Download or read book Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users written by Sven Beiker and published by Sae Edge Research Report. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impending deployment of automated vehicles (AVs) represents a major shift in the traditional approach to ground transportation; its effects will inevitably be felt by parties directly involved with the vehicle manufacturing and use (e.g., automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), public transportation systems, heavy goods transportation providers) and those that play roles in the mobility ecosystem (e.g., aftermarket and maintenance industries, infrastructure and planning organizations, automotive insurance providers, marketers, telecommunication companies). The focus of this SAE EDGE Research Report is to address a topic overlooked by many who choose to view automated driving systems and AVs from a "10,000-foot perspective: " the topic of how AVs will communicate with other road users such as conventional (human-driven) vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians while in operation. This unsettled issue requires assessing the spectrum of existing modes of communication - both implicit and explicit, both biological and technological - employed by road users today. NOTE: SAE EDGE(TM) Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE(TM) Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE(TM) Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
Download or read book Unsettled Issues Regarding Visual Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Other Road Users written by Felix Leach and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As automated road vehicles begin their deployment into public traffic, they will need to interact with human driven vehicles, pedestrians, bicyclists, etc. This requires some form of communication between those automated vehicles (AVs) and other road users. Some of these communication modes (e.g., auditory, motion) were previously addressed in 0́−Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users.0́+ Unsettled Issues Regarding Visual Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Other Road Users focuses on visual communication and its balance of reach, clarity, and intuitiveness, and discusses how different visual modes (e.g., simple lights, rich text) can be used between AVs and other road users. A particular emphasis is put on standardization to highlight how uniformity and mass adoption increase communication efficacy.
Download or read book Interaction between Automated Vehicles and other Road Users written by Philipp Wintersberger and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-09-10 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increasing number of automated vehicles will pervade our traffic systems in the future. The absence of a human driver requires these vehicles to communicate to, and interact with other traffic participants, such as vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists, and emerging mobility forms like eBikes or scooters), but potentially also drivers of manual vehicles. In this regard, various studies and concepts demonstrating so-called “external Human-Machine Interfaces” (eHMIs) have been presented in the past couple of years. Many of these works have investigated comparably simple scenarios, such as a single pedestrian aiming to cross the street when an automated vehicle is approaching. Although we still welcome such contributions, research in this area will have to take more complex situations into account. This drives the need for research addressing other situations involving groups of vulnerable road users and traffic participants, different scenarios including roundabouts or urban shared spaces, but also exploring the potential of communication and interaction beyond such classical situations to improve cooperation in traffic.
Download or read book Evaluation of Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Pedestrians written by Janina Bindschädel and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: In today ́s traffic, drivers communicate with pedestrians explicitly through a variety of means, including gestures and eye contact or implicitly through the vehicle itself. Road users infer the driver ́s intention from these communication cues. However, as the level of automation increases, the driver will no longer be in control of the vehicle behavior and will instead be engaged in non-driving related tasks. Nevertheless, automated vehicles (AVs) will still need to coordinate with other road users to ensure road safety and traffic flow, without relying on today ́s driver-centric communication cues. In the recent years, many studies have focused on the design of vehicle behavior and additional external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) to ensure the communication between AVs and pedestrians. In the vast majority of studies, interactions with AVs equipped with a communication interface were found to be more efficient and perceived as safer and more satisfying. To measure the effectiveness of communication, these studies asked participants to explicitly indicate their decision to cross the road. Research on the actual behavior of pedestrians has been neglected so far, probably due to the lack of precise data collection and analysis tools. This dissertation addresses the current state of research and has two aims. First, by presenting five empirical studies, the dissertation takes up the prevalent lack of actual behavior in previous research. It takes a deep dive into exploring pedestrian behavior when it comes to AV-pedestrian interaction, both in laboratory and real-world settings. Secondly, the dissertation deals with the research question of how AVs can communicate with pedestrians. Given that much of the current interaction between road users is based on the motion patterns of the vehicle, we propose to further investigate the role of its "body language" as a communication modality. In addition to eHMIs, we aimed to explore an implicit communication through an artificial vehicle motion, namely active pitch motion. Five empirical studies were conducted to pursue these objectives. All studies analyzed the effect of AV communication on actual pedestrian behavior. Study 1 investigated eHMIs and their behavioral counterparts in terms of actual pedestrian crossing behavior. A motion-based evaluation approach for virtual reality (VR) experiments was developed to operationalize the effectiveness of different eHMIs (Study 1). Derived from the implicit communication literature, Study 2 evaluated a recently discussed artificial vehicle pitch motion in a VR pedestrian simulator. An active pitch motion was pitted against an eHMI and a combination of the two to understand how the motion dynamics of the vehicle affect the comprehension of the AV ́s intention and interacts with the effect of an eHMI. Overall, any form of communication reduced the time taken by pedestrians to make a decision to cross. The results suggest that AV communication is most effective when implicit (active pitch motion) and explicit communication (eHMI) are combined. Study 3 introduced the role of vehicle distance in effective AV communication. The study discussed the potential benefits of a phased communication providing implicit and explicit communication based on distance between the AV and the pedestrian, rather than communicating at a single point in time. Our virtual reality studies suggest that the use of novel eHMIs or pitch motions could bridge the communication gap between AVs and pedestrians. This recommendation needs to be thoroughly validated, and it is of interest how explicit and implicit communication cues influence pedestrian crossing behavior in real-world conditions. In a controlled Wizard of Oz experiment (Study 4), we contrasted an eHMI and an acoustic signal with three pitch motions of the vehicle. Two optical motion tracking systems, a light barrier and a SMARTTRACK3/IF, were used to capture pedestrian behavior in real-world conditions. Consistent with previous work, the eHMI and the acoustic signal had a positive effect on pedestrian crossing behavior, whereas the pitch motion had no effect. Finally, Study 5 compared the applicability of the two optical tracking systems used and concluded with a recommendation on how to capture pedestrian crossing behavior in a real-world setting. Overall, the results of this dissertation demonstrate that the use of behavioral data adds value to the study of AV-pedestrian interaction. In particular, the integration of pedestrian behavior can enhance the understanding of how an AV communication affects traffic flow. Based on this, the dissertation provides an outlook on how behavioral data could be collected in the future in both virtual reality and Wizard of Oz studies to evaluate AV communication concepts. However, the empirical studies also highlighted the current limitations of the research approach, ranging from high inter-individual variation in crossing behavior to the limited generalizability of the findings due to the simplified and artificial experimental setup
Download or read book Interpersonal Communication and Issues for Autonomous Vehicles written by Sergiu C. Stanciu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interpersonal roadway communication is a vital component of the transportation system. Road users communicate to coordinate movement and increase roadway safety. Future autonomous vehicle research needs to account for the role of interpersonal roadway communication. This literature review synthesizes research on interpersonal interaction between drivers, bicyclists, and pedestrians while also directing attention to implications for autonomous and connected vehicle research. Articles were collected from TRID, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using search terms relevant to driving, communication, and vulnerable road users. The synthesis documents that interpersonal communication not only takes place but is also an important and understudied aspect of safe roadway travel. The review also found that road users employ a variety of communication methods that include gestures, facial expressions, and built-in vehicular devices. Comprehension of messages is influenced by a number of factors including culture, context, and experience. These results shed light on potential issues and challenges of interpersonal communication and the introduction of autonomous vehicles to the roadway.
Download or read book Autonomous Vehicle Technology written by James M. Anderson and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.
Download or read book Towards Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Highways written by Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines comprehensive multi-angle discussions on fully connected and automated vehicle highway implementation. It covers the current progress of the works towards autonomous vehicle highway development, which encompasses the discussion on the technical, social, and policy as well as security aspects of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) topics. This, in return, will be beneficial to a vast amount of readers who are interested in the topics of CAV, Automated Highway and Smart City, among many others. Topics include, but are not limited to, Autonomous Vehicle in the Smart City, Automated Highway, Smart-Cities Transportation, Mobility as a Service, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Data Management of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle, Autonomous Trucks, and Autonomous Freight Transportation. Brings together contributions discussing the latest research in full automated highway implementation; Discusses topics such as autonomous vehicles, intelligent transportation systems, and smart highways; Features contributions from researchers, academics, and professionals from a broad perspective.
Download or read book Next gen Urban Buses written by Tsung-Ming Hsu and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2024-08-26 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deployment of autonomous urban buses brings with it the hope of addressing concerns associated with safety and aging drivers. However, issues related autonomous vehicle (AV) positioning and interactions with road users pose challenges to realizing these benefits. This report covers unsettled issues and potential solutions related to the operation of autonomous urban buses, including the crucial need for all-weather localization capabilities to ensure reliable navigation in diverse environmental conditions. Additionally, minimizing the gap between AVs and platforms during designated parking requires precise localization. Next-gen Urban Buses: Autonomy and Connectivity addresses the challenge of predicting the intentions of pedestrians, vehicles, and obstacles for appropriate responses, the detection of traffic police gestures to ensure compliance with traffic signals, and the optimization of traffic performance through urban platooning—including the need for advanced communication and coordination technology to maintain stability and reliability in high-traffic scenarios. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. 9781468608489 9781468608472 https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2024019
Download or read book Smart Transport for Cities and Nations written by Christian Claudel and published by . This book was released on 2018-06-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Beginnings of Communication Study in America written by Wilbur Schramm and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1997-02-12 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considered by most to be the founder of the field of communication studies, Wilbur Schramm could not be more qualified to write The Beginnings of Communication Study in America. This momentous new work acknowledges the seminal contributions of four inspirational scientists whose theories and methods were the foundation for the discipline called communication: Harold D. Lasswell, Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Kurt Lewin, and Carl I. Hovland. This final collection of Wilbur Schramm's perspective in its unfinished form, contains many of his personal insights on the field of communication. The editors have supplemented this volume posthumously by providing a chapter that completes the story of how communication study spread among U.S. Universities, and also contains an exceptional account of the story of Schramm himself, as the founder of communication, and the widespread agreement on his preeminence. The Beginnings of Communication Study in America will fulfill a great need for students, and researchers in mass communication, communication theory, and speech who are interested on the origins and history of communication study, and the significance of Wilbur Schramm's work [Publisher description].
Download or read book Aware written by C. J. Lines and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design and Assessment of External Displays on Autonomous Vehicles for Pedestrian Safety written by Zehao Qin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most vulnerable group in road agents is pedestrians. In the Netherlands, from 2005 to 2009, the average lethality rate for vulnerable road users was 14 per 100 serious road injuries. Prior to autonomous vehicles (AV), conventional vehicles had a human driver that could communicate with pedestrians through signals such as eye gaze, head movements, and hand and arm gestures. With the introduction of AVs, pedestrians can no longer rely on such communication signals. In the future, when all of the control and responsibilities of the human driver gradually transfer to the autonomous driving program, the vehicle's intent communication to pedestrians must evolve as well. The aim of this proposed research was to investigate the efficacy of different external human-machine-interface in communicating autonomous vehicle intent to pedestrians in crossing situations where negotiation between the AV and the pedestrian is required (i.e. jaywalking). With SAE level 4 high automation enabled vehicles, what impact do external human-machine interfaces have on pedestrians' crossing behaviour? what impact do external human-machine interfaces have on pedestrians' general perception of AVs? Three novel design concepts were created to fill the gap of the lack of visual experimentation with displaying the key mental model factors - external speedometer display of the vehicle, speed change indicator (i.e. decelerating/ accelerating), and gap estimation count down timer. The experiment was a within-subject design with 29 levels. The stimulus was structured into a 14 (design cases) x 2 (coloured vs. non-coloured) factorial design. A combination of iconography, text, anthropomorphic features and colour were compared and measured in perceived safety, urgency, usefulness, understandability, emotion comfort, as well as the influence on crossing decisions. A 100-person online study was conducted to understand the impact of external visual displays with high automation (SAE level 4) vehicles on pedestrians' crossing behaviours. The novel concepts open a new discussion for the perception of warning designs where the new visual concepts (i.e. explicitly displaying and varying the symbolism of speed) had strong performance across all measures.
Download or read book Digitizing Human to human Interaction for Automated Vehicles written by Kai Holländer and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eyes Off the Road written by Queena Tea and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous vehicles (AV) technology and the use of semi-autonomous vehicles for public transportation may eventually substitute current drivers/manually-operated transportation methods. Road safety issues and human behavioral concerns with semi-autonomous transportation needs to be addressed in tandem. In this manuscript, published literature reports are used in the assessment of risk factors; autonomous vehicle efficiency, driver age, distractions, other road safety concerns, are assessed against the levels of autonomy in vehicular transportation. The trend towards complete autonomous transportation by manufacturers are identified and discussed. With the advancement in scientific technology, it is possible to accurately track eye movements drivers under naturalistic conditions, while performing secondary tasks, and performing a correlation study of gaze-to attention in autonomous driving simulation would aid in understanding the probability of its impact on road safety and challenges of these transition phases through semi-autonomous vehicles. The young and old drivers present greater crash risks where secondary tasks and high visual demand activities increases risks overall. Challenges posed regarding attention on the road are being addressed by integrating a camera to address visual attention as well as alerting drivers in a sufficient amount of time to disengage prior activities in order to regain control of the vehicle. Most important, the population’s education regarding semi-autonomous vehicles are skewed due of lack of understanding of what its capabilities are and therefore should be educated properly for correct use of automated system in order to improve road safety. It performed and transitioned correctly towards fully autonomous vehicles, new opportunities for many people with visual and mobility limitations could be achieved in the distant future.
Download or read book Communicating Intent in Autonomous Vehicles written by Endrit Muqolli and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prospects of commercially available autonomous vehicles are surely tantalizing, however the implementation of these vehicles and their strain on the social dynamics between motorists and pedestrians remains unknown. Questions concerning how autonomous vehicles will communicate safety and intent to pedestrians remain largely unanswered. This study examines the efficacy of various proposed technologies for bridging the communication gap between self-driving cars and pedestrians. Displays utilizing words like "safe" and "danger" seem to be effective in communicating with pedestrians and other road users. Future research should attempt to study different external notification interfaces in real-life settings to more accurately gauge pedestrian responses.
Download or read book Interaction Between Autonomous Vehicles and Other Road Users a Simulation Study written by Irtiza Rafid Khan and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Autonomous Driving written by Markus Maurer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-21 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".
