Download or read book Understanding America s Unfinished Transformation Three Essays on the Economics of Higher Education written by Judith E. Scott-Clayton and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use financial aid application data to show that complexity contributes little to the targeting of aid, despite evidence that its administrative and psychological costs are substantial. In the final essay, I examine the impact of the PROMISE scholarship in West Virginia, which provides financial incentives for college student performance. The program could work either by relaxing financial constraints or by inducing additional student effort. Using administrative data, I exploit discontinuities in both the eligibility formula and the timing of implementation to identify program effects. I find significant impacts on key outcomes including graduation. The concentration of impacts at the precise thresholds for annual scholarship renewal suggests that the program works by establishing clear academic goals and incentives to meet them, rather than by simply reducing the cost of college.

Download or read book Three Essays in the Economics of Higher Education written by Liang Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in the Economics of Higher Education written by Paul David Cowell and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three essays in the economics of higher education written by H. M. Coiner and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in the Economics of Higher Education written by H. Michael Coiner and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economics of American Higher Education written by William E. Becker Jr. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Postsecondary educational institutions in the United States are facing increasing financial stress and waning public support. Unless these trends can be changed, higher education can be expected to stagnate. What, if anything, can be done? As a starting point, advocates of higher education need to more fully recognize the issues associated with the economic mission of higher education and how this mission gets translated into individual student gains, regional growth, and social equity. This requires an understanding of the relationship between the outcomes of higher education and measures of economic productivity and well-being. This volume addresses topics related to the role of postsecondary education in microeconomic development within the United States. At tention is given to the importance of colleges and universities 'in the enhancement of individual students and in the advancement of the com munities and states within which they work. Although several of the chapters in this volume are aimed at research/teaching universities, much of what is presented throughout can be generalized to all of postsecondary education. Little attention, however, is given to the role of higher education in the macroeconomic development of the United States; this topic is covered in our related book, American Higher Education and National Growth.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Higher Education written by Safa Ragued and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My thesis bridges two different literatures namely, the Economics of Education and Labor Economics. These two literatures are brought together to bear on public policy aimed at enhancing human capital and preventing inefficient schooling paths. The first chapter proposes a general equilibrium model of enrollment in higher education and labor supply, in the context of uncertain return on higher education and internationally mobile capital. The study aims to contrast the performances of different wage tax proposals on skill formation. The results suggest that the quantitative impact on skill formation of switching from the flat to the progressive tax varies with the level of efficiency with which higher education imparts graduates with suitable skills. This impact is negative when the level of efficiency of higher education is low and positive when it is high. The second chapter raises the issue of income inequality. The model considers three types of interventions on which the government could take action to maximize social welfare: financing early education, subsidizing college tuition and/or redistributing income through taxation. The study jointly determines the optimal level of these policies using a model of college enrollment. When calibrated to empirical evidence from the Canadian Province of Ontario, the model predicts an optimal policy mix characterized by the coexistence of redistributive taxation, public investment in K-12 education, and public subsidies for college tuition. Compared to the Status Quo policy scenario in Ontario, the optimal policy mix exhibits a lower share of public funds allocated to K-12 education, a higher share allocated to college tuition subsidies, and a higher level of redistributive taxation. More importantly, the results conclude that studies that do not jointly determine the optimal levels of the three policy options tend to overestimate these levels. While the first two chapters study the optimality of public policies, the third chapter empirically tackles the issue of temporary interruption of higher education, particularly, its effect on subsequent wages. Most of the studies that address the issue of the economic consequences of schooling interruption, examine dropping-out as a permanent decision. Little attention has so far been given to the effect of temporary drop out on earnings despite the substantial number of dropouts who at some point decide to re-enroll and complete their education. This chapter contributes to the understanding of this issue by investigating the extent to which schooling discontinuities affect post-graduation starting real wages and whether the latter are differently influenced by the reasons behind these discontinuities. This subject is examined using data from the 2007 National Graduate Survey. The covariates endogeneity is taken into account using Lewbel's (2012) generated instrument approach. The latter imposes some reasonable restrictions on the conditional second moments of the data, under heteroscedasticity of the error terms of the endogenous covariates. Under these constraints, the Lewbel framework provides generated instruments which are used along with additional external instruments, to estimate the model. Conditional on the levels of schooling and experience, the results find a positive effect on wages of temporary schooling interruption for men who had held a full-time job during their out-of-school spell(s). Both men and women witness a wage decrease if their interruption is associated with health issues. Women also bear a wage penalty if their interruption is due to a part-time job, to lack of money, or is caused by reasons other than health, work, and money.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Higher Education written by Raymond Bachan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Higher Education written by Xing Xia and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is true regardless of whether we control for four-year college quality. Since students who obtain a bachelor's degree have no reason to reveal their transfer status to employers, this is evidence that college quality has important implications for labor market returns independent of signaling effects. We also find some evidence that the negative effect of transferring is largest for women as well as students at the lowest and highest ends of the ability distribution.

Download or read book Three Essays on Higher Education and Inequality written by Noah Hirschl and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three studies that shed light on the ongoing transformation of higher education's role in producing inequality and transmitting advantages across generations in the United States. The first chapter examines the most educated Americans: graduate and professional degree holders. The subsequent two chapters, by contrast, shift focus to young adults' transition into higher education, examining how schools and local labor markets shape racial inequality in the transition from high school to college.The first empirical chapter examines horizontal stratification among graduate and professional degree programs and their connection to the new economic elite. Compared to the baccalaureate level, there has been relatively little empirical research on distinctions among graduate and professional degrees and how they relate to labor market inequality. I add to this emerging literature with 30 years of linked survey data containing an unprecedented level of detail on the lives of the most educated Americans. I track recent historical changes in who attains top-ranked MBAs, JDs, MDs, and PhDs, finding a marked increase in the influence of parental education on elite degree attainment. This novel evidence suggests the solidifying of an intergenerational class of highly educated professionals in the United States. Second, I explore the earnings returns to program rank across different degree types, and by gender and parental education, with a particular focus on the top percentile of the earnings distribution. Unlike at the baccalaureate level, the earnings returns to prestige vary significantly across fields, such that they are much higher in MBA and JD programs than research doctorate or medical programs. I also find that the earnings returns to prestige are higher for children from less-educated families, suggesting a potential equalizing effect of elite postbaccalaureate programs. The second empirical chapter examines how local labor markets shape college attendance behavior differently by race and gender. A long-standing sociological literature has established that white students are substantially less likely to attend four-year colleges than are Black students with similar socioeconomic resources and academic performance. Drawing on accounts of racial labor market segregation among workers without bachelor's degrees, I hypothesize that racialized and gendered access to good sub-baccalaureate jobs-for instance, jobs in the trades-may account for racial differences in college attendance. I test this hypothesis empirically using administrative data on students attending high school in Wisconsin, examining net racial differences in college attendance across labor markets with varying degrees of racial occupational segregation. I do not find clear support for my hypothesis. However, I do find that white boys are more likely than Black boys to attend two-year colleges in places with more racially segregated labor markets. This finding suggests that a net-White advantage in vocational education pathways parallels the net-Black advantage in four-year college attendance, and provides some support for the hypothesized labor market mechanism. The third empirical chapter, co-authored with Christian Michael Smith, examines how high school course enrollment policies and school officials' decision-making affect racial inequality in high school tracking on the path to college. Prior work in sociology has produced conflicting evidence on whether and to what extent school officials' decision-making contributes to these patterns. We advance this literature by examining the effects of schools' enrollment policies for Advanced Placement (AP) courses. Using a unique combination of school survey data and administrative data from Wisconsin, we examine what happens to racial inequality in AP participation when school officials enforce performance-based selection criteria, which we call "course gatekeeping." We find that course gatekeeping has racially disproportionate effects. Although racialized differences in prior achievement partially explain the especially large negative effects among students of color, course gatekeeping produces Black-white and Hispanic-white disparities in participation even among students with similar, relatively low prior achievement. We further find that course gatekeeping has longer-run effects, particularly discouraging Black and Asian or Pacific Islander students from attending highly selective four-year colleges.

Download or read book Understanding America written by Peter H Schuck and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2009-04-07 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is America? Is it a hegemonic superpower, composed of ruthlessly selfish capitalists? Or is it a land of hope and glory, a shelter for the huddled masses, and a beacon of freedom and enlightenment? The definition of this complex nation has been debated substantially, yet all seem to agree on one thing: it is unique. The idea of an exceptional America can be traced all the way back to Alexis de Tocqueville's nineteenth-century observations of a newly formed democracy that seemed determined to distinguish itself from the rest. Little, it seems, has changed. Building on de Tocqueville's concept of American exceptionalism, this collection of essays, contributed by some of the nation's top scholars and thinkers, takes on the weighty task of sizing up America in a way its people and others can comprehend. Far more than simple history, they outline the current state of American institutions and policies -- from the legal system to marriage to the military to the Drug War -- and anticipate where these are headed in the future.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics and Market of Higher Education written by Muhammad Irwan Ariffin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Higher Education written by Lois Miller (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation includes three essays on the economics of higher education. In the first chapter, I study the effects of college transfer. Over one-third of college students in the United States transfer between institutions, yet little is known about how transferring affect students' educational and labor market outcomes. Using administrative data from Texas and a regression discontinuity design, I study the effects of a student's transferring to a four-year college from either a two-year or four-year college. To do so, I use applications and admissions data to uncover the unpublished GPA cutoffs that each institution uses in its transfer student admissions and then use these cutoffs as an instrument for transfer. In contrast to past work focused on first-time-in-college students, I find negative earnings returns for academically marginal students who transfer from two-year colleges to four-year colleges or from less-resourced four-year colleges to flagship colleges. The mechanisms include transfer students' substituting out of high-paying majors into lower-paying majors, reduced employment and labor market experience, and potential loss of support networks. In the second chapter, joint with Minseon Park, I study how colleges' ``sticker price'' and institutional financial aid change during and after tuition caps and freezes using a modified event study design. While tuition regulations lower sticker prices, colleges recoup losses by lowering financial aid or rapidly increasing tuition after regulations end. At four-year colleges, regulations lower sticker price by 6.3 percentage points while simultaneously reducing aid by nearly twice as much (11.3 percentage points). At two-year colleges, while regulations lower tuition by 9.3 percentage points, the effect disappears within three years of the end of the regulation. Changes in net tuition vary widely; focusing on four-year colleges, while some students receive discounts up to 5.9 percentage points, others pay 3.8 percentage points more than they would have without these regulations. Students who receive financial aid, enter college right after the regulation is lifted, or attend colleges that are more dependent on tuition benefit less. In the third chapter, joint with Garrett Anstreicher, I study how the scarring effects of graduating from college into a recession vary with college quality. Graduating from college into a recession is associated with earnings losses, but less is known about how these effects vary across colleges. Using restricted-use data from the National Survey of College Graduates, we study how the effects of graduating into worse economic conditions vary over college quality in the context of the Great Recession. We find that earnings losses are concentrated among graduates from relatively high-quality colleges. Key mechanisms include substitution out of the labor force and into graduate school, decreased graduate degree completion, and differences in the economic stability of fields of study between graduates of high- and low-quality colleges.

Download or read book Reconstruction written by Eric Foner and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2011-12-13 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the "preeminent historian of Reconstruction" (New York Times Book Review), a newly updated edition of the prize-winning classic work on the post-Civil War period which shaped modern America, with a new introduction from the author. Eric Foner's "masterful treatment of one of the most complex periods of American history" (New Republic) redefined how the post-Civil War period was viewed. Reconstruction chronicles the way in which Americans—black and white—responded to the unprecedented changes unleashed by the war and the end of slavery. It addresses the ways in which the emancipated slaves' quest for economic autonomy and equal citizenship shaped the political agenda of Reconstruction; the remodeling of Southern society and the place of planters, merchants, and small farmers within it; the evolution of racial attitudes and patterns of race relations; and the emergence of a national state possessing vastly expanded authority and committed, for a time, to the principle of equal rights for all Americans. This "smart book of enormous strengths" (Boston Globe) remains the standard work on the wrenching post-Civil War period—an era whose legacy still reverberates in the United States today.

Download or read book Three Essays in the Economics of Higher Education written by AnaMaria Conley and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Education written by Naihobe Denisse Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nevertheless, our results present a cautionary tale of the short-term effects of a rapid and large expansion in access to university education.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Education written by Isaac McFarlin and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: