Download or read book Urbain Le Verrier on the Movement of Mercury Annotated Translations written by Trevor Underwood and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-10 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1916, Einstein proposed three tests of general relativity, subsequently called the "classical tests" of general relativity: - the perihelion precession of Mercury's orbit - the deflection of light by the Sun - the gravitational redshift of light. The key evidence on which Einstein relied to support his theory was the first of these, which related to unexplained errors in the observations of Mercury's orbit reported in 1859 by Urbain Le Verrier, the Director of the Paris Observatory. As the available publications that led to Le Verrier's claim, which were developed over a period of nearly two decades, were complex and only available in French, as part of a larger project, I translated them into English and annotated them, to make them easier to understand. As it appeared that this might be helpful to other researchers, I decided to publish my translations in the current volume. This book provides translations of two books, Le Verrier, U. -J. (1941), Développements sur Plusieurs Points de la Théorie des Perturbations des Planètes (Developments on several points of the Theory of Perturbations of Planets); and Le Verrier, U. -J. (1845), Théorie du mouvement de Mecure (The Theory of the Movement of Mercury); and a 195-page article, Le Verrier, U. -J. (1859), Theorie du Mouvement de Mercure (The Theory of the Movement of Mercury), Chapter XV in the Annales de L'Observatoire Impérial de Paris. It also includes a translation of the 1859 letter in which Le Verrier reported his claim, Lettre de M. Le Verrier à M. Faye sur la théorie de Mercure et sur le mouvement du périhélie de cette planète (Letter from M. Le Verrier to M. Faye on the theory of Mercury and on the perihelion movement of this planet), which was published in the Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences (Paris). The conclusions from this detailed review are that, rather than implying a systematic error in the calculated values, the steady reduction in the errors in the equations of condition could be seen to be a demonstration of a linear improvement in the accuracy of the measurements over time as one might expect, resulting in no adjustment to the elliptic elements, and no difference between the calculated rates of precession, and no support for Einstein's theory of general relativity.
Download or read book Handbook of Teaching Public Policy written by Emily St.Denny and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-01-18 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pragmatic, progressive and global in its approach, this Handbook centres around the key question: How can we teach public policy? Presenting a wide variety of theoretical and methodological perspectives, it expertly examines current approaches to teaching public policy and critically reflects on potential future developments in the field.
Download or read book General Relativity written by Trevor Underwood and published by . This book was released on 2023-11-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides annotated translations of the primary sources, which were largely in German, leading up to Einstein's theory of general relativity, in which Einstein attempted to extend his theory of special relativity beyond space and time, to include matter and gravitational fields, by introducing gravity through his "equivalence principle" - the equivalence of gravity and acceleration. This resulted in Einstein rejecting the second postulate of his theory of special relativity - the postulate on the constancy of the speed of light - in the presence of a gravitational field. This review reveals that Einstein's theory of general relativity it is not a theory of gravity; it is a relativistic theory about the effects of gravitation, or more strictly, of a uniformly accelerated reference frame. There is nothing in any version of this theory that represents or explains or provides any connection to the weak attractive gravitational force between matter. In order to make calculations with his theory, Einstein had to import Newton's empirical law of gravitation. Consequently, the only evidence that Einstein could provide for his theory of general relativity was effectively Newtonian. Part I reviews Newton's laws of motion and of gravitation, his definitions of inertial and gravitational mass, and his equivalence principle, which provide the background to Einstein's theory. Part II provides a detailed analysis of the development of Einstein's theory of general relativity. Part III provides a postscript on subsequent developments, and the Conclusion. In the light of the continued failure of Einstein's efforts to overcome the main objections to his theory of special relativity - the Ehrenfest paradox, and its failure to explain the observed Doppler redshift and blueshift of light - or to provide any evidence for it, and in the absence of any supportive evidence for his theory of general relativity, both theories must be rejected until such objections are overcome and such evidence is provided.
Download or read book Special Relativity written by Trevor Underwood and published by . This book was released on 2023-06-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study concludes that, quite apart from enormity of the consequences of the two postulates of Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity, taken together, including length contraction, time dilation, and the requirement to assume a point electron in the unsuccessful attempt to introduce special relativity into quantum electrodynamics, the evidence in support of Einstein's second postulate on the constancy of the speed of light is far outweighed by the evidence against it. For this reason, until more satisfactory evidence in support of Einstein's second postulate, a refutation of the Ehrenfest paradox, and an explanation for the observed Doppler red shift and blue shift consistent with Einstein's two postulates, is provided, under any normal measure of a theory in physics, Einstein's second postulate, and consequently his theory of special relativity, must be rejected. Part I provides annotated extracts and translations of the original papers leading up to the establishment of Einstein's theory of special relativity and Walter Ritz's competing emission theory of electromagnetic radiation. Part II examines the evidence in support of special relativity between 1905 and 2017. Part III addresses evidence against special relativity, reviews measurements of the speed of light, and provides the Conclusion.
Download or read book Quantum Electrodynamics Annotated Sources Volume II written by Trevor Underwood and published by . This book was released on 2023-04-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is not a sourcebook in the conventional sense. It is a working document which brings together annotated extracts from 107 primary sources, or translations of them, of the development of quantum electrodynamics, so that it is easier for a researcher to deal with the large volume of material. Links to internet copies of the primary documents or alternative sources are provided where available to enable these to be consulted. A summary is provided at the head of each paper and in the Contents. The references in each paper are expanded to include the title (and its translation where relevant), and a copy of the summary where this is available and helpful to avoid unnecessary cross referencing. Biographies of the main contributors are also provided, of which 18 received Nobel Prizes in Physics. The chronological development of the theories of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics constituted an interesting interplay between theory and experiment. Volume I, covering the period from 1896 to 1931 is primarily focused on the development of the largely successful non-relativistic theory of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. Volume II, covering the period from 1930 up until 1965, when Tomonaga, Feynman, and Schwinger received their Nobel prizes, addresses the attempts to formulate a relativistic quantum electrodynamics, or quantum field theory, for the electron, when the energy of the electron is relativistic, and in particular to address, through a process of renormalization, the still unresolved divergencies arising largely, if not entirely, from the assumption of a point electron.
Download or read book Quantum Electrodynamics Annotated Sources Volume I written by Trevor Underwood and published by . This book was released on 2023-04-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is not a sourcebook in the conventional sense. It is a working document which brings together annotated extracts from 107 primary sources, or translations of them, of the development of quantum electrodynamics, so that it is easier for a researcher to deal with the large volume of material. Links to internet copies of the primary documents or alternative sources are provided where available to enable these to be consulted. A summary is provided at the head of each paper and in the Contents. The references in each paper are expanded to include the title (and its translation where relevant), and a copy of the summary where this is available and helpful to avoid unnecessary cross referencing. Biographies of the main contributors are also provided, of which 18 received Nobel Prizes in Physics. The chronological development of the theories of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics constituted an interesting interplay between theory and experiment. Volume I, covering the period from 1896 to 1931 is primarily focused on the development of the largely successful non-relativistic theory of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. Volume II, covering the period from 1930 up until 1965, when Tomonaga, Feynman, and Schwinger received their Nobel prizes, addresses the attempts to formulate a relativistic quantum electrodynamics, or quantum field theory, for the electron, when the energy of the electron is relativistic, and in particular to address, through a process of renormalization, the still unresolved divergencies arising largely, if not entirely, from the assumption of a point electron.
Download or read book Neptune From Grand Discovery to a World Revealed written by William Sheehan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-21 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1846 discovery of Neptune is one of the most remarkable stories in the history of science and astronomy. John Couch Adams and U.J. Le Verrier both investigated anomalies in the motion of Uranus and independently predicted the existence and location of this new planet. However, interpretations of the events surrounding this discovery have long been mired in controversy. Who first predicted the new planet? Was the discovery just a lucky fluke? The ensuing storm engaged astronomers across Europe and the United States. Written by an international group of authors, this pathbreaking volume explores in unprecedented depth the contentious history of Neptune’s discovery, drawing on newly discovered documents and re-examining the historical record. In so doing, we gain new understanding of the actions of key individuals and sharper insights into the pressures acting on them. The discovery of Neptune was a captivating mathematical moment and was widely regarded at the time as the greatest triumph of Newton’s theory of universal gravitation. The book therefore begins with Newton’s development of his ideas of gravity. It examines too the mathematical calculations related to the discovery of Neptune, using new theories and tools provided by advances in celestial mechanics over the past twenty years. Through this process, the book analyzes why the mathematical approach that proved so potent in the discovery of Neptune, grand as it was, could not help produce similar discoveries despite several valiant attempts. In the final chapters, we see how the discovery of Neptune marked the end of one quest—to explain the wayward motions of Uranus—and the beginning of another quest to fill in the map and understand the nature of the outer Solar System, whose icy precincts Neptune, as the outermost of the giant planets, bounds.
Download or read book Electricity Magnetism written by Trevor Underwood and published by . This book was released on 2024-05-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the extraordinary story of the development of our understanding of electricity and magnetism; from Coulomb's measurement of the force between two electric charges using a torsion balance in 1785; Volta's construction in 1799 of the first electrochemical battery, known as a voltaic pile; the discovery of the link between electricity and magnetism by Ørsted in 1819; their combination in the electromagnetic wave theory of light in Maxwell's extraordinary papers, between 1855 and 1865; the recognition that an electric current comprises a flow of free electrons based on Bohr's 1913 theory of the atom; and finally Heisenberg's brilliant demonstration in 1928 that ferromagnetism is a quantum entanglement effect resulting from the spin of the electron and the structure of the molecular lattice. Oliver Heaviside's story is a gem.Part I describes what is general understood by electricity and magnetism. Part II provides a record of the discoveries and the resulting theories prior to Maxwell's papers on electromagnetism. Part III addresses electromagnetic radiation. Part IV reviews the explanation of electrical and magnetic phenomena in terms of the motion and spin of charge particles and quantum theory.
Download or read book Great Astronomers written by Robert Stawell Ball and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sirius written by Jay B. Holberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tells two stories. The first and most obvious is why the star known as Sirius has been regarded as an important fixture of the night sky by many civilizations and cultures since the beginnings of history. A second, but related, narrative is the prominent part that Sirius has played in how we came to achieve our current scientific understanding of the nature and fate of the stars. This is the first book to integrate the cultural history of Sirius with modern astrophysics in a way which provides a realistic view of how science progresses over time.
Download or read book Astrology for Initiates written by Papus and published by Weiser Books. This book was released on 1996-11-01 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papus (1865-1916), lived during a period when an interest in mystery traditions peaked in Europe. This work is a translation of his resulting writings with an introduction that places Papus in a historical perspective. It also includes explanatory notes and supplementary material.
Download or read book Jugaad Innovation written by Navi Radjou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-10 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Jugaad Innovation is the most comprehensive book yet to appear on the subject [of frugal innovation]." —The Economist A frugal and flexible approach to innovation for the 21st century Innovation is a key directive at companies worldwide. But in these tough times, we can't rely on the old formula that has sustained innovation efforts for decades—expensive R&D projects and highly-structured innovation processes. Jugaad Innovation argues the West must look to places like India, Brazil, and China for a new approach to frugal and flexible innovation. The authors show how in these emerging markets, jugaad (a Hindi word meaning an improvised solution born from ingenuity and cleverness) is leading to dramatic growth and how Western companies can adopt jugaad innovation to succeed in our hypercompetitive world. Outlines the six principles of jugaad innovation: Seek opportunity in adversity, do more with less, think and act flexibly, keep it simple, include the margin, and follow your heart Features twenty case studies on large corporations from around the world—Google, Facebook, 3M, Apple, Best Buy, GE, IBM, Nokia, Procter & Gamble, PepsiCo, Tata Group, and more—that are actively practicing jugaad innovation The authors blog regularly at Harvard Business Review; their work has been profiled in BusinessWeek, MIT Sloan Management Review, The Financial Times, The Economist, and more Filled with previously untold and engaging stories of resourceful jugaad innovators and entrepreneurs in emerging markets and the United States This groundbreaking book shows leaders everywhere why the time is right for jugaad to emerge as a powerful business tool in the West—and how to bring jugaad practices to their organizations.
Download or read book Exploring Black Holes written by Edwin F. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Astronomy and Cosmology written by Ian Morison and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-18 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Astronomy & Cosmology is a modern undergraduate textbook, combining both the theory behind astronomy with the very latest developments. Written for science students, this book takes a carefully developed scientific approach to this dynamic subject. Every major concept is accompanied by a worked example with end of chapter problems to improve understanding Includes coverage of the very latest developments such as double pulsars and the dark galaxy. Beautifully illustrated in full colour throughout Supplementary web site with many additional full colour images, content, and latest developments.
Download or read book Fashionable Nonsense written by Alan Sokal and published by Picador. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1996 physicist Alan Sokal published an essay in Social Text--an influential academic journal of cultural studies--touting the deep similarities between quantum gravitational theory and postmodern philosophy. Soon thereafter, the essay was revealed as a brilliant parody, a catalog of nonsense written in the cutting-edge but impenetrable lingo of postmodern theorists. The event sparked a furious debate in academic circles and made the headlines of newspapers in the U.S. and abroad. In Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals' Abuse of Science, Sokal and his fellow physicist Jean Bricmont expand from where the hoax left off. In a delightfully witty and clear voice, the two thoughtfully and thoroughly dismantle the pseudo-scientific writings of some of the most fashionable French and American intellectuals. More generally, they challenge the widespread notion that scientific theories are mere "narrations" or social constructions.
Download or read book Science and Empires written by P. Petitjean and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SCIENCE AND EMPIRES: FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM TO THE BOOK Patrick PETITJEAN, Catherine JAMI and Anne Marie MOULIN The International Colloquium "Science and Empires - Historical Studies about Scientific De velopment and European Expansion" is the product of an International Colloquium, "Sciences and Empires - A Comparative History of Scien tific Exchanges: European Expansion and Scientific Development in Asian, African, American and Oceanian Countries". Organized by the REHSEIS group (Research on Epistemology and History of Exact Sciences and Scientific Institutions) of CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), the colloquium was held from 3 to 6 April 1990 in the UNESCO building in Paris. This colloquium was an idea of Professor Roshdi Rashed who initiated this field of studies in France some years ago, and proposed "Sciences and Empires" as one of the main research programmes for the The project to organize such a colloquium was a bit REHSEIS group. of a gamble. Its subject, reflected in the title "Sciences and Empires", is not a currently-accepted sub-discipline of the history of science; rather, it refers to a set of questions which found autonomy only recently. The terminology was strongly debated by the participants and, as is frequently suggested in this book, awaits fuller clarification.
Download or read book Toward a Theory of Spacepower Selected Essays written by and published by Smashbooks. This book was released on 2011 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
