Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.

Download or read book Sociology and Social Justice written by Margaret Abraham and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Superbly conceptualises and contextualises social justice in and for our global age. The stellar cast of sociologists connect concepts to practices and outline the challenges we face, as well as providing necessary responses." Gurminder K Bhambra, Professor of Postcolonial and Decolonial Studies, University of Sussex" A collection of brilliant essays by international scholar-activists, examining concepts and practices from diverse contexts." Mary Romero, Professor of Justice Studies and Social Inquiry, Arizona State University "An excellent set of chapters bringing to the fore new perspectives on the social injustices and inequalities facing a world in crisis." Kammila Naidoo, Professor of Sociology, University of Johannesburg By using contextual global sociology, Sociology and Social Justice explores: Historic and contemporary sites and contexts around the world Sociological insights on topics ranging from social movements, to cyber space. International struggles, processes, and outcomes Written by distinguished international scholars, this is an essential text for those looking at issues of: Human Rights, Public Sociology, Democratization, Gender, and Globalization.

Download or read book The Extent of Poverty in Latin America written by Oscar Altimir and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work originated in a research project for the measurement and analysis of income distribution in the Latin American countries, undertaken jointly by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the World Bank. The present paper presents estimates of the extent of absolute poverty for ten Latin American countries and for the region as a whole in the 1970s, on the basis of available household surveys and population censuses. They are based on country-specific poverty lines representing minimum acceptable levels of private consumption, drawn according to a food-based method. Such poverty lines - ranging from 150 to 250 dollars of annual household consumption per capita - express a normative definition of the absolute dimensions of poverty, partly based on expert appraisals and partly reflecting the actual behavior of low income households facing the life style projected by Latin American development. According to these estimates, 40 percent of Latin American households were poor at the beginning of the 1970s, the incidence of poverty being 26 percent in urban areas and 60 percent in rural areas. Urban poverty extended to more than one-third of urban households in some countries (Brazil, Colombia, Honduras) while affecting between 20 and 30 percent in others (Peru, Mexico, Venezuela), about 15 percent in Costa Rica and Chile and less than 10 percent in Argentina and Uruguay. The extent of poverty in rural areas would not be less than 20 percent in any case and would reach more than 60 percent in some countries. The corresponding poverty gaps were also estimated; in terms of total household income, they may represent manageable proportions (around 2-3 percent) in the better-off countries, but are in the 4-8 percent range in the bigger countries of the region and reach as much as 12 percent in Peru and 17 percent in Honduras.

Download or read book Geothermal Resources written by R. Bowen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Arab oil embargo of 1974, it has been clear that the days of almost limitless quantities of low-cost energy have passed. In addition, ever worsening pollution due to fossil fuel consumption, for instance oil and chemical spills, strip mining, sulphur emission and accumulation of solid wastes, has, among other things, led to an increase of as much as 10% in the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere in this century. This has induced a warming trend through the 'greenhouse effect' which prevents infrared radiation from leaving it. Many people think the average planetary temperatures may rise by 4°C or so by 2050. This is probably true since Antarctic ice cores evidence indicates that, over the last 160000 years, ice ages coincided with reduced levels of carbon dioxide and warmer interglacial episodes with increased levels of the gas in the atmosphere. Consequently, such an elevation of temperature over such a relatively short span of time would have catastrophic results in terms of rising sea level and associated flooding of vast tracts of low-lying lands. Reducing the burning of fossil fuels makes sense on both economic and environmental grounds. One of the most attractive alternatives is geothermal resources, especially in developing countries, for instance in El Salvador where geothermal energy provides about a fifth of total installed electrical power already. In fact, by the middle 1980s, at least 121 geothermal power plants were operating worldwide, most being of the dry steam type.

Download or read book The Bureau of Mines written by United States. Bureau of Mines and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book On the Macroeconomic Consequences of Over Optimism written by Paul Beaudry and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is over-optimism about a country's future growth perspective good for an economy, or does over-optimism also come with costs? In this paper we provide evidence that recessions, fiscal problems, as well as Balance of Payment-difficulties are more likely to arise in countries where past growth expectations have been overly optimistic. To examine this question, we look at the medium-run effects of instances of over-optimism or caution in IMF forecasts. To isolate the causal effect of over-optimism we take an instrumental variables approach, where we exploit variation provided by the allocation of IMF Mission Chiefs across countries. As a necessary first step, we document that IMF Mission Chiefs tend to systematically differ in their individual degrees of forecast-optimism or caution. The mechanism that transforms over-optimism into a later recession seems to run through higher debt accumulation, both public and private. Our findings illustrate the potency of unjustified optimism and underline the importance of basing economic forecasts upon realistic medium-term prospects.

Download or read book Global Burden of Armed Violence 2015 written by Geneva Declaration Secretariat and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-16 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2015 edition of the Global Burden of Armed Violence provides a wealth of data relevant to security and the post-2015 sustainable development framework. It estimates that 508,000 people died violently - in both conflict and non-conflict settings - every year in 2007–12, down from 526,000 in 2004–09. This trend is visible in non-conflict settings, where the proportion of women and girls is also slightly reduced, from 17 to 16 per cent. Yet, the number of direct conflict deaths is on the rise: from 55,000 to 70,000 per year over the same periods. Firearms are used in close to half of all homicides committed and in almost one-third of direct conflict deaths. Nearly USD 2 trillion in global homicide-related economic losses could have been saved if the homicide rate in 2000–10 had been reduced to the lowest practically attainable levels - between 2 and 3 deaths per 100,000 population.

Download or read book International Handbook of Urban Systems written by H. S. Geyer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An edited group of 21 papers on urban change; in addition, the author contributed the four initial chapters on theoretical methods. The remaining papers consider factors of urban change, mostly for the latter part of the 20th century, for countries in Europe, the Americas, South Africa, and Asia. Themes include migration, population change, and the impact of political change. The international group of contributors is made up of academics in geography, urban and regional planning, and demography.

Download or read book Fragments for a History of the Human Body written by Michel Feher and published by Zone Books. This book was released on 1989 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The first approach can be called vertical since what is explored here is the human body's relationship to the divine, to the bestial and to the machines that imitate or simulate it. The second approach covers the various junctures between the body's "outside" and "inside": it can therefore be called a "psychosomatic" approach, studying the manifestation - or production - of soul and the expression of emotions through the body's attitudes, and, on another level, the speculations inspired by cenesthesia, pain and death. Finally, the third approach ... brings into play the classical opposition between organ and function by showing how a certain organ or bodily substance can be used to justify or challenge the way human society functions ..." - foreword Part 3.

Download or read book Mexico the Remaking of an Economy written by Nora Lustig and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today Mexico is viewed as a success story in the management of economic adjustment and structural reform. Inflation is under control, capital and foreign investment are returning and output growth has increased. Mexico's recovery, however, has been neither smooth nor rapid.

Download or read book Confronting Development written by Kevin J. Middlebrook and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1980s, Mexico has alternately served as a model of structural economic reform and as a cautionary example of the limitations associated with market-led development. This book provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary assessment of the principal economic and social policies adopted by Mexico during the 1980s and 1990s.

Download or read book Recovering from the Crisis written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents 27 examples of effective and innovative labour market measures that have been implemented or modified by European Member States in response to the economic crisis. They range from short-time work - with varying degrees of flexibility and different subsidies - to suspending contracts and on the job training, sometimes co-financed by the European Social Fund.

Download or read book China and Latin America and the Caribbean written by Osvaldo Rosales and published by UN. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economies of China and of the Latin America and the Caribbean region are the current global growth poles and, over the coming years, will grow twice or three times as quickly as the industrialised economies, which will have to adjust to slower growth and higher unemployment. The present juncture offers an opportunity to rethink global and regional partnership strategies and to put greater emphasis on South-South ties in trade, foreign direct investment FDI) and cooperation. In this document, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) posits that China and the Latin America and the Caribbean region now enjoy a sufficiently mature relationship and are poised to make a qualitative leap towards a mutually beneficial strategic alliance.

Download or read book Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy written by Matthew J. Kotchen and published by University of Chicago Press Journals. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents six new papers on environmental and energy economics and related policy issues. Robert Pindyck provides a systematic overview of what is known, and remains unknown, about climate change, along with the implications of uncertainty for climate policy. Shaikh Eskander, Sam Fankhauser, and Joana Setzer offer insights from a comprehensive data set on climate change legislation and litigation across all countries of the world over the past thirty years. Adele Morris, Noah Kaufman, and Siddhi Doshi shine a light on how expected trends in the coal industry will create significant challenges for the local public finance of coal-reliant communities. Joseph Aldy and his collaborators analyze the treatment of co-benefits in benefit-cost analyses of federal clean air regulations. Tatyana Deryugina and her co-authors report on the geographic and socioeconomic heterogeneity in the benefits of reducing particulate matter air pollution. Finally, Oliver Browne, Ludovica Gazze, and Michael Greenstone use detailed data on residential water consumption to evaluate the relative impacts of conservation policies based on prices, restrictions, and public persuasion.

Download or read book Revisiting Keynes written by Lorenzo Pecchi and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 2008 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading economists revisit a provocative essay by John Maynard Keynes, debating Keynes's vision of growth, inequality, work, leisure, entrepreneurship, consumerism, and the search for happiness in the twenty-first century.