people and families (e.g. education, juvenile justice), also including recommendations for ensuring those contexts serve the needs of all young people and families. Both volumes bring together a growing body of developmental scholarship that addresses how issues relevant to equity and justice (or their opposites) affect development and developmental outcomes, as well as scholarship focused on mitigating the developmental consequences of inequity, inequality, and injustice for young people, families, and communities. - Contains a wide array of topics on equity and justice which are discussed in detail - Focuses on mitigating the developmental consequences of inequity, inequality, and injustice for young people, families, and communities - Includes chapters that highlight some of the most recent research in the area - Serves as an invaluable resource for developmental or educational psychology researchers, scholars, and students

Download or read book A Cross Section of Educational Research written by Lawrence S Lyne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: • This collection of research articles emphasizes topics of interest to classroom teachers. • The 38 research articles illustrate: •survey research •quantitative content analysis •correlational research •true experimental research •quasi-experimental research •pre-experimental research •single-subject research/behavior analysis •causal-comparative research •program evaluation •qualitative research •combined qualitative/quantitative research •meta-analysis • The lines in each article are numbered sequentially, making it easy to refer to specific parts of the article during classroom discussions. • The availability of a single source of research articles is convenient and helps you avoid copyright infringement problems. • Factual Questions at the end of each article allow students to check their comprehension. • Questions for discussion stimulate classroom discussions of research methods. • After answering the questions, students rate the quality of each article using 13 basic criteria. More detailed criteria in the Appendix may also be applied. • Ideal for courses in which the primary goal is to learn how to evaluate research. • Twenty-one different journals are represented in the 38 articles in this collection. Students see the diversity of educational research since the journals vary in their standards for publication. • New to this edition: Thirteen new articles keep this popular research reader up-to-date.

Download or read book Culture and the Bilingual Classroom written by Henry T. Trueba and published by Rowley, MA : Newbury House Publishers. This book was released on 1981 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yes We Can written by Leanne L. Howell and published by IAP. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yes We Can: Improving Urban Schools through Innovative Educational Reform is a empirically-based book on urban education reform to not only proclaim that hope is alive for urban schools, but to also produce a body of literature that examines current practices and then offer practical implications for all involved in this arduous task. This book is filled with real-world strategies to implement in your quest to inspire and bring about reform. Additionally, we hope that you garner hope from the school personnel, school campuses, and school resources used as examples within the body of this work. We offer this book to all stakeholders who find themselves associated with urban schools: teachers, administrators, parents and even students. Consider this book an empirically based roadmap as you consider being a part of this transformation. We hope that it not only inspire you to adopt the“Yes We Can” spirit, but also empower you to be the beacon of light for urban students whose very future relies on people like you to keep the torch alive.