Download or read book Ultrasonic Relaxation in Electrolytic Solutions I a Review written by JOHN. STUEHR and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The available relaxation data for electrolytes is reviewed and critically evaluated. Ultrasonic relaxation theory is reviewed with particular reference to solutions of electrolytes. Specific processes include the relaxation of the ionic atmosphere surrounding ions in solution, and unimolecular and dissociation reactions. The theoretical treatment of the multiple relaxation effects associated with consecutive equilibria is reviewed. Eigen (1958-61) has shown that the observed acoustic absorption data in divalent sulfates can be explained on the basis of the step-wise loss of hydration water from between the partners of cation-anion ion pairs. This mechanism is used to examine critically the ultrasonic absorption data in solutions of divalent sulfates, thiosulfates, and chromates. A number of proton-transfer reactions (e.g. hydrolysis or acid-base dissociation) have been studied by several relaxational techniques. Rate constants for reactions between ions in aqueous solution approach the theoretical limiting values anticipated for primarily diffusion-controlled processes. Representative values are collected and discussed in relation to the mechanisms responsible for the relaxation effects. A brief survey of experimental methods for measuring ultrasonic absorption is given in an appendix. (Author).
Download or read book Ultrasonic Absorption in Electrolytic Solutions written by Leroy George Jackopin and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The kinetics of fast reactions in solution have been studied by means of ultrasonic relaxation techniques. The rate constants for a simple ionization-association process (acetic acid) were determined from ultrasonic absorption measurements and found to compare favorably with those evaluated by other methods (Wren effect II, electrochemical). Ultrasonic relaxation has been re-examined in a 2-2 electrolyte (MnSO4) in order to resolve discrepancies in published data. The new results are in good agreement and complement data recently published by the ultrasonic groups at Gottingen and Heidelberg. A non-linear regression technique developed as part of the present research, has been used to analyze these data. Two relaxation frequencies are adequate to describe these data if the non-relaxing absorption component is treated as an adjustable parameter (in contrast to the three or four relaxation frequencies reported earlier by other groups). Ultrasonic relaxation has also been studied in CdI2 solutions and compared with NMR data. (Author).
Download or read book Effect of Pressure on Ultrasonic Relaxation in Electrolytes written by Edmund H. Carnevale and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ultrasonic Relaxation in Electrolytic Solutions Ii the Hydrolysis of Potassium Cyanide written by JOHN. STUEHR and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The kinetics of the hydrolysis of the cyanide ion have been studied by ultrasonic absorption measurements over the frequency range 30 kc to 25 mc. A single relaxation frequency has been observed which depends on concentration in the manner expected theoretically for the hydrolysis reaction. The relaxation frequency at 25 C is 450 kc for a 0.01 M solution and 950 kc for 0.05 M. The corresponding forward and reverse rate constants calculated for the reaction (CN ion + H2O equals HCN + OH ion) are K sub 1 equals 5.2 x 10 to the 4th power per sec and K sub minus 1 equals 3.7 x 10 to the 9th power at 25 C. From the magnitude of the maximum excess acoustic absorption per wavelength (90 x 10 to the minus 6th power at 25 C for the 0.05 M solution) the partial molal volume change delta V for the process was calculated as -12.4 cu cm/mol. The temperature dependence of the relaxation frequency indicates an energy of activation for the process HCN + OH ion yields CN ion + H2O of 6! 2 Kcal/mol. (Author).
Download or read book Ultrasonic Relaxation in Electrolytic Solutions written by Western Reserve University. Department of Chemistry. Ultrasonics Research Laboratory and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of Relaxation in Electrolytic Solutions Using Ultrasonic and Laser Light Scattering Techniques written by Klaus Fritsch and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ULTRASONIC STUDIES OF ELECTROLYTES written by Ernest Yeager and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Important developments which have occurred in the application of ultrasonic techniques to the study of the structure and dynamic properties of electrolytic solutions during recent years are discussed with principal emphasis on ultrasonic relaxation and electrical effects attending the propagation of sound waves through such solutions. Sufficient understanding of the various relaxation processes in electrolytic solutions now has been attained that the relaxation frequencies and excess relaxation absorption can often be predicted in advance of ultrasonic measurements from other data. In contrast measurements of the electrical effects, particularly ionic vibration potentials, are still rather uncertain because of the possible superposition of several acoustical effects, and measurements of really quantitative significance are only now becoming available for the most part. (Author).
Download or read book Effect of Pressure on Ultrasonic Relaxation in Electrolytes A Dissertation Etc written by Edmund H. CARNEVALE and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ultrasonic Relaxation of Electrolytes in Hydrogen Bonded Solvents written by Terrence Michael Noveske and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Chemistry of Electrolyte Solutions written by Josef Barthel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-04 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim and purpose of this book is a survey of our actual basic knowledge of electrolyte solutions. It is meant for chemical engineers looking for an introduction to this field of increasing interest for various technologies, and for scientists wishing to have access to the broad field of modern electrolyte chemistry.
Download or read book An Introduction to Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions written by Margaret Robson Wright and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-06-05 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions is a comprehensive coverage of the subject including the development of key concepts and theory that focus on the physical rather than the mathematical aspects. Important links are made between the study of electrolyte solutions and other branches of chemistry, biology, and biochemistry, making it a useful cross-reference tool for students studying this important area of electrochemistry. Carefully developed throughout, each chapter includes intended learning outcomes and worked problems and examples to encourage student understanding of this multidisciplinary subject. * a comprehensive introduction to aqueous electrolyte solutions including the development of key concepts and theories * emphasises the connection between observable macroscopic experimental properties and interpretations made at the molecular level * key developments in concepts and theory explained in a descriptive manner to encourage student understanding * includes worked problems and examples throughout An invaluable text for students taking courses in chemistry and chemical engineering, this book will also be useful for biology, biochemistry and biophysics students required to study electrochemistry.
Download or read book Oscillations Waves and Interactions written by Thomas Kurz and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2007 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Dynamics of Solutions written by H. Ohtaki and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in the study of structural and dynamic properties of solutions have provided a molecular picture of solute-solvent interactions. Although the study of thermodynamic as well as electronic properties of solutions have played a role in the development of research on the rate and mechanism of chemical reactions, such macroscopic and microscopic properties are insufficient for a deeper understanding of fast chemical and biological reactions. In order to fill the gap between the two extremes, it is necessary to know how molecules are arranged in solution and how they change their positions in both the short and long range. This book has been designed to meet these criteria. It is possible to develop a sound microscopic picture for reaction dynamics in solution without molecular-level knowledge of how reacting ionic or neutral species are solvated and how rapidly the molecular environment is changing with time. A variety of actual examples is given as to how and when modern molecular approaches can be used to solve specific solution problems. The following tools are discussed: x-ray and neutron diffraction, EXAFS, and XANES, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo computer simulations, Raman, infrared, NMR, fluorescence, and photoelectron emission spectroscopic methods, conductance and viscosity measurements, high pressure techniques, and statistical mechanics methods. Static and dynamic properties of ionic solvation, molecular solvation, ion-pair formation, ligand exchange reactions, and typical organic solvents are useful for bridging the gap between classical thermodynamic studies and modern single-molecule studies in the gas phase. The book will be of interest to solution, physical, inorganic, analytical and structural chemists as well as to chemical kineticists.
Download or read book Ultrasonics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1981-09-02 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrasonics
Download or read book Properties of Gases Liquids and Solutions written by Warren P. Mason and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Acoustics: Principles and Methods, Volume ll—Part A: Properties of Gases, Liquids, and Solutions ponders on high frequency sound waves in gases, liquids, and solids that have been proven as effective tools in examining the molecular, domain wall, and other types of motions. The selection first offers information on the transmission of sound waves in gases at very low pressures and the phenomenological theory of the relaxation phenomena in gases. Topics include free molecule propagation, phenomenological thermodynamics of irreversible processes, and simultaneous multiple relaxation processes. The book then takes a look at relaxation processes in gases, as well as excitation relaxation, molecular theory of relaxation times, and relaxation of a dissociation equilibrium. The manuscript surveys thermal, structural, and shear relaxation in liquids. Discussions focus on the basic theory for a single chemical reaction, structural viscosity, and cooperative effects on mechanical and dielectric processes. The book also underscores the propagation of ultrasonic waves in electrolytic solutions, including ultrasonic velocity and relaxation processes in electrolytic solutions. The selection is highly recommended for readers interested in physical acoustics.
Download or read book Polyelectrolytes written by E. Sélégny and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a number of articles inspired by the NATO Advanced Study Institute on 'Charged and Reactive Polymers l' held in France in June 1972. This general title indicates simply the intention of a series. The meeting dealt mainly with the fundamental problems of the physical chemistry of polyelectrolytes in solution. Some of the articles reproduce the lectures exactly as they were delivered. Some others have been modified to a greater or lesser extent, and this as a result of improvements or new inspiration arising from comments and discussions. In previous larger conferences on macromolecules, polyelectrolytes constituted only a marginal problem and few were the individual communications or short was the time al10tted to this subject. In other meetings of a biophysical character the uses of the techniques of charged macromolecules have been exposed with less attention given to the theories or to the creation or interpretation of these techniques. AU of us felt that the time had come to enumerate and to evaluate this increasing science of polyelectrolytes which has become of major interest. During the whole period of the Institute physical chemists discussed their mutual problems for more than a week, and of ten far into the night! One of the advantages of such an Institute is to enable the Directors and the mem bers of the Scientific Committee to establish a logical order in the lectures; this order has been respected in the present edition.
Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by Defense Documentation Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
