Download or read book Understanding Complex Flavor Percepts Using Flavoromics written by Geoffrey Andrew Dubrow and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumer acceptability, or “liking,” is a complex consumer reaction to food which impacts food-derived enjoyment, purchasing behavior, and satiety, and is thus of interest to the food industry as well as consumers and researchers. While numerous factors impact acceptability, food flavor plays an outsize role in determining if a food is liked or disliked. Traditional methods of analyzing flavor identify individual compounds in isolation and out of context, primarily due to instrumental limitations. These methods have limited capability to understand acceptability, itself more a consumer reaction to the holistic experience provided by food than to individual sensory attributes or impact compounds. Chemical profiling and multivariate modeling of metabolites to find compounds predictive of effects, termed “metabolomics,” has recently been applied to the study of flavor. The resulting technique, termed flavoromics, offers the unprecedented ability to directly tie the underlying chemistry of a food to acceptability and other complex sensory percepts through statistical modeling. Compounds predicted to be important to acceptability can be recombined with the original food system and tasted to determine if they drive liking or are merely correlated, providing crucial confirmation for further application and use of findings. While showing great potential for compound discovery, flavoromics remains an emerging technique. Within this dissertation, flavoromics was used across two studies to understand chemical drivers of liking in fruit spreads. Sugar-free fruit spreads have been observed to universally present atypical flavor defects not seen in traditional products and are less-liked than full-sugar spreads. To understand chemical drivers of positively perceived flavors in traditional spreads, flavoromics was used to find universal differences between sugar-free and traditional jams across eight fruit varieties through class-based modeling to remove the impact of fruit variety. Four non-volatile compounds predictive of traditional spreads as compared to sugar-free spreads, regardless of fruit, were identified and tasted. Two compounds, including one which had not previously been described for flavor activity, were revealed to have sensory impact which made sugar-free spreads taste more-similar to traditional spreads, although further sensory validation is needed. This study showed the ability of flavoromics to relate chemistry to flavor-relevant class-based differences regardless of orthogonal variations such as fruit type, and to uncover flavor-active compounds linked to an effect. This study will provide molecular targets to the jam industry for use in producing better-liked sugar-free products, helping dieting consumers achieve sugar-reduction goals without sacrificing flavor enjoyment. The second study focused on linking chemistry directly to consumer ratings of acceptability in strawberry preserves. Fifteen unique strawberry preserves were manufactured using an identical process. Preserves were profiled using untargeted GC/MS and LC/MS to capture flavor-relevant chemical information and were rated by a consumer acceptability panel. Collected chemical data was correlated to acceptability to uncover compounds directly related to liking. Four non-volatile and nine volatile compounds were identified as highly-correlated to acceptability, including two novel non-volatiles and one novel flavor active volatile. Compounds were recombined with spreads and rated by a consumer preference panel, revealing a bimodal distribution of preference which partially broke down by gender. It was found that women significantly preferred jams spiked with acceptability-linked non-volatile compounds over control jams, while men did not display a preference. Although more work is required to investigate causes of preference distributions, this work successfully showed the capability of flavoromics to identify compounds which drive liking in foods. This second study serves to provide crop breeders and jam producers with molecular targets for marker-assisted crop breeding, raw ingredient selection, and process optimization. Together, the two studies discussed in this dissertation present a proof-of-concept for the use of flavoromics to understand acceptability and open the door to greater use of the technique towards understanding drivers of complex sensory percepts in foods.
Download or read book Flavor Perception written by Andrew J. Taylor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike other human senses, the exact mechanisms that lead to our perception of flavor have not yet been elucidated. It is recognised that the process involves a wide range of stimuli, which are thought likely to interact in a complex way, but, since the chemical compounds and physical structures that activate the flavor sensors change as the food is eaten, measurements of the changes in stimuli with time are essential to an understanding of the relationship between stimuli and perception. It is clear that we need to consider the whole process - the release of flavor chemicals in the mouth, the transport processes to the receptors, the specificity and characteristics of the receptors, the transduction mechanisms and the subsequent processing of signals locally and at higher centres in the brain. This book provides a state-of-the-art review of our current understanding of the key stages of flavor perception for those working in the flavor field, whether in the academic or industrial sector. In particular, it is directed at food scientists and technologists, ingredients suppliers and sensory scientists.
Download or read book Flavour written by Elisabeth Guichard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-12-27 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will cover all aspects of flavour perception, including aroma, taste and the role of the trigeminal nerve, from the general composition of food to the perception at the peri-receptor and central level. This book will answer to a growing need for multidisciplinary approaches to better understand the mechanisms involved in flavour perception. The book presents the bases of anatomy of sensory perception. It will provide the requisite basic knowledge on the molecules responsible for flavour perception, on their release from the food matrix during the eating process in order to reach the chemosensory receptors, and on their retention and release from and transformation by bodily fluids of the oral and nasal cavities. It will also bring current knowledge on the multimodal interactions. This book will also cover the recent evolution in flavour science: characterisation of molecules, interaction with food matrix and more recently, physic-chemical and physiological and events during oral processing increasingly considered.
Download or read book Understanding Natural Flavors written by J. R. Piggott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-14 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been increasing interest in recent years in the concept and production of natural foods. Advertising claims that food is natural, without additives or artificial ingredients, have taken on great importance in marketing. Consumption of food that can be considered natural is currently central to the sophisticated lifestyle. However, there is only a limited published literature on what constitutes natural food flavours. Much of the flavour and fragrance industry has worked on development of synthetic or 'nature-identical' flavours which represent a chemist's simu lation of the natural character. As marketing claims become more strident it is necessary to gain a better understanding of natural food flavours in order to safeguard food quality and for prevention of fraud. There have been great advances recently in analytical chemistry, and partly as a result of this progress there seems to be a never-ending increase in the number of volatile compounds identified in foods. Unfortunately, this has not always been matched by an equal increase in the understanding of how these volatile compounds arise, or how they contribute to the sensation which we call flavour. Throughout the development of Western society, quality of food, particularly flavour, has been highly regarded. The amateur or professional cook with the skills to optimize and maintain standards in flavour has been held in the highest respect.
Download or read book Flavoromics written by Leo M. L. Nollet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-18 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forty years of progress in the fields of gas chromatography and data collection have culminated in flavoromics. This is a combination of chemometrics and metabolomics. Essentially, it is the non-targeted way of rapidly collecting a significant amount of data from a wide range of sample populations and using the data to study complicated topics. Now that we have the required tools, we can carry out high-throughput trace investigations that incorporate both gustatory and olfactory signals. Flavoromics: An Integrated Approach to Flavor and Sensory Assessment describes the tools to do high-throughput, trace analyses that represent both taste and olfaction stimuli. It explains how today's single sample research will generate thousands of data points, which are loaded into sophisticated statistical analysis algorithms to establish what stimuli are responsible for flavor. This cutting-edge equipment will enable us to create flavorings and perfumes that are more realistic and superior. Key Features: Includes a detailed section on data handling/mining Section 4 describes a broad overview of different food matrices Points out the integration of flavoromics with advanced separation methods, data management, statistical modeling, and variable selection This book represents a revolutionary tool waiting to help make better, truer to life flavorings and fragrances.
Download or read book Flavoromics written by Leo Nollet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forty years of progress in the fields of gas chromatography and data collection have culminated in flavoromics. This is a combination of chemometrics and metabolomics. Essentially, it is the non-targeted way of rapidly collecting a significant amount of data from a wide range of sample populations and using the data to study complicated topics. Now that we have the required tools, we can carry out high-throughput trace investigations that incorporate both gustatory and olfactory signals. Flavoromics: An Integrated Approach to Flavor and Sensory Assessment describes the tools to do high-throughput, trace analyses that represent both taste and olfaction stimuli. It explains how today's single sample research will generate thousands of data points, which are loaded into sophisticated statistical analysis algorithms to establish what stimuli are responsible for flavor. This cutting-edge equipment will enable us to create flavorings and perfumes that are more realistic and superior. Key Features: Includes a detailed section on data handling/mining Section 4 describes a broad overview of different food matrices Points out the integration of flavoromics with advanced separation methods, data management, statistical modeling, and variable selection This book represents a revolutionary tool waiting to help make better, truer to life flavorings and fragrances.
Download or read book Practical Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Materials written by Kevin Goodner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern flavours and fragrances are complex formulated products containing blends of aroma compounds with auxiliary materials, enabling desirable flavours or fragrances to be added to a huge range of products. The flavour and fragrance industry is a key part of the worldwide specialty chemicals industry, yet most technical recruits have minimal exposure to flavours and fragrances before recruitment. The analytical chemistry of flavour and fragrance materials presents specific challenges to the analytical chemist, as most of the chemicals involved are highly volatile, present in very small amounts and in complex mixtures. Analytical Methods for Flavor and Fragrance Materials covers the most important methods in the analysis of flavour and fragrance materials, including traditional and newly emerging methodologies. It discusses the capabilities of the various analytical methods for flavour and fragrance analysis and guides the newcomer to the most appropriate techniques for specific analytical problems.
Download or read book Flavour Development Analysis and Perception in Food and Beverages written by J K Parker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flavour is a critical aspect of food production and processing, requiring careful design, monitoring and testing in order to create an appealing food product. This book looks at flavour generation, flavour analysis and sensory perception of food flavour and how these techniques can be used in the food industry to create new and improve existing products. Part one covers established and emerging methods of characterising and analysing taste and aroma compounds. Part two looks at different factors in the generation of aroma. Finally, part three focuses on sensory analysis of food flavour. - Covers the analysis and characterisation of aromas and taste compounds - Examines how aromas can be created and predicted - Reviews how different flavours are perceived
Download or read book Flavour Research at the Dawn of the Twenty first Century written by Jean-Luc Le Quéré and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flavor Chemistry and Technology written by H. Heath and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986-07-31 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A text for undergraduate and graduate students majoring in food technology combines the essentials of both flavor chemistry (4 chapters) and flavor technology (10 chapters). Topics under flavor chemistry cover: sampling and analysis methods; the biogenesis of flavor in fruits and vegetables; changes that occur in food flavors during or as a result of processing; and off-flavors in foods and their causes. Topics under food technology include: the nature and utility of food flavors and flavoring materials; natural flavorings; flavoring materials produced by food processing and preparation; synthetic flavoring materials; flavor potentiators and their properties; the art and science ofthe development of flavors and their sensory evaluation; methods for flavor production; applications of flavorings in the food processing industry; the regulatory aspects of flavors; and analytical methods and sensory assessments for quality control. Literature references are presented at the end of each chapter, and numerous illustrations and tabular data are presented throughout the text.
Download or read book Solutions University of Minnesota College of Food Agricultural and Natural Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Food Flavors written by Henryk Jelen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-10-25 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food flavor, appearance, and texture are the sensory properties that influence food acceptance, and among these, flavor is usually the decisive factor for the choice of a particular product. Food Flavors: Chemical, Sensory, and Technological Properties explores the main aspects of food flavors and provides a starting point for further study in focu
Download or read book Flavor Analysis written by Cynthia J. Mussinan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filled with practical examples, this volume illustrates innovative flavor analysis techniques used by today's leaders in food chemistry. It covers flavor analysis for apples, beef, citrus, coffee, cheese, extruded pet foods, fungi, milk, and Maillard reaction systems, and the researchers come from throughout the industrialized world. Eleven of the chapters illustrate techniques for isolating volatile compounds from complex food matrices, including micro-scale liquid-liquid extraction, headspace sampling, solid phase microextraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and thermo desorption. The chapters devoted to analytical characterization include analyses of Amadori compounds, sulfur compounds, chiral compounds, coumarins and psoralens, flavor precursors, and natural products by GC, GC-MS, HPLC-MS, CCC (countercurrent chromatography), and GC-IRMS (gas chromatography isotope ration mass spectrometry). The final section covers sensory characterization and describes examples using the gas chromatography-olfactory techniques OSME and AEDA as well as the new GC-SOMMSA (selective odorant measurement by multisensor array).
Download or read book Characterization of Odorant Patterns by Comprehensive Two Dimensional Gas Chromatography written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-02-16 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume has as primary focus multidimensional gas chromatography (heart-cutting systems, comprehensive 2D-GC systems and hybrid solutions) and its characteristic features for in depth investigation of complex fractions of odor-active volatiles. Contributions, from outstanding researchers in the field from Academia and industry, cover fundamentals aspects on the physiology of olfaction, the strategies to identify key-odorants from the bulk of detectable volatiles (sensomics), the principles of operation of multidimensional analytical platforms (i.e., comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography – GC×GC; heart-cut 2D-GC, hybrid systems), and the fundamental role of mass spectrometry in providing reliable and informative data. Insights on new systems design and configurations are also provided, including sample preparation and data processing strategies, as important steps of the whole analytical process. Real-world examples cover food volatiles, complex aroma mixtures, odors emitted from industrial plants, volatiles of interest in forensic and medical applications. - Providing insights on fundamental aspects and advances in analytical platforms design and work-flows implementation for volatiles and odorants patterns detection in key-application areas - Up-dates on the most modern and advanced solutions to isolate, detect and characterize complex odorant patterns by multidimensional analytical techniques - Critical overview on main application areas where odors have a key-information role: food aroma and flavor industry, industrial environments, forensic and clinical applications
Download or read book Coffee written by Ronald Clarke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coffee, one of the most commercially important crops grown, is distributed and traded globally in a multi-million dollar world industry. This exciting new book brings together in one volume the most important recent developments affecting the crop. Contributions from around 20 internationally-respected coffee scientists and technologists from around the world provide a vast wealth of new information in the subject areas in which they are expert. The book commences with three cutting-edge chapters covering non-volatile and volatile compounds that determine the flavour of coffee. Chapters covering technology follow, including comprehensive information on developments in roasting techniques, decaffeination, the science and technology of instant coffee and home / catering beverage preparation. The physiological effects of coffee drinking are considered in a fascinating chapter on coffee and health. Agronomic aspects of coffee breeding and growing are covered specifically in chapters concentrating on these aspects, particularly focussing on newly-emerging molecular and cellular techniques. Finally, recent activities of some international organisations are reviewed in a lengthy appendix. The editors of Coffee: Recent Developments have drawn together a comprehensive and extremely important book that should be on the shelves of all those involved in coffee. The book is a vital tool for food scientists, food technologists and agricultural scientists and the commercially important information included in the book makes it a 'must have reference' to all food companies involved with coffee. All libraries in universities, and research stations where any aspect of the coffee crop is studied or taught should have copies of the book available. R. J. Clarke, also co-editor of the widely-acclaimed six-volume work Coffee published between 1985 and 1988, is a consultant based in Chichester U. K. O. G. Vitzthum, formerly Director of Coffee Chemistry Research worldwide at Kraft, Jacobs, Suchard in Bremen, Germany is Honorary Professor at the Technical University of Braunsweig, Germany and Scientific Secretary of the Association Scientifique Internationale du Cafe (ASIC), in Paris France.
Download or read book Sensory Directed Flavor Analysis written by Ray Marsili and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-09-11 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, flavor chemists can generate copious amounts of data in a short time with relatively little effort using automated solid phase micro-extraction, Gerstel-Twister and other extraction techniques in combination with gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. However, more data does not necessarily mean better understanding. In fact, the ability to extr
Download or read book Solid Phase Microextraction written by Gangfeng Ouyang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-24 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers comprehensive information on the developments and applications of the solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique. The first part of the book briefly introduces readers to the fundamentals of SPME, while subsequent sections describe the applications of SPME technique in detail, including environmental analysis (air, water, soil/sediments), food analysis (volatile/nonvolatile compounds), and bioanalysis (plants, animal tissues, body fluids). The advantages and future challenges of the SPME technique are also discussed. Including recent research advances and further developments of SPME, the book offers a practical reference guide and a valuable resource for researchers and users of SPME techniques. The target audience includes analytical chemists, environmental scientists, biological scientists, material scientists, and analysts, as well as students at universities/institutes in related fields. Dr. Gangfeng Ouyang is a Professor at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, China. Dr. Ruifen Jiang is an Associate Professor at the School of Environment, Jinan University, China.
