Download or read book Understanding the Impacts of Reservoirs in Developing Regions Using Satellite Remote Sensing written by Matthew Bonnema and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dams provide immense societal benefits in the form of hydropower generation, flood control, and water supply. However, they also cause significant negative environmental impacts by altering the timing and magnitude of natural streamflow, limiting the transport of sediment, nutrients, and biota upstream and downstream, and altering aspects of water quality such as sediment concentration and water temperature. Dam development in developing regions has been increasing in the last 30 years and will continue to intensify in the coming decades. This is leading to rapid hydrologic transformations of developing river basins, with potentially dire consequences for local populations dependent on the natural river systems for food and livelihood. In-situ hydrologic observations in such regions are limiting, making satellite remote sensing the only viable option for studying the impacts of this rapid dam development. This dissertation aims to advance our ability to study the impacts of reservoirs in data limited regions. First, a method for estimating reservoir outflow using purely remote sensing observations was developed and tested on reservoirs in the United States and Bangladesh. This method was then applied to ungauged reservoirs in the Mekong River Basin and their impact the river system was evaluated in terms of flow alteration and residence time. It was found that smaller reservoirs on upper tributaries exerted a higher degree of flow alteration and residence time on the rivers they impound than larger, more downstream reservoirs. However, the reservoirs on larger rivers exert their impacts on significantly larger volumes of streamflow, so their contribution to the overall flow alteration and residence time of the river system was found to be more significant. Looking towards upcoming satellite missions, the applicability and usefulness of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission for monitoring reservoir outflow and river discharge was tested using by generating synthetic observations based on the expected performance of the SWOT instrument. It was found that SWOT is expected to observe reservoir storage change with higher accuracy than methods from existing sensors in most cases. However, some reservoirs were unable to be accurately observed by simulated SWOT observations, indicating a cooperative multi-sensor approach may be useful. The performance of SWOT observations of river discharge was found to be satisfactory given there are currently no satellite sensors capable of estimating discharge. However, the dramatic differences between wet season and dry season discharge in monsoonal rivers proved difficult and some adjustments to the discharge estimation methods may be needed. Finally, impacts on river temperature downstream of major dam development in the 3S Basin, the largest tributary to the Mekong River, were observed using satellite remote sensing. Dam construction in the basin coincided with significant temperature decreases downstream, providing clear evidence of hydropower induced river cooling. The findings of this dissertation and the remote sensing methods employed here represent valuable steps towards understanding the hydrologic impacts of dams and predicting the impacts of further dam development in developing basins around the world.

Download or read book Satellite Remote Sensing of Terrestrial Hydrology written by Christopher Ndehedehe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-15 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights several opportunities that exist in satellite remote sensing of large-scale terrestrial hydrology. It lays bare the novel concept of remote sensing hydrology and demonstrates key applications of advance satellite technology and new methods in advancing our fundamental understanding of environmental systems. This includes, using state-of-the-art satellite hydrology missions like the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and other multi-mission satellite systems as important tools that underpin water resources planning and accounting. This book discusses and demonstrates how the efficacy, simplicity, and sophistication in novel computing platforms for big earth observation data can help facilitate environmental monitoring and improve contemporary understanding of climate change impacts on freshwater resources. It also provides opportunities for practitioners and relevant government agencies to leverage satellite-based information in a transdisciplinary context to address several environmental issues affecting society. This book provides a general framework and highlights methods to help improve our understanding of hydrological processes and impact analysis from extreme events (e.g., droughts, floods) and climate change.

Download or read book Remote Sensing and Water Resources written by A. Cazenave and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-04 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of overview articles showing how space-based observations, combined with hydrological modeling, have considerably improved our knowledge of the continental water cycle and its sensitivity to climate change. Two main issues are highlighted: (1) the use in combination of space observations for monitoring water storage changes in river basins worldwide, and (2) the use of space data in hydrological modeling either through data assimilation or as external constraints. The water resources aspect is also addressed, as well as the impacts of direct anthropogenic forcing on land hydrology (e.g. ground water depletion, dam building on rivers, crop irrigation, changes in land use and agricultural practices, etc.). Remote sensing observations offer important new information on this important topic as well, which is highly useful for achieving water management objectives.Over the past 15 years, remote sensing techniques have increasingly demonstrated their capability to monitor components of the water balance of large river basins on time scales ranging from months to decades: satellite altimetry routinely monitors water level changes in large rivers, lakes and floodplains. When combined with satellite imagery, this technique can also measure surface water volume variations. Passive and active microwave sensors offer important information on soil moisture (e.g. the SMOS mission) as well as wetlands and snowpack. The GRACE space gravity mission offers, for the first time, the possibility of directly measuring spatio-temporal variations in the total vertically integrated terrestrial water storage. When combined with other space observations (e.g. from satellite altimetry and SMOS) or model estimates of surface waters and soil moisture, space gravity data can effectively measure groundwater storage variations. New satellite missions, planned for the coming years, will complement the constellation of satellites monitoring waters on land. This is particularly the case for the SWOT mission, which is expected to revolutionize land surface hydrology. Previously published in Surveys in Geophysics, Volume 37, No. 2, 2016

Download or read book Environmental Remote Sensing in Egypt written by Salwa F. Elbeih and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-30 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive selection of applications employed in environmental remote sensing using optical and thermal infrared satellite-sensors aiming to map natural resources, crops, groundwater, surface water, aquatic ecosystem, land degradation, air quality, renewable energy, regional resources, and climate-related geophysical processes. The technologies presented in this book also include satellite images, space-borne radar sensors focusing on the most versatile one, data from synthetic aperture radar (SAR), scatterometers and radar altimeters in Egypt. This volume also presents a thorough explanation of the remote sensing role showing physical fundamentals of the climate change phenomenon including gas emissions, and the impact on resources concerning the sustainable development of Egypt. Besides, the book includes an analysis of oil pollution in both Mediterranean and Red Seas This book is intended for environmental policymakers working in Egypt as well as scientists working with remote sensing technologies in highly populated arid regions.

Download or read book Mainstreaming Multi mission Satellite Observations in Operational Water Resources Management written by Nishan Kumar Biswas and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective water management depends on the accuracy of three key components: monitoring, forecasting, and quantification of human impacts. Understanding complex hydrological processes and the vast amount of data are prerequisites for monitoring and prediction of water resources. Although ground-based measurement is the best way to monitor, it is impossible to measure all relevant geophysical variables at the required spatiotemporal scale. As a complementary source, satellite remote sensing has proven its application potential during the last decade. A single satellite's observation capability was further enhanced by using the compound eye view afforded by multiple satellites. A combination of multi-mission platforms, numerical modeling, and advances in computational resources facilitated the way of better water management. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to provide a proof-of-concept of mainstreaming the application of multi-satellite observation-based water management in data-limited regions.Among the three primary water management components, a compound-eye satellite-based monitoring method was developed to improve river height from the altimeter satellite in the second chapter. In the proposed method, river morphology information from ancillary satellites (Landsat and Sentinel 1-SAR) was extracted and applied to get the altimeter height based on derived morphology. The accuracy of the method was tested over river locations with diverse hydraulic characteristics. It was found that the river-morphology based method can improve the conventional altimeter height estimation method in dynamically changing rivers. The forecasting component of water management was studied by applying satellite observations and numerical weather prediction (NWP) model outputs in extreme event forecasting and presented in the third chapter. Nowcast and forecast meteorological parameters (without applying computationally expensive downscaling methods) and land-surface variables were forced in a hydrologic-hydrodynamic framework to generate skillful forecasts for up to 5 days. The method was globally scalable and economically feasible for developing nations. In the fourth chapter, the quantification of the human impacts component of water management was studied. A global reservoir monitoring framework was built to investigate the impact of existing and proposed dams. A satellite data-based mass balance approach was used to quantify reservoir outflow. In the last chapter, this framework was used to study the impact of existing reservoirs and to optimize the benefits of future dams/reservoirs. This tool helped the user community understand the global picture of how dams and reservoirs are impacting natural flow. The ability to quantify human impacts has broad implications on water management decisions. This dissertation promoted societal applications of satellites among water managers and policymakers through the four studies over three critical water management components. The greater transparency in water resources management and operations from this study allowed for more informed decisions regarding flood management and water supply security. The collection of completed works on water management showed how the vantage of space could “level the playing field” between nations and stakeholders competing for limited water resources, ultimately leading to greater cooperation.

Download or read book Climate Change in Water Resources written by Prof. S. Anbazhagan and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2019-07-05 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change and global warming is one of the burning issues, which need more attention, awareness and understanding. It refers to change in average weather pattern for an extended period of time in terms of decades or millions of years. Climate change is caused by several factors like variation in solar radiation, plate movements and volcanic activities. In addition, human intervention plays a major role in ongoing climate change. The continuous rise in global temperature affecting the hydrological cycle has substantial impact on surface and sub-surface water resources. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2000) reports that the surging population, increasing industrialization and associated demands for freshwater, food and energy would be major areas of concern in the climate change aspect. Increase of temperature increases evaporation, resulting in droughts. Under warmer environment, more precipitation will occur as rainfall rather than snow. The changes in monsoon rainfall may be considered as measure to examine climate variability in the context of global warming. Glaciers are an important source for fresh water and considered among the most sensitive indicators of climate change. People living in the catchment areas of the Himalayas face increased risk of floods as glaciers retreat followed by drought and water scarcity. In the coming decades, it is predicted that billions of people in developing countries face shortages of water and food as a result of climate change. Rigorous action has to be taken to enable developing countries to adapt to the effects of climate change. Hence, it is an urgent need for assessing impact and vulnerabilities of climate change, as well as considering possible adaptation options. The deliberations in the conference may be useful in understanding the impact of climate change on water resource, create awareness, learning process for planning and implementing adaptation options.

Download or read book Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability written by Assefa M. Melesse and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-07-03 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation is a compilation of contributions by experts from around the world who discuss extreme hydrology topics, from monitoring, to modeling and management. With extreme climatic and hydrologic events becoming so frequent, this book is a critical source, adding knowledge to the science of extreme hydrology. Topics covered include hydrometeorology monitoring, climate variability and trends, hydrological variability and trends, landscape dynamics, droughts, flood processes, and extreme events management, adaptation and mitigation. Each of the book's chapters provide background and theoretical foundations followed by approaches used and results of the applied studies. This book will be highly used by water resource managers and extreme event researchers who are interested in understanding the processes and teleconnectivity of large-scale climate dynamics and extreme events, predictability, simulation and intervention measures. Presents datasets used and methods followed to support the findings included, allowing readers to follow these steps in their own research Provides variable methodological approaches, thus giving the reader multiple hydrological modeling information to use in their work Includes a variety of case studies, thus making the context of the book relatable to everyday working situations for those studying extreme hydrology Discusses extreme event management, including adaption and mitigation

Download or read book Nile River Basin written by Assefa M. Melesse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-28 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents results of scientific studies ranging from hydrological modelling to water management and policy issues in the Nile River basin. It examines the physical, hydrometeorological and hydrogeological description of the basin along with analysis in understanding the hydrological processes of the basin under the changing land-use stemming from population pressure and increased natural resources tapping. The book discusses the increased impact of climate change on the river flows, and such issues as water availability and demand, management and policy to offset the imbalance between demand and available resources. This book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, water resources mangers, policy makers as well as graduate and undergraduate students. It is a useful reference text for ecohydrology, arid zone hydrology, hydrology of transboundary rivers and similar courses.

Download or read book Satellite Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Hydrosphere for Understanding Terrestrial Water Cycle Dynamics at Different Scales written by Wondwosen Mekonnen Seyoum and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water resources are important to both society and ecosystems. However, humans put pressure on water resources with stresses that are likely to be exacerbated by the change in climate. Nonetheless, the lack of continuous data availability and inadequate monitoring networks has been a challenge to the scientific community. Recent advancements in satellite-based hydrology have demonstrated hydrologic variables can be measured from space with sufficient accuracy at limited regional and global scales (GRACE's spatial resolution is 200,000 km2). Therefore, research on the enhancement of the utility of satellite products in understanding and monitoring the water cycle at local scales (with size of 5,000 km2) is necessary, especially to complement studies in the absence or malfunctioning of in-situ observations. This dissertation sought to (1) estimate the spatial and temporal variation of hydrologic fluxes and storages at different scales using satellite remote sensing data, (2) assess the efficacy of publically available data (e.g. satellite remote sensing data) on our ability to predict/understand the terrestrial water cycle and the implications for water management, and (3) measure the relative effect of human-induced (e.g. abstraction) vs. climatic variability on the terrestrial water cycle. Moreover, the potential of multi-source datasets and integrated approaches for predicting the variability were evaluated. The work presented in this research has been conducted using a combined approach of processing and interpretation of satellite data, numerical modeling, analysis of in-situ data, and statistical and geospatial analysis in an effort to overcome data paucity. The results demonstrated the capability of GRACE at measuring water storage variations on a regional scale based on results from a robust integrated hydrologic model. Further, merging GRACE data with other data sources in an ANN (Artificial Neural Network) model reproduced the observed TWS (Terrestrial Water Storage) and groundwater storage anomaly at local scales. This downscaled product also replicated the natural water storage variability due to climatic and human impacts. Finally, the relative impact between humans vs. climate variability was distinguished and measured in Ethiopia using an integrated approach that can be transferable to similar settings. The implications utilizing satellite data for improving local and regional water resources management decisions and applications are clear. This is especially true with areas lacking hydrologic monitoring networks.

Download or read book Earth Observation for Water Resources Management written by Luis García and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water systems are building blocks for poverty alleviation, shared growth, sustainable development, and green growth strategies. They require data from in-situ observation networks. Budgetary and other constraints have taken a toll on their operation and there are many regions in the world where the data are scarce or unreliable. Increasingly, remote sensing satellite-based earth observation is becoming an alternative. This book briefly describes some key global water challenges, perspectives for remote sensing approaches, and their importance for water resources-related activities. It describes eight key types of water resources management variables, a list of sensors that can produce such information, and a description of existing data products with examples. Earth Observation for Water Resources Management provides a series of practical guidelines that can be used by project leaders to decide whether remote sensing may be useful for the problem at hand and suitable data sources to consider if so. The book concludes with a review of the literature on reliability statistics of remote-sensed estimations.

Download or read book Satellite Remote Sensing in Hydrological Data Assimilation written by Mehdi Khaki and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the fundamentals of data assimilation and reviews the application of satellite remote sensing in hydrological data assimilation. Although hydrological models are valuable tools to monitor and understand global and regional water cycles, they are subject to various sources of errors. Satellite remote sensing data provides a great opportunity to improve the performance of models through data assimilation.

Download or read book Lake Victoria Monitored from Space written by Joseph Awange and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book employs a suite of remotely sensed products and advanced technologies to provide the first comprehensive space-based sensing of Lake Victoria, the world’s second largest freshwater lake that supports a livelihood of more than 42 million people, modulates regional climate, but faces myriads of challenges. Proper understanding of the lake and changes in its physical dynamics (e.g., water level, shorelines and areal dynamics) resulting from the impacts of climate variation and climate change as well as anthropogenic (e.g., hydropower and irrigation) is important for its management as well as for strategic development before, during and after climate extremes (e.g., floods and droughts) in order to inform policy formulations, planning and mitigation measures. Owing to its sheer size, and lack of research resources commitment by regional governments that hamper its observations, however, it is a daunting task to undertake studies on Lake Victoria relying solely on in-situ “boots on the ground” measurements, which are sparse, missing in most cases, inconsistent or restricted by governmental red tapes. To unlock the potentials of Lake Victoria, this book argues for the removal of obsolete Nile treaties signed between Britain, Egypt and Sudan in the 1920s and 1950s, which prohibits its utilization by the upstream countries. The book is useful to those in water resources management and policy formulations, hydrologists, environmentalists, engineers and researchers. In a unique cross-disciplinary approach, the Book articulates the various climatic impacts and explanations from natural and anthropogenic origins, which affected Lake Victoria and its vicinity, including the drastic increase and depletion of water level in the Lake and dams, floods and droughts, water quality/security, crop health, food security, and economic implications. With no exception as in his many publications, Joseph L. Awange used data analysis methodologies including filtering, adjustment theory, and robust statistics, to quantify the hydrologic and other parameters, and their estimated uncertainties. The Book is recommended for readers from a diverse disciplines, including physical and social sciences, policy, law, engineering, and disaster management. Professor C.K. Shum, Ohio State University.

Download or read book Global Drought and Flood written by Huan Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in the modeling and remote sensing of droughts and floods Droughts and floods are causing increasing damage worldwide, often with devastating short- and long-term impacts on human society. Forecasting when they will occur, monitoring them as they develop, and learning from the past to improve disaster management is vital. Global Drought and Flood: Observation, Modeling, and Prediction presents recent advances in the modeling and remote sensing of droughts and floods. It also describes the techniques and products currently available and how they are being used in practice. Volume highlights include: Remote sensing approaches for mapping droughts and floods Physical and statistical models for monitoring and forecasting hydrologic hazards Features of various drought and flood systems and products Use by governments, humanitarian, and development stakeholders in recent disaster cases Improving the collaboration between hazard information provision and end users The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Drought written by Brian D. Wardlow and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of Drought: Innovative Monitoring Approaches presents emerging remote sensing-based tools and techniques that can be applied to operational drought monitoring and early warning around the world. The first book to focus on remote sensing and drought monitoring, it brings together a wealth of information that has been scattered throughout the literature and across many disciplines. Featuring contributions by leading scientists, it assembles a cross-section of globally applicable techniques that are currently operational or have potential to be operational in the near future. The book explores a range of applications for monitoring four critical components of the hydrological cycle related to drought: vegetation health, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and groundwater, and precipitation. These applications use remotely sensed optical, thermal, microwave, radar, and gravity data from instruments such as AMSR-E, GOES, GRACE, MERIS, MODIS, and Landsat and implement several advanced modeling and data assimilation techniques. Examples show how to integrate this information into routine drought products. The book also examines the role of satellite remote sensing within traditional drought monitoring, as well as current challenges and future prospects. Improving drought monitoring is becoming increasingly important in addressing a wide range of societal issues, from food security and water scarcity to human health, ecosystem services, and energy production. This unique book surveys innovative remote sensing approaches to provide you with new perspectives on large-area drought monitoring and early warning.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Water Related Hazards written by Ke Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of remote sensing technology for monitoring and predicting water-related hazards Water-related hazards such as floods and droughts have serious impacts on society. Their incidence has increased in recent decades, a trend set to continue with ongoing climate change. Adaptation and mitigation measures require accurate detection, monitoring, and forecasting, much of which comes from remote sensing technologies. Remote Sensing of Water-Related Hazards takes an interdisciplinary approach, presenting recent advances in the available data, sensors, models, and indicators developed for monitoring and prediction. Volume highlights include: Progress in remote sensing of precipitation, storms, and tornados Different techniques for flood mapping, forecasting, and early warning Integrated approach for predicting flood and landslide cascading hazards Satellite monitoring of water cycle variation, water scarcity, and drought conditions Multi-indicator and multi-sensor approaches for quantifying drought impacts The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Hydrologic Cycle written by Qiuhong Tang and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-17 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a practical introduction to remote sensing applications for detecting changes in the terrestrial water cycle and understanding the causes and consequences of these changes. Covering a wide range of innovative remote sensing approaches for hydrological study, this book contributes significantly to the knowledge base of hydrology in the Anthropocene, i.e., global change hydrology. It is an excellent reference for students and professionals in the fields of hydrology, climate change, and geography.

Download or read book Urban Remote Sensing written by Qihao Weng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Driven by advances in technology and societal needs, the next frontier in remote sensing is urban areas. With the advent of high-resolution imagery and more capable techniques, the question has become "Now that we have the technology, how do we use it?" The need for a definitive resource that explores the technology of remote sensing and the issues it can resolve in an urban setting has never been more acute. Containing contributions from world renowned experts, Urban Remote Sensing provides a review of basic concepts, methodologies, and case studies. Each chapter demonstrates how to apply up-to-date techniques to the problems identified and how to analyze research results. Organized into five sections, this book: Focuses on data, sensors, and systems considerations as well as algorithms for urban feature extraction Analyzes urban landscapes in terms of composition and structure, especially using sub-pixel analysis techniques Presents methods for monitoring, analyzing, and modeling urban growth Illustrates various approaches to urban planning and socio-economic applications of urban remote sensing Assesses the progress made to date, identifies the existing problems and challenges, and demonstrates new developments and trends in urban remote sensing This book is ideal for upper division undergraduate and graduate students, however it can also serve as a reference for researchers or those individuals interested in the remote sensing of cities in academia, and governmental and commercial sectors. Urban Remote Sensing examines how to apply remote sensing technology to urban and suburban areas.