Download or read book Understanding and Optimization of Electrical Characteristics of Organic Devices written by Akash Nigam and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrical characteristics of organic semiconductors have been studied intensively ever since conductivity in organic materials has been discovered. The focus has been the understanding of factors that affect charge transport so that the performance of organic devices can be improved. This work focuses on the electrical characterization of organic semiconductors. We have investigated a series of problems related to capacitance voltage measurements and current voltage measurements of organic devices. The physics of organic electronic devices are often interpreted by invoking the concept of -- "unintentional doping". However, the applicability and usefulness of this controversial concept is not very clear and is under much debate, recently. In this thesis, we have reevaluated the validity of this concept through careful experiments and detailed numerical simulations. Specifically, we have used Capacitance Voltage (CV) measurements of pentacene devices as a test bed to unravel the role of injecting electrodes and unintentional doping (if any). Our results have indicated that the CV of pentacene capacitors can be solely understood in terms of properties of the contact electrodes. The unintentional doping, if present, has an inconsequential role in device performance. Our conclusions have indicated that, often, an incorrect interpretation of CV results leads to unphysical values of unintentional doping. It has obvious implications in the fundamental understanding of organic semiconductor device physics, modeling, and characterization thus resolving many ambiguities in literature by providing a consistent interpretation through a coherent conceptual framework. The impact of atmospheric exposure on pentacene devices has been explained based on the contact barrier degradation at the metal-semiconductor interface. An analytical model based on the timing analysis of the capacitance frequency measurements has been proposed in order to extract the injection barrier. It was found that on atmospheric exposure, the pentacene gold injection barrier is reduced to 0.51 eV limiting the number of carriers transporting in the devices. The extracted value is close to different values reported in various photoelectron spectroscopic studies. Mechanical flexibility is one of the key advantages of organic semiconducting films in applications such as wearable-electronics or flexible displays. We have studied the electrical characteristics of C60-based top gate organic field effect transistors (OFET). The devices were characterized by curling the substrates in a concave and convex manner, to apply varying values of compressive and tensile strain, respectively. Electron mobility was found to increase with compressive strain and decrease with tensile strain. The observed strain effect was found to be strongly anisotropic with respect to the direction of the current flow. The results are quantified using the Fishchuk/Kadashchuk model for the hopping charge transport. We suggest that the observed strain dependence of the electron transport is dominated by a change in the effective charge hopping distance over the grain boundaries in polycrystalline C60 films. Most studies on charge transport are focused around low temperature electrical measurements. We have electrically characterized pentacene based OFETs between the temperature ranges of 25 °C to 190 °C in ambient conditions. Material characterization studies such as X-ray photoelectron (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) prove the stability of pentacene as a semiconductor in ambient conditions at elevated temperatures. The crystallinity of pentacene films is retained up to 110 °C; its phase changes around 150 °C. Charge transport studies reveal a strong dependence of mobility on the gate field and interface states. The degradation of device parameters is attributed to the deterioration of dielectric and phase transformation in pentacene at higher temperatures. At an above-room-temperature range, mobility is found to be thermally activated in the presence of traps, whereas, for a trap-free interface, it is temperature independent. These results validate the performance and stability of organic devices in practical environmental conditions. The different experimental works reported in this thesis have been wrapped under the thesis title, -- "Understanding and Optimization of Electrical Characteristics of Organic Devices".
Download or read book An Understanding of the the Electrical Characteristics of Organic Molecular Devices written by Christopher M. Finch and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Non Local Density of States of Electronic Excitations in Organic Semiconductors written by Carl. R Poelking and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the microscopic understanding of the function of organic semiconductors. By tracing the link between their morphological structure and electronic properties across multiple scales, it represents an important advance in this direction. Organic semiconductors are materials at the interface between hard and soft matter: they combine structural variability, processibility and mechanical flexibility with the ability to efficiently transport charge and energy. This unique set of properties makes them a promising class of materials for electronic devices, including organic solar cells and light-emitting diodes. Understanding their function at the microscopic scale – the goal of this work – is a prerequisite for the rational design and optimization of the underlying materials. Based on new multiscale simulation protocols, the book studies the complex interplay between molecular architecture, supramolecular organization and electronic structure in order to reveal why some materials perform well – and why others do not. In particular, by examining the long-range effects that interrelate microscopic states and mesoscopic structure in these materials, the book provides qualitative and quantitative insights into e.g. the charge-generation process, which also serve as a basis for new optimization strategies.
Download or read book Electrical Characterization of Organic Electronic Materials and Devices written by Professor Peter Stallinga and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-08 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Think like an electron Organic electronic materials have many applications and potential in low-cost electronics such as electronic barcodes and in light emitting devices, due to their easily tailored properties. While the chemical aspects and characterization have been widely studied, characterization of the electrical properties has been neglected, and classic textbook modeling has been applied. This is most striking in the analysis of thin-film transistors (TFTs) using thick “bulk” transistor (MOS-FET) descriptions. At first glance the TFTs appear to behave as regular MOS-FETs. However, upon closer examination it is clear that TFTs are unique and merit their own model. Understanding and interpreting measurements of organic devices, which are often seen as black-box measurements, is critical to developing better devices and this, therefore, has to be done with care. Electrical Characterization of Organic Electronic Materials and Devices Gives new insights into the electronic properties and measurement techniques for low-mobility electronic devices Characterizes the thin-film transistor using its own model Links the phenomena seen in different device structures and different measurement techniques Presents clearly both how to perform electrical measurements of organic and low-mobility materials and how to extract important information from these measurements Provides a much-needed theoretical foundation for organic electronics
Download or read book Organic Thermoelectric Materials written by Zhiqun Lin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-10-18 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarises the significant progress made in organic thermoelectric materials, focusing on effective routes to minimize thermal conductivity and maximize power factor.
Download or read book Conducting Organic Materials and Devices written by Suresh C. Jain and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conducting polymers were discovered in 1970s in Japan. Since this discovery, there has been a steady flow of new ideas, new understanding, new conducing polymer (organics) structures and devices with enhanced performance. Several breakthroughs have been made in the design and fabrication technology of the organic devices. Almost all properties, mechanical, electrical, and optical, are important in organics. This book describes the recent advances in these organic materials and devices.
Download or read book Organic Electronics written by Franky So and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-24 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the near future, organic semiconductors may be used in a variety of products, including flat-screen TVs, e-book readers, and third-generation organic photovoltaics applications, to name just a few. While organic electronics has received increased attention in scientific journals, those working in this burgeoning field require more in-depth cover
Download or read book Electrical and Related Properties of Organic Solids written by R.W. Munn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic solids exhibit a wide range of electrical and related properties. They occur as crystals, glasses, polymers and thin films; they may be insulators, semiconductors, conductors or superconductors; and they may show luminescence, nonlinear optical response, and complex dynamical behaviour. The book provides a broad survey of this area, written by international experts, one third being drawn from Eastern Europe. Electrical, optical, spectroscopic and structural aspects are all treated in a way that gives an excellent introduction to current themes in this highly interdisciplinary and practically important area. The coverage is especially strong in the areas where electrical and optical properties overlap, such as photoconductivity, electroluminescence, electroabsorption, electro-optics and photorefraction.
Download or read book Organic Flexible Electronics written by Piero Cosseddu and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Electronics is a novel field of electronics that has gained an incredible attention over the past few decades. New materials, device architectures and applications have been continuously introduced by the academic and also industrial communities, and novel topics have raised strong interest in such communities, as molecular doping, thermoelectrics, bioelectronics and many others.Organic Flexible Electronics is mainly divided into three sections. The first part is focused on the fundamentals of organic electronics, such as charge transport models in these systems and new approaches for the design and synthesis of novel molecules. The first section addresses the main challenges that are still open in this field, including the important role of interfaces for achieving high-performing devices or the novel approaches employed for improving reliability issues.The second part discusses the most innovative devices which have been developed in recent years, such as devices for energy harvesting, flexible batteries, high frequency circuits, and flexible devices for tattoo electronics and bioelectronics.Finally the book reviews the most important applications moving from more standard flexible back panels to wearable and textile electronics and more futuristic applications like ingestible systems. Reviews the fundamental properties and methods for optimizing organic electronic materials including chemical doping and techniques to address stability issues Discusses the most promising organic electronic devices for energy, electronics, and biomedical applications Addresses key applications of organic electronic devices in imagers, wearable electronics, bioelectronics
Download or read book Solution Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices written by Beata Luszczynska and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides first-hand insights into advanced fabrication techniques for solution processable organic electronics materials and devices The field of printable organic electronics has emerged as a technology which plays a major role in materials science research and development. Printable organic electronics soon compete with, and for specific applications can even outpace, conventional semiconductor devices in terms of performance, cost, and versatility. Printing techniques allow for large-scale fabrication of organic electronic components and functional devices for use as wearable electronics, health-care sensors, Internet of Things, monitoring of environment pollution and many others, yet-to-be-conceived applications. The first part of Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices covers the synthesis of: soluble conjugated polymers; solution-processable nanoparticles of inorganic semiconductors; high-k nanoparticles by means of controlled radical polymerization; advanced blending techniques yielding novel materials with extraordinary properties. The book also discusses photogeneration of charge carriers in nanostructured bulk heterojunctions and charge carrier transport in multicomponent materials such as composites and nanocomposites as well as photovoltaic devices modelling. The second part of the book is devoted to organic electronic devices, such as field effect transistors, light emitting diodes, photovoltaics, photodiodes and electronic memory devices which can be produced by solution-based methods, including printing and roll-to-roll manufacturing. The book provides in-depth knowledge for experienced researchers and for those entering the field. It comprises 12 chapters focused on: ? novel organic electronics components synthesis and solution-based processing techniques ? advanced analysis of mechanisms governing charge carrier generation and transport in organic semiconductors and devices ? fabrication techniques and characterization methods of organic electronic devices Providing coverage of the state of the art of organic electronics, Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices is an excellent book for materials scientists, applied physicists, engineering scientists, and those working in the electronics industry.
Download or read book Organic Electronics Materials and Devices written by Shuichiro Ogawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-18 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introductory text for graduate students, researchers in industries, and those who are just beginning to work on organic electronics materials, devices and their applications. The book includes mainly fundamental principles and theories for understanding organic electronics materials and devices, but also provides information about state-of-the-art technologies, applications and future prospects. These topics encompass physics for organic transistors, structure control technologies of polymer semiconductors, nanomaterials electronics, organic solar cells, organic electroluminescence, liquid semiconductors and dynamics for excitation, among others. This book will help researchers to be able to contribute to society with the technologies and science of organic electronics materials in the future.
Download or read book Organic Solar Cells written by Barry P. Rand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have the potential to make a significant contribution to the increasing energy needs of the future. In this book, 15 chapters written by selected experts explore the required characteristics of components present in an OPV device, such as transparent electrodes, electron- and hole-conducting layers, as well as elect
Download or read book Polymers in Organic Electronics written by Sulaiman Khalifeh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers in Organic Electronics: Polymer Selection for Electronic, Mechatronic, and Optoelectronic Systems provides readers with vital data, guidelines, and techniques for optimally designing organic electronic systems using novel polymers. The book classifies polymer families, types, complexes, composites, nanocomposites, compounds, and small molecules while also providing an introduction to the fundamental principles of polymers and electronics. Features information on concepts and optimized types of electronics and a classification system of electronic polymers, including piezoelectric and pyroelectric, optoelectronic, mechatronic, organic electronic complexes, and more. The book is designed to help readers select the optimized material for structuring their organic electronic system.Chapters discuss the most common properties of electronic polymers, methods of optimization, and polymeric-structured printed circuit boards. The polymeric structures of optoelectronics and photonics are covered and the book concludes with a chapter emphasizing the importance of polymeric structures for packaging of electronic devices. Provides key identifying details on a range of polymers, micro-polymers, nano-polymers, resins, hydrocarbons, and oligomers Covers the most common electrical, electronic, and optical properties of electronic polymers Describes the underlying theories on the mechanics of polymer conductivity Discusses polymeric structured printed circuit boards, including their rapid prototyping and optimizing their polymeric structures Shows optimization methods for both polymeric structures of organic active electronic components and organic passive electronic components
Download or read book Nanoscale Interface for Organic Electronics written by Mitsumasa Iwamoto and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book treats the important issues of interface control in organic devices in a wide range of applications that cover from electronics, displays, and sensors to biorelated devices. This book is composed of three parts: Part 1, Nanoscale interface; Part 2, Molecular electronics; Part 3, Polymer electronics.
Download or read book Electronic Processes in Organic Electronics written by Hisao Ishii and published by . This book was released on 2015-01-31 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanoscale VLSI written by Rohit Dhiman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-03 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes methodologies in the design of VLSI devices, circuits and their applications at nanoscale levels. The book begins with the discussion on the dominant role of power dissipation in highly scaled devices.The 15 Chapters of the book are classified under four sections that cover design, modeling, and simulation of electronic, magnetic and compound semiconductors for their applications in VLSI devices, circuits, and systems. This comprehensive volume eloquently presents the design methodologies for ultra–low power VLSI design, potential post–CMOS devices, and their applications from the architectural and system perspectives. The book shall serve as an invaluable reference book for the graduate students, Ph.D./ M.S./ M.Tech. Scholars, researchers, and practicing engineers working in the frontier areas of nanoscale VLSI design.
Download or read book Organic Thin Film Transistor Integration written by Flora Li and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-21 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on organic electronics (or plastic electronics) is driven by the need to create systems that are lightweight, unbreakable, and mechanically flexible. With the remarkable improvement in the performance of organic semiconductor materials during the past few decades, organic electronics appeal to innovative, practical, and broad-impact applications requiring large-area coverage, mechanical flexibility, low-temperature processing, and low cost. Thus, organic electronics appeal to a broad range of electronic devices and products including transistors, diodes, sensors, solar cells, lighting, displays, and electronic identification and tracking devices A number of commercial opportunities have been identified for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), ranging from flexible displays, electronic paper, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, smart cards, to low-cost disposable electronic products, and more are continually being invented as the technology matures. The potential applications for "plastic electronics" are huge but several technological hurdles must be overcome. In many of these applications, transistor serves as a fundamental building block to implement the necessary electronic functionality. Hence, research in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) or organic field effect transistors (OFETs) is eminently pertinent to the development and realization of organic electronics. This book presents a comprehensive investigation of the production and application of a variety of polymer based transistor devices and circuits. It begins with a detailed overview of Organic Thin Film Transistors (OTFTs) and discusses the various possible fabrication methods reported so far. This is followed by two major sections on the choice, optimization and implementation of the gate dielectric material to be used. Details of the effects of processing on the efficiency of the contacts are then provided. The book concludes with a chapter on the integration of such devices to produce a variety of OTFT based circuits and systems. The key objective is to examine strategies to exploit existing materials and techniques to advance OTFT technology in device performance, device manufacture, and device integration. Finally, the collective knowledge from these investigations facilitates the integration of OTFTs into organic circuits, which is expected to contribute to the development of new generation of all-organic displays for communication devices and other pertinent applications. Overall, a major outcome of this work is that it provides an economical means for organic transistor and circuit integration, by enabling the use of a well-established PECVD infrastructure, while not compromising the performance of electronics. The techniques established here are not limited to use in OTFTs only; the organic semiconductor and SiNx combination can be used in other device structures (e.g., sensors, diodes, photovoltaics). Furthermore, the approach and strategy used for interface optimization can be extended to the development of other materials systems.
