Download or read book Understanding Pegmatite Formation The Melt And Fluid Inclusion Approach written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite extensive studies on pegmatites in the past (Barth 1928, Bjorlykke 1935, Brotzen 1959, Niggli 1920, 1937) and more recently (Cerny 1982, Gordienko 1996, London 2005, Peretyazhko et al., 2004 Shmakin & Makagkon 1999, Strunz 1974) their origin and genesis remain controversial, particularly so for complexly zoned pegmatites. Some researchers (e.g., Fersmann 1931, Turner & Verhoogen 1960) consider them to be of igneous origin, while others believe that pegmatites are metamorphically or metasomatically generated (e.g., Barth 1962, Gresens 1967). In this paper we present evidence in favor of the igneous origin of pegmatites and provide insights into some major pegmatite-forming processes. Our evidence is based primarily on fluid and melt inclusions (FI and MI, respectively) and experimental studies, and suggests that the vast majority of granitic pegmatites are of magmatic origin, even though many may be affected by recrystallization and metasomatism. The very existence of silicate melt inclusions in minerals of pegmatites provides proof of their magmatic origin. In this contribution, we also discuss melt and fluid inclusion evidence concerning the nature and evolution of some granitic pegmatites. Our observations bear primarily on F-enriched and/or alkaline pegmatites, but they are also useful for considering processes involving simple pegmatites composed of feldspar, quartz, and little else. We confine ourselves to major processes of pegmatite formation that can be constrained by the study of MI and FI. Processes and evidence of the late hydrothermal evolution stage, characterized by dilute aqueous solutions, are beyond the scope of this paper.
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Download or read book Fluid Inclusion Studies written by Guoxiang Chi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-09-17 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluid Inclusion Studies: Principle, Problems, and Practice aims to help readers overcome these problems by analyzing challenges and pitfalls and providing a practical guide for conducting their studies. Fluid inclusion study is a powerful tool in the field of the Earth science, especially in the study of mineral and oil and gas deposits. Fluid inclusions are samples of paleo-fluids entrapped in minerals and can provide indispensable information about the compositions of the fluids, and the temperature and pressure conditions of the host mineral formation. The principles are well established and generally easy to understand, however many scientists underestimate the complexities of the subject and make some common mistakes in data collection and interpretation. Includes down to earth discussion of common pitfalls in fluid inclusion studies, allowing scientists to avoid mistakes in actual studies Features a problem-oriented approach that makes it easy for scientists to pinpoint problems and solutions Includes unique applications of fluid inclusions, including applications in plate subduction systems, geothermal systems, environmental studies, and extraterrestrial studies
Download or read book Minerals Inclusions And Volcanic Processes written by Keith D. Putirka and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 69 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry covers the fundamental issues of volcanology: At what depths are eruptions triggered, and over what time scales? Where and why do magmas coalesce before ascent? If magmas stagnate for thousands of years, what forces are responsible for initiating final ascent, or the degassing processes that accelerate upward motion? To the extent that we can answer these questions, we move towards formulating tests of mechanistic models of volcanic eruptions (e.g., Wilson, 1980; Slezin, 2003; Scandone et al., 2007), and hypotheses of the tectonic controls on magma transport (e.g., ten Brink and Brocher, 1987; Takada, 1994; Putirka and Busby, 2007). Our goal, in part, is to review how minerals can be used to understand volcanic systems and the processes that shape them; we also hope that this work will spur new and integrated studies of volcanic systems.
Download or read book Petrogenesis and Experimental Petrology of Granitic Rocks written by Wilhelm Johannes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are several books emphasizing the mineralogical and petrological aspects of granites, but this book is the only one emphasizing the experimental aspects.
Download or read book Fluid Fluid Interactions written by Axel Liebscher and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 65 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry attempts to fill this gap and to explicitly focus on the role that co-existing fluids play in the diverse geologic environments. It brings together the previously somewhat detached literature on fluid–fluid interactions in continental, volcanic, submarine and subduction zone environments. It emphasizes that fluid mixing and unmixing are widespread processes that may occur in all geologic environments of the entire crust and upper mantle. Despite different P-T conditions, the fundamental processes are analogous in the different settings.
Download or read book Carbon in Earth written by Robert M. Hazen and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 75 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry addresses a range of questions that were articulated in May 2008 at the First Deep Carbon Cycle Workshop in Washington, DC. At that meeting 110 scientists from a dozen countries set forth the state of knowledge about Earth's carbon. They also debated the key opportunities and top objectives facing the community. Subsequent deep carbon meetings in Bejing, China (2010), Novosibirsk, Russia (2011), and Washington, DC (2012), as well as more than a dozen smaller workshops, expanded and refined the DCO's decadal goals. The 20 chapters that follow elaborate on those opportunities and objectives.
Download or read book Melt Inclusions in Plutonic Rocks written by Mineralogical Association of Canada and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quartz Deposits Mineralogy and Analytics written by Jens Götze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book will include contributions of the state of the art of quartz raw materials (deposits and properties) and their analytics. The chapters are presented by leading scientists in the quartz field. The presentations cover the main interrelations between genesis of quartz - formation of specific properties - analytics - industrial applications of SiO2 raw materials.
Download or read book Scientific Investigations Report written by Sharon E. Kroening and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pegmatites written by David London and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM contains all illustrations of volume and PDF of chapters of "Graranitic pegmatites, short course handbook 7" published in 1982, edited by Petr Černý, P.
Download or read book Fluid Inclusions written by Iain Samson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Role of Lithium and Boron Bearing Fluids in Crystallization and Alteration of Granitic Pegmatites San Diego California written by Elizabeth M. Gammel and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The San Diego County pegmatites occur in the Mesozoic Peninsular Ranges Batholith that stretches from southwestern California to Baja California, Mexico. These zoned, lithium-cesium-tantalum type pegmatite dikes intruded between 2 and 3 kbar and thus contain miaroles, or "pockets," that may contain gem-quality minerals including euhedral quartz, elbaite tourmaline, and spodumene. Feldspars in pockets are usually altered to kaolinite. This study investigates the role that fluid-soluble elements, Li, B, Cl, and F, have in controlling the mineralogy of pegmatites and subsolidus alteration includes two of these pegmatites: the gem-bearing San Diego and the more barren La Posta pegmatite suites. The fluxing properties of Li and B in melt, in particular, may be responsible for increasing water solubility in pegmatite melts, and therefore the development of large pockets that form by accumulation of aqueous fluids near centers of dikes. Pressure-corrected microthermometric homogenization temperatures >350 oC of primary fluid inclusions in intermediate morphologic zones support sub-thermodynamic solidus crystallization of the pegmatites. Chemical analysis of fluid inclusions by laserablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and ion chromatography (IC) reveals that Li, B, Na, Cl, and F are all components in both pegmatite systems. Li concentrations in the San Diego pegmatite range between 0-51 atom % (relative to all detected cations) and B ranges from 10-65 at.%. In the La Posta pegmatite, inclusions contain significantly less Li, but B is a large component (up to 50 at.%). Significant Ca (up to 10 at.%) is also present in primary fluid inclusions. In both pegmatites, secondary inclusions, thought to represent fluids that equilibrated with feldspars after crystallization, are dominated by Na. The fluid inclusion data shows that in the San Diego pegmatite Li was highly concentrated in residual liquids and separated aqueous fluids, which ultimately led to crystallization of Li-rich minerals in the pegmatite core and pockets. Moreover, thermodynamic calculations show that Li was an essential component in the formation of acidic fluids that included HF and HCl. As the activity of the acids increased in the pegmatite, it lead to alteration of feldspars to form kaolinite in pockets. The HF also promoted high solubility of Si in the magmatic fluid that resulted in growth of large amounts of quartz in the core and pockets of the pegmatite. Reactions between these Libearing fluids and pegmatite minerals is also revealed by lepidolite filling of fractures throughout the pegmatites. The two studied pegmatites share similar emplacement mechanisms, and they both contain pockets in their cores. Yet they are compositionally very different in that the San Diego pegmatite contains abundant Li-bearing minerals, some of them having gemquality, whereas the La Posta pegmatite generally does not. The difference is attributed to lower Li and higher Ca in La Posta pegmatite, whereas the San Diego pegmatite had abundant Li. Fluid inclusions in these two pegmatites reflect their diversity. This study shows why some pegmatites in the San Diego County pegmatite district contain gemquality Li-bearing minerals, while others do not.
Download or read book Melt Inclusions in Volcanic Systems written by B. De Vivo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-07-10 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Melt inclusions provide a unique record of the physical and chemical processes operating in active magma chambers associated with volcanic systems. This book includes a summary of modern techniques used to study and interpret melt inclusions in volcanic rocks, as well as descriptive studies of specific volcanoes. These various studies document the enormous potential for melt inclusions to provide a window into the dynamics of active magma chambers. 'Melt Inclusions in Volcanic Systems' gives the most up-to-date summary of research on the application of melt inclusions in studies of active and fossil volcanic systems, as well as suggestions for future research in this area.
Download or read book Geofluids written by Vratislav Hurai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geofluids: Developments in Microthermometry, Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, and Stable Isotopes is the definitive source on paleofluids and the migration of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins—ideal for researchers in oil and gas exploration. There’s been a rapid development of new non-destructive analytical methods and interdisciplinary research that makes it difficult to find a single source of content on the subject of geofluids. Geoscience researchers commonly use multiple tools to interpret geologic problems, particularly if the problems involve fluid-rock interaction. This book perfectly combines the techniques of fluid inclusion microthermometry, stable isotope analyses, and various types of spectroscopy, including Raman analysis, to contribute to a thorough approach to research. Through a practical and intuitive step-by-step approach, the authors explain sample preparation, measurements, and the interpretation and analysis of data related to thermodynamics and mineral-fluid equilibria. Features working examples in each chapter with step-by-step explanations and calculations Broad range of case studies aid the analytical and experimental data Includes appendices with equations of state, stable isotope fractionation equations, and Raman identification tables that aid in identification of fluid inclusion minerals Authored by a team of expert scientists who have more than 60 years of related experience in the field and classroom combined
Download or read book Zeitschrift f r geologische Wissenschaften written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Granite related Ore Deposits written by Alcides Nóbrega Sial and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2011 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together a collection of papers that summarize current ideas and recent progress in the study of granite-related mineralization systems. They provide a combination of field, experimental and theoretical studies. Papers are grouped according to the main granite-related ore systems: granite-pegmatite, skarn and greisen-veins, porphyry, orogenic gold, intrusion-related, epithermal and porphyry-related gold and base metal, iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG), and special case studies. The studies provide a broad spread in terms of both space and time, highlighting granite-related ore deposits from Europe (Russia, Sweden, Croatia and Turkey), the Middle East (Iran), Asia (Japan and China) and South America (Brazil and Argentina) and spanning rocks from Palaeoproterozoic to Miocene in age.
