Download or read book Understanding the Impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms on Biologically active Filtration for Drinking Water Treatment written by Youchul Jeon and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) dominated by toxic cyanobacteria have been increasingly detected in water bodies worldwide. During such blooms, cyanobacterial cells may produce and release undesirable algal metabolites such as cyanotoxins and taste and odor causing compounds, which can severely impair water quality. Among the cyanotoxins produced by different cyanobacteria, the most prevalent in freshwater systems are microcystins (MCs). Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), one of the most toxic and frequently detected among microcystin congeners, is a hepatotoxin that can be lethal. In addition, cyanobacterial cells release algal organic matter (AOM) containing a wide spectrum of components such as amino acids, peptides, proteins, and polysaccharides. These are known to serve as precursors for disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, much remains unknown about how HABs affect drinking water treatment processes, especially a biologically-active filtration (BAF) which is considered as a last barrier in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) and plays an important role in removing various natural organic matter and meditating the source water's ecological influence on tap water bacterial community. Therefore, the main research goal of this study is to investigate the impacts of HABs on a biological filtration system in a DWTP. Specifically, the first objective of this study aimed to examine the influence of severe HABs on microbial communities in a full-scale BAF for drinking water treatment. The obtained results showed that microbial diversity in BAF significantly decreases during severe HAB due to the predominance of bloom-associated bacteria (e.g., Sphingopyxis, Porphyrobacter, and Sphingomonas). In addition, severe HAB results in enhanced BAF community function utilizing fatty and amino acids, and modularity, suggesting a presence of biodegradable compounds from AOM. Lastly, the higher relative importance of stochastic processes was observed during the severe HAB than the mild HAB, while stochastic processes were dominant BAF bacterial community assembly. The second objective of this study was to assess the impact of AOM on the performance, MC-LR removal, and biofilms of BAF. Based on the component analysis (excitation and emission matrix analysis) results, terrestrial humic-like substances showed the highest removal among all the identified AOM components and were strongly correlated to MC-LR removal. In addition, reduced empty bed contact time and deactivation of biofilms significantly decreased BAF performances for both AOM and MC-LR. The active biofilm, bacterial community structure, and mlrA gene (involved in microcystin degradation) abundance demonstrated that bacterial biofilm composition responded to AOM and MC-LR, in which Rhodocyclaceae, Saprospiraceae, and Comamonadaceae were dominant. The third objective of this study was to understand the effects of bioagumentation on the removal of MC-LR and bacterial community structure in BAF for drinking water treatment. The non-bioaugmented column showed less than 1 μg/L of MC-LR in effluent after two weeks of operation. In contrast, no improved removal efficiency of MC-LR was observed in the bioaugmented column and more than 1 μg/L of MC-LR was continuously detected in effluent. During the operation, regular backwashing had no significant effect on the MC-LR removal performance in both columns. On the basis of mlrA gene abundance and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, the decreasing pattern of Sphingopyxis sp. IM-1 abundance was observed in every backwashing. In addition, indigenous bacterial groups (e.g., the family Burkholderiaceae and Methylotenera) were positively correlated with MC-LR removal in the columns. Phylogenetic molecular ecological networks showed that the bioaugmented column possessed more complex network and negative links than the control column, indicating that bioaugmentation caused a negative influence on indigenous bacterial community.
Download or read book Harmful Algae Blooms in Drinking Water written by Harold W. Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) occurring in freshwater, and the associated toxins they produce, are dangerous to animals and humans. Mitigating the increasing presence of HABs presents a major challenge to water managers and drinking water utilities across the world. This book explores the current research on removal of HABs and toxins from drinking water. It provides the necessary tools so that treatment plant operators, engineers, and water managers can understand the vulnerability of drinking water treatment plants to HABs and develop treatment processes to minimize the impact of these contaminants. Although conventional treatment processes can be effective for the removal of HAB cells and some HAB toxins under optimal conditions, the potential exists for significant breakthrough of toxins during normal operation. As a result, there is a recognized need for more advanced techniques. Possible advanced processes for removing HAB toxins include granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon (PAC), or oxidative processes. This book reviews both conventional and advanced treatment processes and presents clear and easy-to-understand procedures for the design of systems for optimal cell or toxin removal.
Download or read book Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms State of the Science and Research Needs written by H. Kenneth Hudnell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-13 with total page 955 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the ever-increasing incidence of harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms, this monograph has added urgency and will be essential reading for all sorts of researchers, from neuroscientists to cancer research specialists. The volume contains the proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms, and has been edited by H. Kenneth Hudnell, of the US Environmental Protection Agency. It contains much of the most recent research into the subject.
Download or read book Harmful Algal Blooms written by Sandra E. Shumway and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harmful Algal Blooms: A Compendium Desk Reference erläutert die Grundlagen der schädlichen Algenblüte (HAB) und bietet die notwendigen technischen Informationen, wenn es um unerwartete oder unbekannte schädliche Ereignisse in Zusammenhang mit Algen geht. Dieses Fachbuch behandelt die Gründe für die schädliche Algenblüte, erfolgreiche Management- und Monitoring-Programme, Kontroll-, Präventions- und Minderungsstrategien, die wirtschaftlichen Folgen, Gesundheitsrisiken sowie die Folgen für die Nahrungskette und Ökosysteme. Darüber hinaus bietet es ausführliche Informationen zu den häufigsten HAB-Arten. Harmful Algal Blooms: A Compendium Desk Reference ist ein unschätzbares Referenzwerk für Manager, Einsteiger in das Fachgebiet, Praktiker mit eingeschränkten Zugang zu wissenschaftlicher Literatur und alle, die schnell Zugriff auf Informationen benötigen, insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund neuartiger oder unerwarteter HAB-Ereignisse. Die drei Herausgeber gehören zu den weltweit führenden Forschern auf dem Fachgebiet. Führende Experten haben ebenfalls zu diesem Fachbuch beigetragen, das sich zu einem wichtigen Referenzwerk des Fachgebiets entwickeln wird, zumal das Thema immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnt.
Download or read book Algae Detection and Removal Strategies for Drinking Water Treatment Plants written by and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2004 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual for conventional water treatment plants outlines monitoring strategies for detecting the onset of algae blooms in drinking water sources as well as treatment strategies for minimizing the adverse effects of algae on unit process performance and finished water quality. The manual draws on
Download or read book Harmful algal blooms and hypoxia written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Environment, Technology, and Standards and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monitoring of Harmful Algal Blooms written by Lasse H. Pettersson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-25 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring of Harmful Algae Blooms is a timely guide to the research techniques in use to monitor visible algae blooms and through remote sensing, including infrared techniques, predict them through mathematical modeling. Drawing on current and future satellite data, the book presents visible perspectives on a more efficient HAB monitoring system for the future. It also emphasizes practical applications, impacting on marine ecology, national economy, health, food and safety and quality assurance.
Download or read book Understanding Algal Bloom written by John Burton and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2023-03-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algal bloom, also known as "harmful algal bloom" (HAB), is a natural phenomenon that occurs when certain types of algae rapidly grow and multiply in aquatic environments such as oceans, lakes, and rivers. While algal blooms can be harmless, some species of algae produce toxins that can be harmful or even deadly to aquatic life and humans. In recent years, algal blooms have become a growing concern worldwide due to their increasing frequency and severity. Climate change, pollution, and nutrient-rich runoff from agricultural and urban areas have all been linked to the rise of algal blooms in various regions. The impact of algal blooms on the environment and human health can be devastating, causing fish and other aquatic animals to suffocate, creating oxygen-deprived "dead zones" in bodies of water, and posing a serious threat to human health through contamination of drinking water sources and seafood. As such, understanding and addressing the causes and consequences of algal blooms has become a critical issue for scientists, policymakers, and communities around the globe. GRAB A COPY NOW AND HAVE A GOOD READ
Download or read book Removal of Algal Toxins from Drinking Water Using Ozone and GAC written by Gayle Newcombe and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxic cyanobacteria (blue green algae) have now been reported in 27 countries and are found on all continents including Antarctica. Drinking water authorities world-wide are faced with the challenge of treating contaminated water or the possibility of a toxic bloom occurring sometime in the future. This tailored collaboration project was to provide the international drinking water industry with information to facilitate the confident application of viable treatment techniques for cyanotoxins. Assessment included toxicity of the ozonated solutions, assessment of the protein phosphate inhibition assay technique and the possibility of seeding an activated carbon filter with select bacteria for removal of microcystin-LR. This report offers valuable guidance to the water supplier to aid in deciding upon the most appropriate treatment options for a range of dissolved blue-green algal toxins.
Download or read book Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water written by Ingrid Chorus and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacterial toxins are among the hazardous substances most widely found in water. They occur naturally, but concentrations hazardous to human health are usually due to human activity. Therefore, to protect human health, managing lakes, reservoirs and rivers to prevent cyanobacterial blooms is critical. This second edition of Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water presents the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins as well as their impacts on health through water-related exposure pathways, chiefly drinking-water and recreational activity. It provides scientific and technical background information to support hazard identification, assessment and prioritisation of the risks posed by cyanotoxins, and it outlines approaches for their management at each step of the water-use system. It sets out key practical considerations for developing management strategies, implementing efficient measures and designing monitoring programmes. This enables stakeholders to evaluate whether there is a health risk from toxic cyanobacteria and to mitigate it with appropriate measures. This book is intended for those working on toxic cyanobacteria with a specific focus on public health protection. It intends to empower professionals from different disciplines to communicate and cooperate for sustainable management of toxic cyanobacteria, including public health workers, ecologists, academics, and catchment and waterbody managers. Ingrid Chorus headed the department for Drinking-Water and Swimming-Pool Hygiene at the German Environment Agency. Martin Welker is a limnologist and microbiologist, currently with bioMérieux in Lyon, France.
Download or read book Understanding Transport and Mixing Processes to Mitigate Detrimental Effects of Algal Blooms in a Large Shallow Estuary written by Cristina Perbelini Silva and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High biomass algal blooms tend to occur when transport and mixing time scales exceed phytoplankton growth time scale, resulting in many detrimental effects to the ecosystem and possibly to humans. In order to implement appropriate management strategies to overcome the nuisance of such blooms, it is essential to study the hydrodynamic mechanisms influencing horizontal transport and mixing rates that in turn determine locations conducive to excessive phytoplankton growth. An integrated approach consisting of a theoretical method, a field experiment, historical data and three-dimensional hydrodynamic and ecological modeling was used to understand the physical processes affecting high biomass blooms of the diatom Aulacoseira sp. in the shallow upper Río de la Plata estuary (Argentina-Uruguay). Two high biomass blooms events impacted the drinking water treatment plants of the city of Buenos Aires (Argentina) causing a disruption to normal operation of the plants and risked the drinking water supply to more than 10 million people. Firstly, it was shown that the shallow nature of the estuary tends to direct the flow towards the deeper shipping channels, creating stagnation zones near the Argentinean boundary. Energy levels available for mixing were higher near the Uruguayan boundary and center of the estuary than in the stagnant region along the Argentinean margin. High discharge regimes were shown to also intensify mixing, as opposed to periods of low inflow rates. Secondly, it was demonstrated that these stagnation zones, combined with the transport of algae cells from contributing inflows, and low concentrations of suspended solids in the water column were the main drivers for the occurrence of two high biomass bloom events. Finally, three mitigation strategies were explored to decrease the effects of high biomass algae blooms on the drinking water intakes. An automated real-time and forecast management system was successfully implemented in the Río de la Plata estuary to monitor and predict the occurrence of Aulacoseira sp. near the drinking water intakes. Two engineering solutions were proposed and the results demonstrated that extending the drinking water intakes further offshore or placing groynes near the drinking water intakes would decrease the concentration of Aulacoseira sp. by up to 50 % and 40 % respectively.
Download or read book Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms written by H. Kenneth Hudnell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacteria are single-celled organisms that live in fresh, brackish, and marine water. They use sunlight to make their own food. In warm, nutrient-rich environments, microscopic cyanobacteria can grow quickly, creating blooms that spread across the water s surface and may become visible. Because of the color, texture, and location of these blooms, the common name for cyanobacteria is blue-green algae. However, cyanobacteria are related more closely to bacteria than to algae. Cyanobacteria are found worldwide, from Brazil to China, Australia to the United States. In warmer climates, these organisms can grow year-round. Scientists have called cyanobacteria the origin of plants, and have credited cyanobacteria with providing nitrogen fertilizer for rice and beans. But blooms of cyanobacteria are not always helpful. When these blooms become harmful to the environment, animals, and humans, scientists call them cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs). Freshwater CyanoHABs can use up the oxygen and block the sunlight that other organisms need to live. They also can produce powerful toxins that affect the brain and liver of animals and humans. Because of concerns about CyanoHABs, which can grow in drinking water and recreational water, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has added cyanobacteria to its Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List. This list identifies organisms and toxins that EPA considers to be priorities for investigation. Reports of poisonings associated with CyanoHABs date back to the late 1800s. Anecdotal evidence and data from laboratory animal research suggest that cyanobacterial toxins can cause a range of adverse human health effects, yet few studies have explored the links between CyanoHABs and human health. Humans can be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking water that contains the toxins, swimming in water that contains high concentrations of cyanobacterial cells, or breathing air that contains cyanobacterial cells or toxins (while watering a lawn with contaminated water, for example). Health effects associated with exposure to high concentrations of cyanobacterial toxins include: stomach and intestinal illness; trouble breathing; allergic responses; skin irritation; liver damage; and neurotoxic reactions, such as tingling fingers and toes. Scientists are exploring the human health effects associated with long-term exposure to low levels of cyanobacterial toxins. Some studies have suggested that such exposure could be associated with chronic illnesses, such as liver cancer and digestive-system cancer. This monograph contains the proceedings of the International Symposium on Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms held in Research Triangle Park, NC, September 6-10, 2005. The symposium was held to help meet the mandates of the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act, as reauthorized and expanded in December 2004. The monograph will be presented to Congress by an interagency task force. The monograph includes: 1) A synopsis which proposes a National Research Plan for Cyanobacteria and their Toxins; 2) Six workgroup reports that identify and prioritize research needs; 3) Twenty-five invited speaker papers that describe the state of the science; 4) Forty poster abstracts that describe novel research."
Download or read book Harmful Algal Blooms in Coastal Waters written by Donald F. Boesch and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Water Environment written by Wayne Carmichael and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conference on The Water Environment: Algal Toxins and Health was held at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, on June 29, 30, July 1, 2, 1980. Its principal objectives were to bring together, for the first time, researchers, public officials and interested parties in order to present and discuss what is known about algal toxins. The conference concentrated almost exclusively on toxins and toxic blooms of blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria). Since the most common Cyanobacteria bloom forming species are also the ones most likely to produce toxins, they are a problem in the maintenance of safe animal and human water supplies. While poison ings by Cyanobacteria involve mainly domestic and wild animals, they may also be responsible for cases of human gastroenteritis and con tact poisoning. Even though human poisonings by Cyanobacteria have historically not been a widespread problem, continued deterioration of our recreational and municipal water supplies suggests that blooms of non-toxic and toxic Cyanobacteria blooms will increase. In addi tion to studies on their role as disease agents, there is basic research being done on their pharmacological properties to determine their mode of action and usefulness as tools in the study of basic neuromuscular mechanisms. These papers were centrally typed for reproduction as camera ready copy. Each paper was reviewed and edited by at least two per sons of the editorial committee. This volume is organized into five major sections: 1.
Download or read book Real time Coastal Observing Systems for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms written by Babin, Marcel and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2008-06-05 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of harmful phytoplankton in marine ecosystems can cause massive fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, impact local and regional economies and dramatically affect ecological balance. Real-time observations are essential for effective short-term operational forecasting, but observation and modelling systems are still being developed. This volume provides guidance for developing real-time and near real-time sensing systems for observing and predicting plankton dynamics, including harmful algal blooms, in coastal waters. The underlying theory is explained and current trends in research and monitoring are discussed.Topics covered include: coastal ecosystems and dynamics of harmful algal blooms; theory and practical applications of in situ and remotely sensed optical detection of microalgal distributions and composition; theory and practical applications of in situ biological and chemical sensors for targeted species and toxin detection; integrated observing systems and platforms for detection; diagnostic and predictive modelling of ecosystems and harmful algal blooms, including data assimilation techniques; observational needs for the public and government; and future directions for research and operations.
Download or read book Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms written by Donald Mark Anderson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1998-04-16 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "The Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms", held at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Bermuda, May 27- June 6, 1996
Download or read book Freshwater Algae of North America written by John D. Wehr and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-05 with total page 1067 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification, Second Edition is an authoritative and practical treatise on the classification, biodiversity, and ecology of all known genera of freshwater algae from North America. The book provides essential taxonomic and ecological information about one of the most diverse and ubiquitous groups of organisms on earth. This single volume brings together experts on all the groups of algae that occur in fresh waters (also soils, snow, and extreme inland environments). In the decade since the first edition, there has been an explosion of new information on the classification, ecology, and biogeography of many groups of algae, with the use of molecular techniques and renewed interest in biological diversity. Accordingly, this new edition covers updated classification information of most algal groups and the reassignment of many genera and species, as well as new research on harmful algal blooms. Extensive and complete Describes every genus of freshwater algae known from North America, with an analytical dichotomous key, descriptions of diagnostic features, and at least one image of every genus. Full-color images throughout provide superb visual examples of freshwater algae Updated Environmental Issues and Classifications, including new information on harmful algal blooms (HAB) Fully revised introductory chapters, including new topics on biodiversity, and taste and odor problems Updated to reflect the rapid advances in algal classification and taxonomy due to the widespread use of DNA technologies
