Download or read book Understanding Within Season Changes in Major League Baseball Attendance written by Tanner Michael Koscinski and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major League Baseball teams play considerably more games per season than the teams in any of the other major professional sports leagues in the United States, providing baseball fans with a large selection of games and frequently resulting in large fluctuations in attendance. In addition to studying the effect of the home and visiting teams' season win percentages on attendance, this paper examines various shorter-term metrics of performance to see which recent performance metric has the most significant impact on a home team's game-to-game attendance numbers. The number of wins in a team's previous 10 home games is shown to be statistically significant and the best recent performance metric to estimate attendance; however, the attendance prediction benefits are not practically much better than a simpler model that ignores such recent performance. This paper also discusses how the magnitude of the variation in a team's attendance numbers can differ from team to team and from season to season and suggests using a team-season standardized attendance response variable to eliminate this difference in variance issue between low average / low variance, high average / high variance, and high average / low variance teams. The models with the team-season standardized response variable consistently outperform models with the traditional attendance response variable.
Download or read book Demand For Offense written by Alexander Cardazzi and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2022, Major League Baseball changed its rules to include the designated hitter position in both the American and National Leagues. Up until that year, designated hitters were only used by American League teams. This rule change creates an environment where half of a major sports league is given a shock to offensive production. We analyze the demand for offense by investigating how the designated hitter affects attendance and offensive production for National League teams. Our results contribute to a rich literature that analyzes how offense affects fan participation, as we provide the first evidence using causal inference that offense increases fan attendance. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we show that the offense created by a designated hitter increases attendance by about 3.5-7.9% at National League home games as a result of the rule change. Given a point estimate increase in total offense of about 4.85%, we find evidence that attendance is likely elastic with respect to total offense.
Download or read book The Effects of Changes in Major League Baseball Playoff Format written by Alexis Irion and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect on attendance of Major League Baseball (MLB) games as a result of the additional playoff round added by the MLB in 2012. Adding another round to the playoffs increases the number of teams qualifying for the playoffs from eight teams to ten teams. More teams towards the end of the season will be in the playoff race than prior to the 2012 season. It is hypothesized that with more teams having a playoff chance, an increase in attendance will result. Home game attendance is a major contributor to team revenue, thus the implications of an increase in attendance would positively impact many teams financially across the league.
Download or read book Major League Baseball Expansions and Relocations written by Frank P. Jozsa, Jr. and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2010-03-08 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study considers the importance of location for new and relocated major league franchises in the more than 130 years since the National League was founded. Included are an analysis of market differences and similarities, team performances and demographics and area economic comparisons. Market data are used to predict future expansions and relocations of major league teams.
Download or read book Pre and Within season Attendance Forecasting in Major League Baseball written by Steffen Q. Mueller and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seasons of Change written by Richard L. Sartore and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Sports Economics Volume 1 written by Leo H. Kahane and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-31 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shmanske and Kahane have organized over 50 essays from prominent Sports Economists into two volumes around two related themes. This second volume explains how sports helps economics via quality data used to test a variety of economic theories.
Download or read book Major League Baseball 2022 Attendance Season in review written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is a review of 2022 Major league baseball attendance highlights. It includes league and team attendance figures.
Download or read book The Postwar Yankees written by David G. Surdam and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2008-12-01 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Postwar Yankees: Baseball's Golden Age Revisited, David G. Surdam deconstructs this idyllic period to show that while the Yankees piled on pennants and World Series titles through the 1950s, Major League Baseball attendance consistently declined and gate-revenue disparity widened through the mid-1950s. Contrary to popular belief, the era was already experiencing many problems that fans of today's game bemoan, including a competitive imbalance and callous owners who ran the league like a cartel. Fans also found aging, decrepit stadiums ill-equipped for the burgeoning automobile culture.
Download or read book The Business of Baseball written by Albert Theodore Powers and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2015-10-03 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The crack of the bat, the cheering of fans and the agility and athleticism of the players are all characteristics that many people fondly associate with Major League Baseball. However, the players' strike and owners' lockout in 1994 and 1995 brought the game under great scrutiny, revealing a side of baseball that is not admirable, honorable, or enjoyable. Nor is this darker side of "America's Pastime" a recent development. The majority of problems in today's Major Leagues are a continuation of ills that have plagued organized baseball since its inception. This book examines the business of baseball, addressing its most significant problems and proposing solutions. It covers some of Major League Baseball's greatest players and their effect on the game and its business. Among the many topics analyzed are the roles of franchise owners, commissioners, and players' unions in organized baseball. The book also examines Major League ballparks and baseball fans, and considers how they are relevant to baseball as a game and a business.
Download or read book Baseball and the Bottom Line in World War II written by Jeff Obermeyer and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did the business of professional baseball fare during World War II? The sport, like many nonessential industries, struggled to find its place in society during a time of war. The men who ran the game faced government interference and manpower shortages that threatened to shut down their businesses for the duration, and they had to balance the need to show a patriotic front to the public while at the same time protecting their investments. Archival and primary sources provide insight into the perceptions of the major league owners and an understanding of how most of them were able to keep their businesses profitable while the nation fought an enormous two-front war.
Download or read book Raceball written by Rob Ruck and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2011-03-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The colliding histories of black and Latin ballplayers in the major leagues have traditionally been told as a story of their shameful segregation and redemptive integration. Jackie Robinson jumped baseball’s color line to much fanfare, but integration was painful as well as triumphal. It gutted the once-vibrant Negro Leagues and often subjected Latin players to Jim Crow racism. Today, Major League Baseball tightens its grasp around the Caribbean’s burgeoning baseball academies, while at home it embraces—and exploits—the legacy of the Negro Leagues. Award-winning historian Rob Ruck explains the catalyst for this sea change while breaking down the consequences that cut across society. By looking at this history from the vantage point of black America and the Caribbean, Raceball unveils a fresh and stunning truth: baseball has never been stronger as a business, never weaker as a game.
Download or read book Promotions and Their Dynamic Effect on Major League Baseball Attendance written by Marcus Jackson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Major League Baseball in the 1970s written by Joseph G. Preston and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the most powerful trends in baseball today have their roots in the 1970s. Baseball entered that decade seriously behind the times in race relations, attitudes toward conformity versus individuality, and the manager-player relationship. In a sense, much of the wrenching change that American society as a whole experienced in the 1960s was played out in baseball in the following decade. Additionally, the game itself was rapidly evolving, with the inauguration of the designated hitter rule in the American League, the evolution of the closer, the development of the five-man starting rotation, the acceptance of strikeout lions like Dave Kingman and Bobby Bonds and the proliferation of stolen bases. This book opens with a discussion of the challenges that faced baseball's movers and shakers when they gathered in Bal Harbour, Florida, for the annual winter meetings on December 2, 1969. Their worst nightmares would be realized in the coming years. For many and often contradictory reasons the 1970s game evolved into a war of competing ideologies--escalating salaries, an acrimonious strike, Sesame Street-style team mascots, and the breaking of the time-honored tradition that all players, including the pitcher, must play on offense as well as defense--that would ultimately spell doom for the majority of attendees.
Download or read book Wins Losses and Empty Seats written by David George Surdam and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2021-08-06 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organized baseball has survived its share of difficult times, and never was the state of the game more imperiled than during the Great Depression. Or was it? Remarkably, during the economic upheavals of the Depression none of the sixteen Major League Baseball teams folded or moved. In this economist's look at the sport as a business between 1929 and 1941, David George Surdam argues that although it was a very tough decade for baseball, the downturn didn't happen immediately. The 1930 season, after the stock market crash, had record attendance. But by 1931 attendance began to fall rapidly, plummeting 40 percent by 1933. To adjust, teams reduced expenses by cutting coaches and hiring player-managers. While even the best players, such as Babe Ruth, were forced to take pay cuts, most players continued to earn the same pay in terms of purchasing power. Baseball remained a great way to make a living. Revenue sharing helped the teams in small markets but not necessarily at the expense of big-city teams. Off the field, owners devised innovative solutions to keep the game afloat, including the development of the Minor League farm system, night baseball, and the first radio broadcasts to diversify teams' income sources. Using research from primary documents, Surdam analyzes how the economic structure and operations side of Major League Baseball during the Depression took a beating but managed to endure, albeit changed by the societal forces of its time.
Download or read book Sports Marketing written by Matthew D. Shank and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-03 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in a fully revised and updated 5th edition, Sports Marketing: A Strategic Perspective is the most authoritative, comprehensive and engaging introduction to sports marketing currently available. It is the only introductory textbook to adopt a strategic approach, explaining clearly how every element of the marketing process should be designed and managed, from goal-setting and planning to implementation and control. Covering all the key topics in the sports marketing curriculum, including consumer behavior, market research, promotions, products, pricing, sponsorship, business ethics, technology and e-marketing, the book introduces core theory and concepts, explains best practice, and surveys the rapidly-changing, international sports business environment. Every chapter contains extensive real-world case studies and biographies of key industry figures and challenging review exercises which encourage the reader to reflect critically on their own knowledge and professional practice. The book’s companion website offers additional resources for instructors and students, including an instructors' guide, test bank, presentation slides and useful weblinks. Sports Marketing: A Strategic Perspective is an essential foundation for any sports marketing or sports business course, and an invaluable reference for any sports marketing practitioner looking to improve their professional practice.
Download or read book Baseball 3rd Ed written by Benjamin G. Rader and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2008-05-02 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this third edition of his lively history of America's game--widely recognized as the best of its kind--Benjamin G. Rader expands his scope to include commentary on Major League Baseball through the 2006 season: record crowds and record income, construction of new ballparks, a change in the strike zone, a surge in recruiting Japanese players, and an emerging cadre of explosive long-ball hitters.
