Download or read book Understanding the Spatial Patterns and Demographic Components of Black Bear Human Conflicts in Wisconsin written by Kirsten Kapp and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mitigating Human black Bear Conflicts by Understanding Spatial Patterns and Associated Site Characteristics written by Mary Wendy von der Porten and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conflict with humans poses a serious risk to the viability of carnivore populations worldwide. Identifying effective non-lethal management strategies demands an understanding of the interplay among multiple drivers of conflict at the scale of conflict situations. I quantified the spatial patterns of human-bear conflict in Whistler, Canada with utilization distributions of conflict incidents. I examined the strength of evidence for the effects of landscape and habitat variables associated with conflict using Resource Utilization Functions, Generalized Least Squares, and model selection. Seasonality emerged as a determinant of spatial variability of conflict with bears using more concentrated attractants in the fall than in the summer or spring. No covariates could be identified as drivers of conflict at a local scale despite the pressing need to design management interventions at this scale. This lack of predictability underscores the necessity for responsive adaptive management policies to reduce human-carnivore conflict in increasingly human-dominated landscapes.
Download or read book Living with Black Bears in Wisconsin written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatial Analysis of Human black Bear Conflicts in Northwestern New Jersey written by Tanya Rohrbach and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatiotemporal Tendencies of Human black Bear Conflicts and the Effects of Current Conflict Mitigation Strategies in Wisconsin written by Zachary K. Voyles and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Patterns of a Generalist Urban Carnivore American Black Bears Ursus Americanus at Lake Tahoe CA written by Mario Klip and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human populations are growing and exert an increasing pressure on remaining wild habitats. Development and encroachment into wild habitats often create a wildland-urban interface. Understanding how and which species are able to persist or even flourish in these shared habitats, is important for conservation purposes and reducing human-wildlife conflict. Human-wildlife conflict may be of particular concern when it involves larger carnivores. Urban wildlife involved in conflict sometimes may be considered to have a lesser ecological value than its wild counterparts. This is particularly the case when animals are thought to be reliant on garbage and other human-provided food sources. However, as wild habitats shrink, wildlife cannot be exclusively preserved in remote wilderness settings. The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is a good example of an adaptable animal that is able to thrive in human-modified habitats but consequently is involved in high levels of reported bear-human conflict. Black bears are not endangered in most of their range, but lessons learned from this charismatic animal are likely applicable in deeper conservation contexts. In this dissertation, I attempted to better understand what it means to be classified as an urban animal, how spatial distributions and resource selection might vary between urban and wild areas, how drought might affect distributions, and how bear behavior might be influenced through human induced stimuli. First, despite its ubiquitous use, the term “urban” was not homogenous throughout the scientific literature and needed to be defined. Spatially defined urban extents have great influence on whether wildlife is deemed urban or not. This was even more important because the prevailing paradigm prior to this study was that black bears observed in urban areas were spending the majority of their time in this habitat. From 2010-2014, I outfitted 27 bears with GPS Iridium radio collars in Lake Tahoe to understand spatial usage. I assessed existing urban definitions and tried to define the most conservative definition that would include human development in the broadest sense. I assessed whether bears were spending 50% or more of their time in urban areas, if they did I considered them urban. During 2010-2011 no bears spent ≥50% of their time in urban areas; during 2012 25% of the bears spent ≥50% of their time in urban areas, whereas during 2013, 2014 and 2015 half of the bears spent ≥50% or more of their time in urban areas. Additionally, I assessed preference at three different orders (scales). While bears appeared to prefer urban habitats at first order (defined as the study area), they generally did not select urban habitats within their home range (second order). Further, I evaluated how home range estimates varied as a result of the method used and between urban and wild habitats. My results indicated that different home range tools and methods yielded different home range sizes and configurations. Home range sizes were not consistently statistically different from other published, mostly wild, bear home ranges. Additionally, I tried to illuminate how use of the urban area might increase as a result of drought. The Lake Tahoe region and California as a whole suffered a prolonged drought from 2012-2016. Wildlife were expected to seek out anthropogenic resources in close proximity to human habitation to overcome natural food deficits. An uptick in urban use in 2014 was noted and might be attributable to drought conditions. An effort was made to identify patterns in space use as a result of sex and season, and results indicated that home range sizes for females and females with cubs did not differ in size. Additionally, I assessed how models might provide different results between urban and wild areas. During the fall season, overlap with the urban portion of the home range was strongest, and use was even more pronounced during the fall of 2014 as a result of drought impacts. The RSF function included roads, roads with speeds greater than 35 mph, hiking trails, wetlands, known bear conflict areas and elevation. Females with cubs selected for areas of known conflict, which is supported anecdotally by the large number of bear-human conflicts reported by a small number of females with cubs. Finally, human-wildlife conflict has been growing globally and conflicts involving black bears also increased in number and significance throughout the western United States. This trend was particularly evident throughout the Lake Tahoe Basin. After meetings throughout the last decade with many local and regional stakeholders, including the late Senator Dave Cox, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife decided to implement aversive conditioning (AC) in addition to a continued education effort and depredation process allowing lethal removal of nuisance bears. AC was not intended to, nor had it previously been successful in persuading bears to leave urban areas. It had shown success, though, in modifying the behavior of certain bears by scorning bold behavior and rewarding their natural, shy behavior. I studied the effectiveness of using Karelian bear dogs and less-lethal ammunition to condition the behavior of bears. Three protocols were used: soft release, release with dogs, release with dogs and less-lethal ammo. I tested when bears would return to the capture location, reliance on the urban envelope, whether averted bears became more nocturnal, selected a hibernacula further away developed areas, were less winter active, decreased their foraging on anthropogenic resources and usage of known conflict areas. Contrary to expectation, some bears did not return to their capture or release locations. The majority of these individuals had experienced AC, with AC with Dogs appearing to have the greatest effect. Additionally, the return to patch time (BRP) for bears treated with Karelian bear dogs was greater than bears in the Control group for their return to both capture and release locations. Dogs also had the greatest effect on all behavioral proxies examined and bears treated with Dogs seemed to become more nocturnal, less winter active and spent less time in urban areas. These impacts of bear behavior may ultimately reduce the level of conflict with humans. The research presented in this dissertation adds to the growing body of literature on wildlife in the wildlife-urban interface and black bears specifically. Black bear behavioral responses to AC and how they may become less likely to engage in conflict showed promising results. My work suggested that a bear’s ecology living in the wildlife-urban interface may be more complicated and that mixed space use strategies, using both wild and urban areas, appear to be common.
Download or read book Ecological Effects of Development on American Black Bear written by Michael John Evans and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intraspecific Black Bear Spatial Patterns and Interactions at a Small Spatio temporal Scale written by Desiree A. Early and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bears of the World written by Vincenzo Penteriani and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bears have fascinated people since ancient times. The relationship between bears and humans dates back thousands of years, during which time we have also competed with bears for shelter and food. In modern times, bears have come under pressure through encroachment on their habitats, climate change, and illegal trade in their body parts, including the Asian bile bear market. The IUCN lists six bears as vulnerable or endangered, and even the least concern species, such as the brown bear, are at risk of extirpation in certain countries. The poaching and international trade of these most threatened populations are prohibited, but still ongoing. Covering all bears species worldwide, this beautifully illustrated volume brings together the contributions of 200 international bear experts on the ecology, conservation status, and management of the Ursidae family. It reveals the fascinating long history of interactions between humans and bears and the threats affecting these charismatic species.
Download or read book Using Geospatial Techniques to Assess Responses of Black Bear Populations to Anthropogenically Modified Landscapes written by Jamie Elizabeth McFadden and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The convergence of three young scientific disciplines (ecology, geospatial sciences, and remote sensing) has generated unique advancements in wildlife research by connecting ecological data with remote sensing data through the application of geospatial techniques. Ecological datasets may contain spatial and sampling biases. By using geospatial techniques, datasets may be useful in revealing landscape scale (e.g., statewide) trends for wildlife populations, such as population recovery and human-wildlife interactions. Specifically, black bear populations across North America vary greatly in their degree of distribution stability. The black bear population in Michigan may be considered stable or secure, whereas the population in Missouri is currently recolonizing. The focus of the research in this dissertation is to examine the ecological and anthropogenic impacts 1) on human-black bear interactions in Michigan (see Chapter 2) and 2) on black bear presence in Missouri (see Chapter 3), through the use of black bear reports provided by the public to the state wildlife agencies. By using generalized linear modeling (GLM) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt), I developed spatial distribution models of probability of occurrence/presence for the 2 study areas (Michigan and Missouri). For the Missouri study, I quantified the spatiotemporal shifts in the probability of bear presence statewide. The results from my statewide studies corroborate previous local-scale research based on rigorous data collection. Overall, human-black bear interactions (e.g., wildlife sightings, conflicts), while very dynamic, appear greatest in forested and rural areas where the preferred habitat for black bears (i.e., forest) intersects with low density anthropogenic activities. As both human and black bear populations continue to expand, it is reasonable to expect human-black bear interactions to spatiotemporally increase across both study areas. The results from my studies provide wildlife managers with information critical to management decisions such as harvest regulations and habitat conservation actions across the landscape and through time. The ability to detect and monitor ecological changes through the use of geospatial techniques can lead to insights about the stressors and drivers of population-level change, further facilitating the development of proactive cause-focused management strategies.
Download or read book Human Wildlife Interactions written by Beatrice Frank and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents solutions to turn conflict into tolerance and coexistence, with an emphasis on the human dimensions of human-wildlife interactions.
Download or read book Free Ranging Dogs and Wildlife Conservation written by Matthew E. Gompper and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume adopts a global perspective to review how dogs interact with wildlife, how humans perceive these interactions, the potential importance of dog-wildlife interactions, and the scope of the problems.
Download or read book Living with Bears Handbook written by Linda Masterson and published by . This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A practical resource for understanding bear biology and behavior, why human-bear conflicts are on the rise, and what we can do at home, at play, and in our communities to coexist with black bears and reduce problems that come from sharing space"--
Download or read book Human Wildlife Interactions written by Michael R. Conover and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-05 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book won the 2023 The Wildlife Society Publication Award in the authored book category. Human-wildlife interactions increase exponentially as more and more humans and wildlife crowd into the same limited space. Such interactions often become conflicts when wildlife threaten human health and safety, well-being, or the food supply. This second edition of Human-Wildlife Interactions: From Conflict to Coexistence provides a comprehensive review of the severity of these problems and the methods used to resolve clashes between humans and wildlife. During his forty-year career as a wildlife professor and scientist, Dr. Michael Conover, founder of journal Human-Wildlife Interactions, has become a recognized leader of the scientific field of human-wildlife interactions. In this book, he presents the range of methods for wildlife damage management, including employing lethal methods; distributing supplemental food; changing the behavior of either humans or wildlife; and excluding or repelling wildlife. Backed by numerous case studies and informative side bars, the book documents resolutions to specific human-wildlife conflicts throughout the literature. Containing full color illustrations throughout, the second edition of Human-Wildlife Interactions: From Conflict to Coexistence provides authoritative coverage and depth of both theoretical and practical information. It serves as an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and professional wildlife managers. Disclaimer: Figure 7.7 (b) on page 251 was incorrectly attributed in previous printings. The photographer of figure 7.7 (b) is Cynthia Herrick.
Download or read book Urban Wildlife Conservation written by Robert A. McCleery and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-11 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, wildlife living in urban areas were ignored by wildlife professionals and urban planners because cities were perceived as places for people and not for wild animals. Paradoxically, though, many species of wildlife thrive in these built environments. Interactions between humans and wildlife are more frequent in urban areas than any other place on earth and these interactions impact human health, safety and welfare in both positive and negative ways. Although urban wildlife control pest species, pollinate plants and are fun to watch, they also damage property, spread disease and even attack people and pets. In urban areas, the combination of dense human populations, buildings, impermeable surfaces, introduced vegetation, and high concentrations of food, water and pollution alter wildlife populations and communities in ways unseen in more natural environments. For these ecological and practical reasons, researchers and mangers have shown a growing interest in urban wildlife ecology and management. This growing interest in urban wildlife has inspired many studies on the subject that have yet to be synthesized in a cohesive narrative. Urban Wildlife: Theory and Practice fills this void by synthesizing the latest ecological and social knowledge in the subject area into an interdisciplinary and practical text. This volume provides a foundation for the future growth and understanding of urban wildlife ecology and management by: • Clearly defining th e concepts used to study and describe urban wildlife, • Offering a cohesive understanding of the coupled natural and social drivers that shape urban wildlife ecology, • Presenting the patterns and processes of wildlife response to an urbanizing world and explaining the mechanisms behind them and • Proposing means to create physical and social environments that are mutually beneficial for both humans and wildlife.
Download or read book Methods For Monitoring Tiger And Prey Populations written by K. Ullas Karanth and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-26 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses issues of monitoring populations of tigers, ungulate prey species and habitat occupancy, with relevance to similar assessments of large mammal species and general biodiversity. It covers issues of rigorous sampling, modeling, estimation and adaptive management of animal populations using cutting-edge tools, such as camera-traps, genetic identification and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), applied under the modern statistical approach of Bayesian and likelihood-based inference. Of special focus here are animal survey data derived for use under spatial capture-recapture, occupancy, distance sampling, mixture-modeling and connectivity analysees. Because tigers are an icons of global conservation, in last five decades,enormous amounts of commitment and resources have been invested by tiger range countries and the conservation community for saving wild tigers. However, status of the big cat remains precarious. Rigorous monitoring of surviving wild tiger populations continues to be essential for both understanding and recovering wild tigers. However, many tiger monitoring programs lack the necessary rigor to generate the reliable results. While the deployment of technologies, analyses, computing power and human-resource investments in tiger monitoring have greatly progressed in the last couple of decades, a full comprehension of their correct deployment has not kept pace in practice. In this volume, Dr. Ullas Karanth and Dr. James Nichols, world leaders in tiger biology and quantitative ecology, respectively, address this key challenge. The have collaborated with an extraordinary array of 30 scientists with expertise in a range of necessary disciplines - biology and ecology of tigers, prey and habitats; advanced statistical theory and practice; computation and programming; practical field-sampling methods that employ technologies as varied as camera traps, genetic analyses and geographic information systems. The book is a 'tour de force' of cutting-edge methodologies for assessing not just tigers but also other predators and their prey. The 14 chapters here are lucidly presented in a coherent sequence to provide tiger-specific answers to fundamental questions in animal population assessment: why monitor, what to monitor and how to monitor. While highlighting robust methods, the authors also clearly point out those that are in use, but unreliable. The managerial dimension of tiger conservation described here, the task of matching monitoring objectives with skills and resources to integrate tiger conservation under an adaptive framework, also renders this volume useful to wildlife scientists as well as conservationists.
Download or read book Bears written by Christopher Servheen and published by IUCN. This book was released on 1999 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the status of bear species by distribution / Christopher Servheen -- An overview of bear conservation planning and implementation / Bernard Peyton, Christopher Servheen, and Stephen Herrero -- Genetics of the bears of the world / Lisette Waits, David Paetkau, and Curtis Strobeck -- The trade in bears and bear parts / Christopher Servheen -- Brown bear conservation action plan for North America (Ursus arctos). Alaska / Sterling D. Miller and John Schoen. Canada / Bruce McLellan and Vivian Banci. United States: grizzly bear in the Lower 48 / Christopher Servheen -- Brown bear conservation action plan for Europe (Ursus arctos). Austria / Georg Rauer. Bulgaria / Nikolai Spassov and G. Spiridonov. Finland / Erik S. Nyholm and Kai-Eerik Nyholm. France / Jean Jacques Camarra. Greece / George Mertzanis. Italy (Abruzzo) / Giorgio Boscagli. Italy (Trentino) / Fabio Osti. Norway / Ole Jakob Sørensen, Jon E. Swenson, and Tor Kvam. Poland / Witold Frackowiak, Roman Gula, and Kajetan Perzanowski. Romania / Ovidiu Ionescu. Slovakia / Pavel Hell and Slavomir Find'o. Spain: eastern and western Cantabria. Eastern Cantabrian subpopulation / Anthony P. Clevenger and Francisco J. Purroy. Western Cantabrian subpopulation / Javier Naves Cienfuegos and Carlos Nores Quesada. Sweden / Jon E. Swenson, Finn Sandegren, Anders Bjärvall, Robert Franzén, Arne Söderberg, and Petter Wabakken. Former Yugoslavia / Djuro Huber and Miha Adamic -- Brown bear conservation action plan for Asia (Ursus arctos). China: Heilonjiang black and brown bears / Cheng Jizhen. India / S. Sathyakumar. Japan: Hokkaido / Tsutomu Mano and Joseph Moll. Mongolia: Gobi bear / Thomas McCarthy. Russia / Igor Chestin -- American black bear conservation action plan (Ursus americanus) / Michael R. Pelton, Alex B. Coley, Thomas H. Eason, Diana L. Doan Martinez, Joel A. Pederson, Frank T. van Manem and Keith M. Weaver -- Spectacled bear conservation action plan (Tremarctos ornatus) / Bernard Peyton. Bolivia / Damián I. Rumiz and Jorge Salazar. Colombia / Jorge Orejuela and Jeffrey P. Jorgenson. Ecuador / Luis Suárez. Perú / Bernard Peyton, coordinator. Venezuela / Edgard Yerena, coordinator -- Asiatic black bear conservation action plan (Ursus thibetanus). China / Ma Yiqing and Li Xiaomin. India / S. Sathyakumar. Japan / Toshihiro Hazumi. Russia / Igor Chestin and Victor Yudin. Taiwan: Formosan black bear / Ying Wang. Vietnam: black bear and sun bear / Do Dinh Sam -- Sun bear conservation action plan (Helarctos malayanus) / Christopher Servheen. Lao PDR / Richard E. Salter -- Sloth bear conservation action plan (Melursus ursinus) / David L. Garshelis, Anup R. Joshi, James L.D. Smith, and Clifford G. Rice -- Giant panda conservation action plan (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) / Donald G. Read and Jien Gong -- Global status and management of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) / IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group.
