Download or read book UNIX and Linux Forensic Analysis DVD Toolkit written by Chris Pogue and published by Syngress. This book was released on 2008-07-24 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses topics in the area of forensic analysis of systems running on variants of the UNIX operating system, which is the choice of hackers for their attack platforms. According to a 2007 IDC report, UNIX servers account for the second-largest segment of spending (behind Windows) in the worldwide server market with $4.2 billion in 2Q07, representing 31.7% of corporate server spending. UNIX systems have not been analyzed to any significant depth largely due to a lack of understanding on the part of the investigator, an understanding and knowledge base that has been achieved by the attacker. The book begins with a chapter to describe why and how the book was written, and for whom, and then immediately begins addressing the issues of live response (volatile) data collection and analysis. The book continues by addressing issues of collecting and analyzing the contents of physical memory (i.e., RAM). The following chapters address /proc analysis, revealing the wealth of significant evidence, and analysis of files created by or on UNIX systems. Then the book addresses the underground world of UNIX hacking and reveals methods and techniques used by hackers, malware coders, and anti-forensic developers. The book then illustrates to the investigator how to analyze these files and extract the information they need to perform a comprehensive forensic analysis. The final chapter includes a detailed discussion of loadable kernel Modules and malware. Throughout the book the author provides a wealth of unique information, providing tools, techniques and information that won't be found anywhere else. - This book contains information about UNIX forensic analysis that is not available anywhere else. Much of the information is a result of the author's own unique research and work. - The authors have the combined experience of law enforcement, military, and corporate forensics. This unique perspective makes this book attractive to all forensic investigators.

Download or read book Practical Linux Forensics written by Bruce Nikkel and published by No Starch Press. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A resource to help forensic investigators locate, analyze, and understand digital evidence found on modern Linux systems after a crime, security incident or cyber attack. Practical Linux Forensics dives into the technical details of analyzing postmortem forensic images of Linux systems which have been misused, abused, or the target of malicious attacks. It helps forensic investigators locate and analyze digital evidence found on Linux desktops, servers, and IoT devices. Throughout the book, you learn how to identify digital artifacts which may be of interest to an investigation, draw logical conclusions, and reconstruct past activity from incidents. You’ll learn how Linux works from a digital forensics and investigation perspective, and how to interpret evidence from Linux environments. The techniques shown are intended to be independent of the forensic analysis platforms and tools used. Learn how to: Extract evidence from storage devices and analyze partition tables, volume managers, popular Linux filesystems (Ext4, Btrfs, and Xfs), and encryption Investigate evidence from Linux logs, including traditional syslog, the systemd journal, kernel and audit logs, and logs from daemons and applications Reconstruct the Linux startup process, from boot loaders (UEFI and Grub) and kernel initialization, to systemd unit files and targets leading up to a graphical login Perform analysis of power, temperature, and the physical environment of a Linux machine, and find evidence of sleep, hibernation, shutdowns, reboots, and crashes Examine installed software, including distro installers, package formats, and package management systems from Debian, Fedora, SUSE, Arch, and other distros Perform analysis of time and Locale settings, internationalization including language and keyboard settings, and geolocation on a Linux system Reconstruct user login sessions (shell, X11 and Wayland), desktops (Gnome, KDE, and others) and analyze keyrings, wallets, trash cans, clipboards, thumbnails, recent files and other desktop artifacts Analyze network configuration, including interfaces, addresses, network managers, DNS, wireless artifacts (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WWAN), VPNs (including WireGuard), firewalls, and proxy settings Identify traces of attached peripheral devices (PCI, USB, Thunderbolt, Bluetooth) including external storage, cameras, and mobiles, and reconstruct printing and scanning activity

Download or read book Digital Forensics with Open Source Tools written by Harlan Carvey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-03-29 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital Forensics with Open Source Tools is the definitive book on investigating and analyzing computer systems and media using open source tools. The book is a technical procedural guide, and explains the use of open source tools on Mac, Linux and Windows systems as a platform for performing computer forensics. Both well-known and novel forensic methods are demonstrated using command-line and graphical open source computer forensic tools for examining a wide range of target systems and artifacts. Written by world-renowned forensic practitioners, this book uses the most current examination and analysis techniques in the field. It consists of 9 chapters that cover a range of topics such as the open source examination platform; disk and file system analysis; Windows systems and artifacts; Linux systems and artifacts; Mac OS X systems and artifacts; Internet artifacts; and automating analysis and extending capabilities. The book lends itself to use by students and those entering the field who do not have means to purchase new tools for different investigations. This book will appeal to forensic practitioners from areas including incident response teams and computer forensic investigators; forensic technicians from legal, audit, and consulting firms; and law enforcement agencies. - Written by world-renowned forensic practitioners - Details core concepts and techniques of forensic file system analysis - Covers analysis of artifacts from the Windows, Mac, and Linux operating systems

Download or read book File System Forensic Analysis written by Brian Carrier and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 2005-03-17 with total page 895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Definitive Guide to File System Analysis: Key Concepts and Hands-on Techniques Most digital evidence is stored within the computer's file system, but understanding how file systems work is one of the most technically challenging concepts for a digital investigator because there exists little documentation. Now, security expert Brian Carrier has written the definitive reference for everyone who wants to understand and be able to testify about how file system analysis is performed. Carrier begins with an overview of investigation and computer foundations and then gives an authoritative, comprehensive, and illustrated overview of contemporary volume and file systems: Crucial information for discovering hidden evidence, recovering deleted data, and validating your tools. Along the way, he describes data structures, analyzes example disk images, provides advanced investigation scenarios, and uses today's most valuable open source file system analysis tools—including tools he personally developed. Coverage includes Preserving the digital crime scene and duplicating hard disks for "dead analysis" Identifying hidden data on a disk's Host Protected Area (HPA) Reading source data: Direct versus BIOS access, dead versus live acquisition, error handling, and more Analyzing DOS, Apple, and GPT partitions; BSD disk labels; and Sun Volume Table of Contents using key concepts, data structures, and specific techniques Analyzing the contents of multiple disk volumes, such as RAID and disk spanning Analyzing FAT, NTFS, Ext2, Ext3, UFS1, and UFS2 file systems using key concepts, data structures, and specific techniques Finding evidence: File metadata, recovery of deleted files, data hiding locations, and more Using The Sleuth Kit (TSK), Autopsy Forensic Browser, and related open source tools When it comes to file system analysis, no other book offers this much detail or expertise. Whether you're a digital forensics specialist, incident response team member, law enforcement officer, corporate security specialist, or auditor, this book will become an indispensable resource for forensic investigations, no matter what analysis tools you use.

Download or read book Linux Forensics written by Philip Polstra and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-07-13 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linux Forensics is the most comprehensive and up-to-date resource for those wishing to quickly and efficiently perform forensicson Linux systems. It is also a great asset for anyone that would like to better understand Linux internals. Linux Forensics will guide you step by step through the process of investigating a computer running Linux. Everything you need to know from the moment you receive the call from someone who thinks they have been attacked until the final report is written is covered in this book. All of the tools discussed in this book are free and most are also open source. Dr. Philip Polstra shows how to leverage numerous tools such as Python, shell scripting, and MySQL to quickly, easily, and accurately analyze Linux systems. While readers will have a strong grasp of Python and shell scripting by the time they complete this book, no priorknowledge of either of these scripting languages is assumed. Linux Forensics begins by showing you how to determine if there was an incident with minimally invasive techniques. Once it appears likely that an incident has occurred, Dr. Polstra shows you how to collect data from a live system before shutting it down for the creation of filesystem images. Linux Forensics contains extensive coverage of Linux ext2, ext3, and ext4 filesystems. A large collection of Python and shell scripts for creating, mounting, and analyzing filesystem images are presented in this book. Dr. Polstra introduces readers to the exciting new field of memory analysis using the Volatility framework. Discussions of advanced attacks and malware analysis round out the book. Book Highlights 370 pages in large, easy-to-read 8.5 x 11 inch format Over 9000 lines of Python scripts with explanations Over 800 lines of shell scripts with explanations A 102 page chapter containing up-to-date information on the ext4 filesystem Two scenarios described in detail with images available from the book website All scripts and other support files are available from the book website Chapter Contents First Steps General Principles Phases of Investigation High-level Process Building a Toolkit Determining If There Was an Incident Opening a Case Talking to Users Documenation Mounting Known-good Binaries Minimizing Disturbance to the Subject Automation With Scripting Live Analysis Getting Metadata Using Spreadsheets Getting Command Histories Getting Logs Using Hashes Dumping RAM Creating Images Shutting Down the System Image Formats DD DCFLDD Write Blocking Imaging Virtual Machines Imaging Physical Drives Mounting Images Master Boot Record Based Partions GUID Partition Tables Mounting Partitions In Linux Automating With Python Analyzing Mounted Images Getting Timestamps Using LibreOffice Using MySQL Creating Timelines Extended Filesystems Basics Superblocks Features Using Python Finding Things That Are Out Of Place Inodes Journaling Memory Analysis Volatility Creating Profiles Linux Commands Dealing With More Advanced Attackers Malware Is It Malware? Malware Analysis Tools Static Analysis Dynamic Analysis Obfuscation The Road Ahead Learning More Communities Conferences Certifications

Download or read book Learning Linux Binary Analysis written by Ryan "elfmaster" O'Neill and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2016-02-29 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncover the secrets of Linux binary analysis with this handy guide About This Book Grasp the intricacies of the ELF binary format of UNIX and Linux Design tools for reverse engineering and binary forensic analysis Insights into UNIX and Linux memory infections, ELF viruses, and binary protection schemes Who This Book Is For If you are a software engineer or reverse engineer and want to learn more about Linux binary analysis, this book will provide you with all you need to implement solutions for binary analysis in areas of security, forensics, and antivirus. This book is great for both security enthusiasts and system level engineers. Some experience with the C programming language and the Linux command line is assumed. What You Will Learn Explore the internal workings of the ELF binary format Discover techniques for UNIX Virus infection and analysis Work with binary hardening and software anti-tamper methods Patch executables and process memory Bypass anti-debugging measures used in malware Perform advanced forensic analysis of binaries Design ELF-related tools in the C language Learn to operate on memory with ptrace In Detail Learning Linux Binary Analysis is packed with knowledge and code that will teach you the inner workings of the ELF format, and the methods used by hackers and security analysts for virus analysis, binary patching, software protection and more. This book will start by taking you through UNIX/Linux object utilities, and will move on to teaching you all about the ELF specimen. You will learn about process tracing, and will explore the different types of Linux and UNIX viruses, and how you can make use of ELF Virus Technology to deal with them. The latter half of the book discusses the usage of Kprobe instrumentation for kernel hacking, code patching, and debugging. You will discover how to detect and disinfect kernel-mode rootkits, and move on to analyze static code. Finally, you will be walked through complex userspace memory infection analysis. This book will lead you into territory that is uncharted even by some experts; right into the world of the computer hacker. Style and approach The material in this book provides detailed insight into the arcane arts of hacking, coding, reverse engineering Linux executables, and dissecting process memory. In the computer security industry these skills are priceless, and scarce. The tutorials are filled with knowledge gained through first hand experience, and are complemented with frequent examples including source code.

Download or read book Handbook of Digital Forensics and Investigation written by Eoghan Casey and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-10-07 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Digital Forensics and Investigation builds on the success of the Handbook of Computer Crime Investigation, bringing together renowned experts in all areas of digital forensics and investigation to provide the consummate resource for practitioners in the field. It is also designed as an accompanying text to Digital Evidence and Computer Crime. This unique collection details how to conduct digital investigations in both criminal and civil contexts, and how to locate and utilize digital evidence on computers, networks, and embedded systems. Specifically, the Investigative Methodology section of the Handbook provides expert guidance in the three main areas of practice: Forensic Analysis, Electronic Discovery, and Intrusion Investigation. The Technology section is extended and updated to reflect the state of the art in each area of specialization. The main areas of focus in the Technology section are forensic analysis of Windows, Unix, Macintosh, and embedded systems (including cellular telephones and other mobile devices), and investigations involving networks (including enterprise environments and mobile telecommunications technology). This handbook is an essential technical reference and on-the-job guide that IT professionals, forensic practitioners, law enforcement, and attorneys will rely on when confronted with computer related crime and digital evidence of any kind. *Provides methodologies proven in practice for conducting digital investigations of all kinds*Demonstrates how to locate and interpret a wide variety of digital evidence, and how it can be useful in investigations *Presents tools in the context of the investigative process, including EnCase, FTK, ProDiscover, foremost, XACT, Network Miner, Splunk, flow-tools, and many other specialized utilities and analysis platforms*Case examples in every chapter give readers a practical understanding of the technical, logistical, and legal challenges that arise in real investigations

Download or read book Practical Forensic Imaging written by Bruce Nikkel and published by No Starch Press. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic image acquisition is an important part of postmortem incident response and evidence collection. Digital forensic investigators acquire, preserve, and manage digital evidence to support civil and criminal cases; examine organizational policy violations; resolve disputes; and analyze cyber attacks. Practical Forensic Imaging takes a detailed look at how to secure and manage digital evidence using Linux-based command line tools. This essential guide walks you through the entire forensic acquisition process and covers a wide range of practical scenarios and situations related to the imaging of storage media. You’ll learn how to: –Perform forensic imaging of magnetic hard disks, SSDs and flash drives, optical discs, magnetic tapes, and legacy technologies –Protect attached evidence media from accidental modification –Manage large forensic image files, storage capacity, image format conversion, compression, splitting, duplication, secure transfer and storage, and secure disposal –Preserve and verify evidence integrity with cryptographic and piecewise hashing, public key signatures, and RFC-3161 timestamping –Work with newer drive and interface technologies like NVME, SATA Express, 4K-native sector drives, SSHDs, SAS, UASP/USB3x, and Thunderbolt –Manage drive security such as ATA passwords; encrypted thumb drives; Opal self-encrypting drives; OS-encrypted drives using BitLocker, FileVault, and TrueCrypt; and others –Acquire usable images from more complex or challenging situations such as RAID systems, virtual machine images, and damaged media With its unique focus on digital forensic acquisition and evidence preservation, Practical Forensic Imaging is a valuable resource for experienced digital forensic investigators wanting to advance their Linux skills and experienced Linux administrators wanting to learn digital forensics. This is a must-have reference for every digital forensics lab.

Download or read book Incident Response written by Douglas Schweitzer and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2003 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * Incident response and forensic investigation are the processes of detecting attacks and properly extracting evidence to report the crime and conduct audits to prevent future attacks * This much-needed reference covers the methodologies for incident response and computer forensics, Federal Computer Crime law information and evidence requirements, legal issues, and working with law enforcement * Details how to detect, collect, and eradicate breaches in e-mail and malicious code * CD-ROM is packed with useful tools that help capture and protect forensic data; search volumes, drives, and servers for evidence; and rebuild systems quickly after evidence has been obtained

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Computational Forensics Digital Crime and Investigation Methods and Solutions written by Li, Chang-Tsun and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2009-11-30 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book provides a media for advancing research and the development of theory and practice of digital crime prevention and forensics, embracing a broad range of digital crime and forensics disciplines"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Digital Forensics with Kali Linux written by Shiva V. N. Parasram and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the skills you need to take advantage of Kali Linux for digital forensics investigations using this comprehensive guide About This Book Master powerful Kali Linux tools for digital investigation and analysis Perform evidence acquisition, preservation, and analysis using various tools within Kali Linux Implement the concept of cryptographic hashing and imaging using Kali Linux Perform memory forensics with Volatility and internet forensics with Xplico. Discover the capabilities of professional forensic tools such as Autopsy and DFF (Digital Forensic Framework) used by law enforcement and military personnel alike Who This Book Is For This book is targeted at forensics and digital investigators, security analysts, or any stakeholder interested in learning digital forensics using Kali Linux. Basic knowledge of Kali Linux will be an advantage. What You Will Learn Get to grips with the fundamentals of digital forensics and explore best practices Understand the workings of file systems, storage, and data fundamentals Discover incident response procedures and best practices Use DC3DD and Guymager for acquisition and preservation techniques Recover deleted data with Foremost and Scalpel Find evidence of accessed programs and malicious programs using Volatility. Perform network and internet capture analysis with Xplico Carry out professional digital forensics investigations using the DFF and Autopsy automated forensic suites In Detail Kali Linux is a Linux-based distribution used mainly for penetration testing and digital forensics. It has a wide range of tools to help in forensics investigations and incident response mechanisms. You will start by understanding the fundamentals of digital forensics and setting up your Kali Linux environment to perform different investigation practices. The book will delve into the realm of operating systems and the various formats for file storage, including secret hiding places unseen by the end user or even the operating system. The book will also teach you to create forensic images of data and maintain integrity using hashing tools. Next, you will also master some advanced topics such as autopsies and acquiring investigation data from the network, operating system memory, and so on. The book introduces you to powerful tools that will take your forensic abilities and investigations to a professional level, catering for all aspects of full digital forensic investigations from hashing to reporting. By the end of this book, you will have had hands-on experience in implementing all the pillars of digital forensics—acquisition, extraction, analysis, and presentation using Kali Linux tools. Style and approach While covering the best practices of digital forensics investigations, evidence acquisition, preservation, and analysis, this book delivers easy-to-follow practical examples and detailed labs for an easy approach to learning forensics. Following the guidelines within each lab, you can easily practice all readily available forensic tools in Kali Linux, within either a dedicated physical or virtual machine.

Download or read book Android Forensics written by Andrew Hoog and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-06-15 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Android Forensics" covers an open source mobile device platform based on the Linux 2.6 kernel and managed by the Open Handset Alliance. This book provides a thorough review of the Android platform including supported hardware devices, the structure of the Android development project, and implementation of core services (wireless communication, data storage, and other low-level functions).

Download or read book Security Strategies in Linux Platforms and Applications written by Michael Jang and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of Security Strategies in Linux Platforms and Applications covers every major aspect of security on a Linux system. Written by an industry expert, this book is divided into three natural parts to illustrate key concepts in the field. It opens with a discussion of the risks, threats, and vulnerabilities associated with Linux as an operating system using current examples and cases. Part 2 discusses how to take advantage of the layers of security available to Linux--user and group options, filesystems, and security options for important services, as well as the security modules associated with AppArmor and SELinux. The book closes with a look at the use of both open source and proprietary tools when building a layered security strategy for Linux operating system environments. Using real-world examples and exercises, this useful resource incorporates hands-on activities to walk readers through the fundamentals of security strategies related to the Linux system.

Download or read book Security Strategies in Linux Platforms and Applications written by Ric Messier and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2022-11-09 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Incorporating real-world examples and exercises throughout, Security Strategies in Linux Platforms and Applications discusses every major aspect of security on a Linux system, including coverage of the latest Linux distributions and kernels. Written by industry experts, the text opens with a review of the risks, threats, and vulnerabilities associated with Linux as an operating system. Part 2 discusses how to take advantage of the layers of security available to Linux - user and group options, filesystems, and security options for important services. The text concludes with a look at the use of both open source and proprietary tools when building a layered security strategy for Linux operating system environments"--

Download or read book Malware Forensics Field Guide for Windows Systems written by Cameron H. Malin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-05-11 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malware Forensics Field Guide for Windows Systems is a handy reference that shows students the essential tools needed to do computer forensics analysis at the crime scene. It is part of Syngress Digital Forensics Field Guides, a series of companions for any digital and computer forensic student, investigator or analyst. Each Guide is a toolkit, with checklists for specific tasks, case studies of difficult situations, and expert analyst tips that will aid in recovering data from digital media that will be used in criminal prosecution. This book collects data from all methods of electronic data storage and transfer devices, including computers, laptops, PDAs and the images, spreadsheets and other types of files stored on these devices. It is specific for Windows-based systems, the largest running OS in the world. The authors are world-renowned leaders in investigating and analyzing malicious code. Chapters cover malware incident response - volatile data collection and examination on a live Windows system; analysis of physical and process memory dumps for malware artifacts; post-mortem forensics - discovering and extracting malware and associated artifacts from Windows systems; legal considerations; file identification and profiling initial analysis of a suspect file on a Windows system; and analysis of a suspect program. This field guide is intended for computer forensic investigators, analysts, and specialists. - A condensed hand-held guide complete with on-the-job tasks and checklists - Specific for Windows-based systems, the largest running OS in the world - Authors are world-renowned leaders in investigating and analyzing malicious code

Download or read book Windows Forensic Analysis Toolkit written by Harlan Carvey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-03-11 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harlan Carvey has updated Windows Forensic Analysis Toolkit, now in its fourth edition, to cover Windows 8 systems. The primary focus of this edition is on analyzing Windows 8 systems and processes using free and open-source tools. The book covers live response, file analysis, malware detection, timeline, and much more. Harlan Carvey presents real-life experiences from the trenches, making the material realistic and showing the why behind the how. The companion and toolkit materials are hosted online. This material consists of electronic printable checklists, cheat sheets, free custom tools, and walk-through demos. This edition complements Windows Forensic Analysis Toolkit, Second Edition, which focuses primarily on XP, and Windows Forensic Analysis Toolkit, Third Edition, which focuses primarily on Windows 7. This new fourth edition provides expanded coverage of many topics beyond Windows 8 as well, including new cradle-to-grave case examples, USB device analysis, hacking and intrusion cases, and "how would I do this" from Harlan's personal case files and questions he has received from readers. The fourth edition also includes an all-new chapter on reporting. - Complete coverage and examples of Windows 8 systems - Contains lessons from the field, case studies, and war stories - Companion online toolkit material, including electronic printable checklists, cheat sheets, custom tools, and walk-throughs

Download or read book Computer Forensics written by Warren G. Kruse II and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2001-09-26 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every computer crime leaves tracks–you just have to know where to find them. This book shows you how to collect and analyze the digital evidence left behind in a digital crime scene. Computers have always been susceptible to unwanted intrusions, but as the sophistication of computer technology increases so does the need to anticipate, and safeguard against, a corresponding rise in computer-related criminal activity. Computer forensics, the newest branch of computer security, focuses on the aftermath of a computer security incident. The goal of computer forensics is to conduct a structured investigation to determine exactly what happened, who was responsible, and to perform the investigation in such a way that the results are useful in a criminal proceeding. Written by two experts in digital investigation, Computer Forensics provides extensive information on how to handle the computer as evidence. Kruse and Heiser walk the reader through the complete forensics process–from the initial collection of evidence through the final report. Topics include an overview of the forensic relevance of encryption, the examination of digital evidence for clues, and the most effective way to present your evidence and conclusions in court. Unique forensic issues associated with both the Unix and the Windows NT/2000 operating systems are thoroughly covered. This book provides a detailed methodology for collecting, preserving, and effectively using evidence by addressing the three A's of computer forensics: Acquire the evidence without altering or damaging the original data. Authenticate that your recorded evidence is the same as the original seized data. Analyze the data without modifying the recovered data. Computer Forensics is written for everyone who is responsible for investigating digital criminal incidents or who may be interested in the techniques that such investigators use. It is equally helpful to those investigating hacked web servers, and those who are investigating the source of illegal pornography.