Download or read book Understanding the Regulation of Innate Immune Mechanisms and Its Relevance in Diseases Using Drosophila Melanogaster written by Pooja Kadaba Ranganath and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model organism to study conserved innate immune mechanisms. D. melanogaster utilizes both humoral and cellular immune responses to combat fungal, bacterial and parasitic pathogens; The cellular immune response targets parasites and parasitoid wasps are a major parasite of D. melanogaster. Fly larvae are commonly infected by parasitoid wasps and in response, mount a robust cellular immune response against the parasitoid egg. Numerous signaling pathways like JNK and JAK-STAT have been shown to play a role in the immune response against parasitoid wasps and have a conserved role in human immunity. However, the regulation of the conserved signaling pathways controlling innate immunity is not completely understood. Work done in Chapter I aims to better understand the role of CR44125, a long non-coding RNA as a novel regulator of Drosophila cellular immune response. Our findings suggest that CR44125 is involved in immune cell differentiation process by regulating the activity of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Cellular immune mechanisms have evolved to coordinate various responses and maintain a balanced immune outcome. This involves the immune cells to maintain self-tolerance and exert immune response in a timely and regulated manner. Innate immune mediated self-tolerance mechanisms and the underlying genetic basis associated with the maintenance of this system remain largely unexplored and work done in Chapter II can provide insight into the transcriptional and physiological changes underlying self-tolerance and autoimmunity. Our findings suggest that Rel/NFÎðB transcriptional activity is associated with pro-inflammatory signaling in Drosophila, during loss of self-tolerance reactions. Thus, in general although immune cells via various innate immune mechanisms recognize cues from external pathogens to recognizing altered self like aberrant tissues or cancer cells, the functional role of the immune system and its underlying mechanisms in regulating tumorigenesis are poorly investigated. Our study in Chapter III utilizes the established Drosophila melanogaster model of tumor pathogenesis was used to study the impacts of innate immune response on tumor progression and metastasis. Recent studies have also shown that infections can also modulate tumorigenesis and thus, we use Drosophila-parasitoid as a host-parasite system to particularly dissect the role of infection in cancer pathogenesis. Our findings identified that G1Fl infection reduces both primary and secondary tumor growth and the model can further be used to characterize the mechanism by which an infection modifies tumorigenesis.
Download or read book Recent Advances in Drosophila Cellular and Humoral Innate Immunity written by Susanna Valanne and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Epithelial Defense written by Dieter Kabelitz and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Epithelial defense against infectious agents relies on the recognition of microbial products by pattern recognition receptors and the local production of antimicrobial peptides. This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of the basic characteristics and clinical relevance of antimicrobial peptides, with special emphasis on their role in skin, intestinal and lung inflammation. The evolutionary significance of antimicrobial peptides is highlighted by an in-depth analysis of their structure, activity and gene regulation in Drosophila melanogaster. Toll-like receptors are an important class of pattern recognition receptors, whose roles in recognizing bacterial molecular patterns and in the intracellular signalling pathways involved in the differentiation and function of dendritic cells are discussed. Finally, this book also addresses the role of intraepithelial lympho cytes in epithelial defense, notably of T cells which form a link between innate and adaptive immune responses. The combined analysis of epithelial and lymphoid cells and effector mechanisms sheds new light on the epithelial defense system in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Immunologists, dermatologists, microbiologists, and infectious disease specialists will greatly benefit from the wealth of new findings presented by leading investigators.
Download or read book Evolutionary Genetics Of The Innate Immune System In Drosophila written by Erin M. Hill-Burns and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The innate immune system has drawn interest with its deep evolutionary conservation and importance in response to infection both in invertebrates, providing the only reaction to invading microbes, and as a generalized first reaction in vertebrates, activating the adaptive response. Drosophila has become a useful model for innate immunity, due to the powerful genetic, genomic and comparative resources available. Drosophila-based research has uncovered many genes involved in these pathways, and studies of the population genetics, interspecific divergence, and gene duplication patterns have revealed evidence for selection acting on immune genes, with distinct evolutionary pressures inferred to act on different functional groups. To investigate variation in immune response within a natural D. melanogaster population, we assayed polymorphism in X-linked immune genes and tested correlations between these variants and immune phenotypes. This revealed associations in numerous immune genes with differences in immunocompetence, and strikingly, many of these genotypes appear to associate with sex differences in immune phenotype. Beyond this segregating variation, we also examined divergence between species. In order to quantify regulatory divergence, we have assayed expression before and after infection in D. melanogaster, D. simulans, and interspecific hybrids. If immune regulation has diverged between species, we expect hybrids to display a disrupted immune response, and we do, in fact, observe immune dysregulation in the hybrids. This was most notable in the downstream pathway components, indicative of propagation of dysregulation throughout the response. To further dissect the dysregulation evident in hybrids, we have quantified immune phenotypes in hybrids bearing mutant melanogaster alleles for genes throughout the innate immune pathways. Resulting animals are forced to employ only the simulans allele at the point of the melanogaster mutation. We find that a mutation in one gene in particular, Dredd, has a detrimental effect in a hybrid background, indicating that Dredd is likely involved in interactions that have evolved to be specific, such that combinations of melanogaster + simulans alleles in Dredd interactions lead to a breakdown in immune activation. Overall, we find strong evidence for immune response divergence between species, but the degree of functionally relevant divergence appears to be greatest among signaling molecules.
Download or read book Toll Like Receptors TLRs and Innate Immunity written by Stefan Bauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-11 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overall recent research on TLRs has led to tremendous increase in our understanding of early steps in pathogen recognition and will presumably lead to potent TLR targeting therapeutics in the future. This book reviews and highlights our recent understanding on the function and ligands of TLRs as well as their role in autoimmunity, dendritic cell activation and target structures for therapeutic intervention.
Download or read book Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-01-03 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans coexist with millions of harmless microorganisms, but emerging diseases, resistance to antibiotics, and the threat of bioterrorism are forcing scientists to look for new ways to confront the microbes that do pose a danger. This report identifies innovative approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes. The report concludes that the development of a single superdrug to fight all infectious agents is unrealistic.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Life History Evolution written by Thomas Flatt and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life history theory seeks to explain the evolution of the major features of life cycles by analyzing the ecological factors that shape age-specific schedules of growth, reproduction, and survival and by investigating the trade-offs that constrain the evolution of these traits. Although life history theory has made enormous progress in explaining the diversity of life history strategies among species, it traditionally ignores the underlying proximate mechanisms. This novel book argues that many fundamental problems in life history evolution, including the nature of trade-offs, can only be fully resolved if we begin to integrate information on developmental, physiological, and genetic mechanisms into the classical life history framework. Each chapter is written by an established or up-and-coming leader in their respective field; they not only represent the state of the art but also offer fresh perspectives for future research. The text is divided into 7 sections that cover basic concepts (Part 1), the mechanisms that affect different parts of the life cycle (growth, development, and maturation; reproduction; and aging and somatic maintenance) (Parts 2-4), life history plasticity (Part 5), life history integration and trade-offs (Part 6), and concludes with a synthesis chapter written by a prominent leader in the field and an editorial postscript (Part 7).
Download or read book Drosophila melanogaster written by Farzana Khan Perveen and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains 12 chapters divided into two sections. Section 1 is "Drosophila - Model for Genetics." It covers introduction, chromosomal polymorphism, polytene chromosomes, chromosomal inversion, chromosomal evolution, cell cycle regulators in meiosis and nongenetic transgenerational inheritance in Drosophila. It also includes ecological genetics, wild-type strains, morphometric analysis, cytostatics, frequencies of early and late embryonic lethals (EEL and LEL) and mosaic imaginal discs of Drosophila for genetic analysis in biomedical research. Section 2 is "Drosophila - Model for Therapeutics." It explains Drosophila as model for human diseases, neurodegeneration, heart-kidney metabolic disorders, cancer, pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, dopamine, neuroprotective therapeutics, mitochondrial dysfunction and translational research. It also covers Drosophila role in ubiquitin-carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) protein, eye development, anti-dUCH antibody, neuropathy target esterase (NTE), organophosphorous compound-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). It also includes substrate specificities, kinetic parameters of recombinant glutathione S-transferases E6 and E7 (DmGSTE6 and DmGSTE7), detoxification and insecticidal resistance and antiviral immunity in Drosophila.
Download or read book Micro and Nanotechnology in Vaccine Development written by Mariusz Skwarczynski and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-09-20 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of how use of micro- and nanotechnology (MNT) has allowed major new advance in vaccine development research, and the challenges that immunologists face in making further progress. MNT allows the creation of particles that exploit the inherent ability of the human immune system to recognize small particles such as viruses and toxins. In combination with minimal protective epitope design, this permits the creation of immunogenic particles that stimulate a response against the targeted pathogen. The finely tuned response of the human immune system to small particles makes it unsurprising that many of the lead adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems currently under investigation are based on nanoparticles. Provides a comprehensive and unparalleled overview of the role of micro- and nanotechnology in vaccine development Allows researchers to quickly familiarize themselves with the broad spectrum of vaccines and how micro- and nanotechnologies are applied to their development Includes a combination of overview chapters setting out general principles, and focused content dealing with specific vaccines, making it useful to readers from a variety of disciplines
Download or read book Virus induced Immunopathology written by Morris Pollard and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Glycomics written by Richard D. Cummings and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-10-19 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Glycomics provides the first comprehensive overview of the emerging field of glycomics, defined as the study of all complex carbohydrates in an organism or cell ("the glycome"). Beginning with analytic approaches and bioinformatics, this work provides a detailed discussion of relevant databases, data integration, and analysis. It then moves on to a discussion of specific model organism and pathogen glycomes followed by therapeutic approaches to human disorders of glycosylization. Structure and function of glycomes are included along with state-of-the-art technologies and systems approaches to the analysis of glycans. Synthesizes contributions from experts in biology, chemistry, bioinformatics, biotechnology, and medicine Highlights chapters devoted to chemical synthesis, cancer glycomics and immune cell glycomics Includes discussions of proteomics, mass spectrometry, NMR, array technology, and transcriptomics analytic approaches
Download or read book Psychosocial Stress and Cancer written by Cary L. Cooper and published by Ediciones Díaz de Santos. This book was released on 1984 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychosocial Stress and Cancer Edited by Cary L. Cooper University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology The importance of stress in the development of heart disease is well established, but its role in cancer is only just beginning to be investigated. Recent research in humans indicates that various life events, personality pre-dispositions, as well as immunological and central nervous system interactions, may trigger the cancer process, or at the very least accentuate its development. In this book, a number of recognized international authorities provide state-of-the-art statements on the key issues of the subject. Beginning with a review of the findings to date, there follows more in-depth analysis of potential social/psychological precursors to cancer, and the way in which they may influence the aetiology and development of the disease. The final section deals with the way in which psychosocial factors may be managed in cancer patients, and provides a comparative summary of the various methodological approaches utilized in studies exploring the field of psychological oncology. The book will provide a unique digest of current knowledge as well as a starting point for future research, and will be invaluable to all concerned with the study and management of the cancer process. Other Wiley titles on this subject include: Stress Research: Issues for the Eighties Edited by Cary L. Cooper 160 pages February 1983 Mind and Cancer Prognosis Basil A. Stoll, St Thomas’s Hospital and Royal Free Hospital, London 214 pages December 1979 All about Cancer Chris Williams, CRC Medical Oncology Unit, University of Southampton 404 pages April 1983
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-06-03 with total page 1819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral Neuroscientists study the behavior of animals and humans and the neurobiological and physiological processes that control it. Behavior is the ultimate function of the nervous system, and the study of it is very multidisciplinary. Disorders of behavior in humans touch millions of people’s lives significantly, and it is of paramount importance to understand pathological conditions such as addictions, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, autism among others, in order to be able to develop new treatment possibilities. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience is the first and only multi-volume reference to comprehensively cover the foundation knowledge in the field. This three volume work is edited by world renowned behavioral neuroscientists George F. Koob, The Scripps Research Institute, Michel Le Moal, Université Bordeaux, and Richard F. Thompson, University of Southern California and written by a premier selection of the leading scientists in their respective fields. Each section is edited by a specialist in the relevant area. The important research in all areas of Behavioral Neuroscience is covered in a total of 210 chapters on topics ranging from neuroethology and learning and memory, to behavioral disorders and psychiatric diseases. The only comprehensive Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience on the market Addresses all recent advances in the field Written and edited by an international group of leading researchers, truly representative of the behavioral neuroscience community Includes many entries on the advances in our knowledge of the neurobiological basis of complex behavioral, psychiatric, and neurological disorders Richly illustrated in full color Extensively cross referenced to serve as the go-to reference for students and researchers alike The online version features full searching, navigation, and linking functionality An essential resource for libraries serving neuroscientists, psychologists, neuropharmacologists, and psychiatrists
Download or read book Antiviral RNAi written by Ronald P. van Rij and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2011-03-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viruses and RNAi share an intricate relationship at many levels. RNAi is an important antiviral defense mechanism in plants and invertebrates, microRNAs – of viral or cellular origin – affect many aspects of virus biology, and replication of many, if not all, mammalian viruses can be suppressed by RNAi. Antiviral RNAi: Concepts, Methods, and Applications provides a collection of protocols for the analysis of viral small RNAs and natural antiviral RNAi responses as well as for the development and optimization of RNAi-based antiviral drugs. As RNAi is a central regulatory mechanism in the cell, the methods in this volume can also be applied out of the context of a virus infection. Divided into five convenient parts, this detailed volume reviews important basic concepts in the field of antiviral RNAi, provides experimental and bio-informatic tools for the analysis of small silencing RNAs, covers methods to biochemically dissect RNAi-based antiviral defense and viral counter-defense mechanisms, describes methods for the design, expression, and delivery of therapeutic antiviral siRNAs, and finally presents genome-wide RNAi approaches for the identification of factors involved in virus replication. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, Antiviral RNAi: Concepts, Methods, and Applications serves as an ideal guide for both novice and experienced researchers alike striving to dissect the role of RNAi in the viral life cycle or to further boost the development of novel therapeutics and experimental tools based on RNAi technology.
Download or read book Reprogramming the Genome Applications of CRISPR Cas in non mammalian systems part A written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-28 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprogramming the Genome: Applications of CRISPR-Cas in Non-mammalian Systems, Part A presents a collation of chapters written by global, eminent scientists. CRISPR-Cas9 system is an RNA-mediated immune system of bacteria and archaea that protects from bacteriophage infections. It is one of the revolutionized technologies to uplift biology to the next stages. Chapters in this release include An Introduction and applications of CRISPR-Cas Systems, History, evolution and classification of CRISPR-Cas associated systems, CRISPR based bacterial genome editing and removal of pathogens, CRISPR based genome editing and removal of human viruses, CRISPR based development of RNA editing and diagnostic platform, and much more. Additional sections cover Genome engineering in insects for control of vector borne diseases, Development of insect cell line using CRISPR technology, CRISPRing protozoan parasites to better understand the biology of diseases, CRISPR based genome editing of Caenorhabditis elegans, and a variety of other important topics. Offers a basic understanding and clear picture of genome editing CRISPR-Cas systems in different organisms Explains how to create an animal model for disease diagnosis/research and reprogram CRISPR for removal of virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoan, and many more Discusses the advances, patents, applications, challenges and opportunities in CRISPR-Cas9 systems in basic sciences, biomedicine, virology, bacteriology, molecular biology, and many more
Download or read book The Drosophila Model in Cancer written by Wu-Min Deng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-13 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a series of review articles that capture the advances in using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, model system to address a wide range of cancer-related topics. Articles in this book provide case studies that shed light on the intricate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tumor formation and progression. Readers will discover the beauty of the fly model’s genetic simplicity and the vast arsenal of powerful genetic tools enabling its efficient and adaptable use. This model organism has provided a unique opportunity to address questions regarding cancer initiation and development that would be extremely challenging in other model systems. This book provides a useful resource for a researcher who wishes to learn about and apply the Drosophila model to tackle fundamental questions in cancer biology, and to find new ways to fight against this devastating disease.
Download or read book Circadian Rhythms and Biological Clocks Part A written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two new volumes of Methods in Enzymology continue the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. Circadian Rhythms and Biological Clocks Part A and Part B is an exceptional resource for anybody interested in the general area of circadian rhythms. As key elements of timekeeping are conserved in organisms across the phylogenetic tree, and our understanding of circadian biology has benefited tremendously from work done in many species, the volume provides a wide range of assays for different biological systems. Protocols are provided to assess clock function, entrainment of the clock to stimuli such as light and food, and output rhythms of behavior and physiology. This volume also delves into the impact of circadian disruption on human health. Contributions are from leaders in the field who have made major discoveries using the methods presented here. Continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field Covers research methods in biomineralization science Keeping with the interdisciplinary nature of the circadian rhythm field, the volume includes diverse approaches towards the study of rhythms, from assays of biochemical reactions in unicellular organisms to monitoring of behavior in humans.
