Download or read book The Emergence of Organizations and Markets written by John F. Padgett and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-14 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The social sciences have sophisticated models of choice and equilibrium but little understanding of the emergence of novelty. Where do new alternatives, new organizational forms, and new types of people come from? Combining biochemical insights about the origin of life with innovative and historically oriented social network analyses, John Padgett and Walter Powell develop a theory about the emergence of organizational, market, and biographical novelty from the coevolution of multiple social networks. In the short run, they argue, actors make relations, but in the long run, they argue, actors make actors. Organizational novelty arises from spillover across intertwined networks, which tips reproducing biographical and production flows. This theory is developed through formal deductive modeling and through a wide range of careful and original historical case studies, ranging from early capitalism and state formation, to the transformation of communism, to the emergence of contemporary biotechnology and Silicon Vally. -- from back cover.
Download or read book The Development of the Modern State written by Gianfranco Poggi and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1978 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The institutional features and the past and future role of the state should be a central concern of contemporary sociological and political theory, but until now they have been sadly neglected. Lately, in particular, the state's increasing involvement in the management of industrial and industrializing societies has made it even more important to understand its past development, its current activities, and the related trends in its structure and in its relation to the larger society. As a contribution to this task, Gianfranco Poggi reviews the main phases in the institutional history of the modern state. Restating a typology elaborated, among others by Max Weber, he outlines first the feudal system of rule, then the late-medieval Ständestaat and the absolutist state. Next the book discusses the nineteenth-century constitutional state, seen as the most accomplished embodiment of the modern, Western state. Finally, it points out the major developments which have occurred since the end of the last century in the relationship between the state and society, and identifies the threat these pose to the persistence of Western political values. Throughout, the discussion draws upon an impressive body of literature on the modern state (much of it not available in English) from the fields of history, law, and the social sciences.
Download or read book Dove Va la Storia Economica written by Francesco Ammannati and published by Firenze University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World written by and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2001-09-18 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of merchant documents is essential reading for any student of economic developments in the Middle Ages who wishes to go beyond the level of textbook summaries. Different aspects of economic life in the Mediterranean world are delineated in the light of a rich variety of articles and other contemporary writings, drawn from Muslim and Christian sources. From commercial contracts, promissory notes, and judicial acts to working manuals of practical geography and philology, this volume of documents provides an unparalleled portrait of the world of medieval commerce.
Download or read book Bulletino Senese Di Storia Patria written by and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 982 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Laws of Late Medieval Italy 1000 1500 written by Mario Ascheri and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2013-07-11 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Laws of Late Medieval Italy Mario Ascheri examines the features of the Italian legal world and explains why it should be regarded as a foundation for the future European continental system. The deep feuds among the Empire, the Churches unified by Roman papacy and the flourishing cities gave rise to very new legal ideas with the strong cooperation of the universities, beginning with that of Bologna. The teaching of Roman law and of the new papal laws, which quickly spread all over Europe, built up a professional group of lawyers and notaries which shaped the new, 'modern', public institutions, including efficient courts (like the Inquisition). Politically divided, Italy was partly unified by the legal system, so-called (Continental) common law (ius commune), which became a pattern for all of Europe onwards. Early modern Europe had for long time to work with it, and parts of it are still alive as a common cultural heritage behind a new European law system.
Download or read book The Making of the Modern Corporation written by Carlo Taviani and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the origins of a financial institution, the modern corporation, in Genoa and reconstructs its diffusion in England, the Netherlands, and France. At its inception, the Casa di San Giorgio (1407–1805) was entrusted with managing the public debt in Genoa. Over time, it took on powers we now ascribe to banks and states, accruing financial characteristics and fiscal, political, and territorial powers. As one of the earliest central banks, it ruled territories and local populations for almost a century. It controlled strategic Genoese possessions near and far, including the island of Corsica, the city of Famagusta (in Cyprus), and trading posts in Crimea, the Black Sea, the Lunigiana in northern Tuscany, and various towns in Liguria. In the early sixteenth century, in his Florentine Histories (Book VIII, Chapter 29), Niccolò Machiavelli was the first to analyze the relationship between the Casa di San Giorgio’s financial and territorial powers, declaring its possession of territories as the basis of its ascendancy. Later, the founders of some of the earliest corporations, including the Dutch East India Company (1602), the Bank of England (1694), and John Law’s Mississippi Company (1720) in France, referenced the model of the Casa di San Giorgio.
Download or read book Money and Banking in Medieval and Renaissance Venice written by Frederic Chapin Lane and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1985. Frederic C. Lane and Reinhold C. Mueller, in the first volume of Money and Banking in Medieval and Renaissance Venice, discuss Venice's economic achievement in terms of the complex system the city's inhabitants developed to manage moneys of account and coins. Money merchants of Venice developed a system whereby a premium attached to moneys of account acted as a stabilizing force and allowed merchants to engage in long-term trade. This system, according to the authors, helped establish Venice as a dominant city-state in international trade and exchange. This book outlines the development and success of this system through 1508. At the time it was first published, this book made a significant contribution to the history of money and economics by underscoring the large role that Venice played in the economic history of the West and the ascendance of capitalism as a structuring force of society.
Download or read book The Gubbio Studiolo and Its Conservation Italian Renaissance intarsia and the conservation of the Gubbio studiolo written by Olga Raggio and published by Metropolitan Museum of Art. This book was released on 1999 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Latins Greeks and Muslims Encounters in the Eastern Mediterranean 10th 15th Centuries written by David Jacoby and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade, shipping, military conquest, migration and settlement in the eastern Mediterranean of the 10th-15th centuries generated multiple encounters between states, social and 'national' groups, and individuals belonging to Latin Christianity, Byzantium and the Islamic world. The nature of these encounters varied widely, depending on whether they were the result of cooperation, rivalry or clashes between states, the outcome of Latin conquest, which altered the social and legal status of indigenous subjects, or the result of economic activity. They had wide-ranging social and economic repercussions, and shaped both individual and collective perceptions and attitudes. These often differed, depending upon 'nationality', standing within the dominant or subject social strata, or purely economic considerations. In any event, at the individual level common economic interests transcended collective 'national' and cultural boundaries, except in times of crisis. The studies in this latest collection by David Jacoby explore the multiple facets of these eastern Mediterranean encounters and their impact upon individual economic activities, with special attention to the 'other', outsiders in foreign environments, foreign privileged versus indigenous traders, the link between governmental intervention, 'naturalization', and fiscal status, as well as the interaction between markets and peasants.
Download or read book Journal of Economic and Business History written by and published by . This book was released on 1932 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Insurance written by Adrian Leonard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its invention in Italy in the fourteenth century, marine insurance has provided merchants with capital protection in times of crisis, thus oiling the gears of trade and commerce. With a focus on customs, laws, and organisational structures, this book reveals the Italian origins of marine insurance, and tracks the spread of underwriting practices and institutions in Europe and America through the early modern era. With contributions from eleven leading researchers from seven countries, the book examines key institutional developments in the history of marine insurance. The authors discuss its invention in Italy, and its evolution from private to corporate structures, assessing the causes and impacts of various state interventions. Amsterdam and Antwerp are analysed as one-time key centres of underwriting, as is the emergence and maturity of marine insurance in London. The book evaluates an experiment in corporate underwriting in Cadiz, and the development of insurance institutions in the United States, before applying the metrics of underwriting to discuss commerce raiding in the Atlantic up to the nineteenth century.
Download or read book The Familiarity of Strangers written by Francesca Trivellato and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking a new approach to the study of cross-cultural trade, this book blends archival research with historical narrative and economic analysis to understand how the Sephardic Jews of Livorno, Tuscany, traded in regions near and far in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Francesca Trivellato tests assumptions about ethnic and religious trading diasporas and networks of exchange and trust. Her extensive research in international archives--including a vast cache of merchants' letters written between 1704 and 1746--reveals a more nuanced view of the business relations between Jews and non-Jews across the Mediterranean, Atlantic Europe, and the Indian Ocean than ever before. The book argues that cross-cultural trade was predicated on and generated familiarity among strangers, but could coexist easily with religious prejudice. It analyzes instances in which business cooperation among coreligionists and between strangers relied on language, customary norms, and social networks more than the progressive rise of state and legal institutions.
Download or read book Atti del Congresso internazionale di scienze storiche Roma 1 9 aprile 1903 written by and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recueil Des Cours Collected Courses written by Academie De Droit International De La Haye and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2000-11-01 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Academy is an institution for the study and teaching of public and private international law and related subjects. Its purpose is to encourage a thorough and impartial examination of the problems arising from international relations in the field of law. The courses deal with the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject, including legislation and case law. All courses at the Academy are, in principle, published in the language in which they were delivered in the Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law. This volume contains: - Le droit international privé du nouveau millénaire: La protection de la personne humaine face à la globalisation (conférence), par E. JAYME, professeur à l'Institut de droit international et privé étranger et de droit international privé et commercial, Heidelberg; - De conflictu legum. Perspectives on Private International Law at the Turn of the Century. General Course on Private International Law by D. McCLEAN, Professor at the University of Sheffield; - The Third Industrial Resolution: Law and Policy for the Internet by B.L. SMITH, General Counsel, Worldwide Sales Support, Microsoft Corporation.
Download or read book The Holy Portolano Le Portulan sacr written by Michele Bacci and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2014-12-11 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trotz der zahlreichen Publikationen, die in den letzten Jahren der Erforschung der mittelalterlichen Seewege im Mittelmeer, des ökonomischen und kulturellen Austausches und des Phänomen der Pilgerfahrt gewidmet waren, bleibt das Thema der spezifischen Andachtsformen, die mit der Seefahrt verbunden waren und zur Herstellung von privilegierten Heiligtümern für die Seefahrer führten, noch ein Desideratum. Wie viele bis jetzt zu wenig beachtete Urkunden bestätigen, bildete sich im Spätmittelalter ein transmediterranes Netzwerk von Heiligen Orten, die insbesondere von Seefahrern besucht wurden und deren Verehrungswürdigkeit mit ihrer Lage am symbolischen Treffpunkt zwischen den Dimensionen Wasser, Erde und Himmel direkt zusammenhing. Die in diesem Band versammelten und von Spezialisten verschiedener Disziplinen aus zahlreichen Ländern (Frankreich, Italien, Griechenland, Israel, Libanon, Polen, Spanien, Malta) verfassten Aufsätze zielen darauf, die Hauptorte dieser neuen Sakralgeographie zu beschreiben und die Geschichte ihres Kultes aus historischer, religions- und kunstgeschichtlicher Sicht zu rekonstruieren.
Download or read book Dynamics of Morphological Productivity written by Francesco Gardani and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Dynamics of Morphological Productivity, Francesco Gardani explores the evolution of the productivity of the noun inflectional classes of Latin and Old Italian, covering a span of almost 2,000 years – an absolute novelty for the theory of diachrony and for Latin and Italo-Romance linguistics. By providing an original set of criteria for measuring productivity, based on the investigation of loanword integration, conversions, and class shift, Gardani provides a substantial contribution to the theory of inflection, as well as to the study of the morphological integration of loanwords. The result is a wealth of empirical facts, including data from the contact languages Etruscan, Ancient Greek, Germanic, Arabic, Byzantine Greek, Old French and Provençal, accompanied by brilliant and groundbreaking analyses.
