Download or read book Ultra wide Tuning Range Signal Generation in CMOS for Millimeter Wave Rotational Spectroscopy written by Jing Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromagnetic waves in the millimeter and submillimeter wave frequency range are being utilized in fast-scan rotational spectroscopy for detection and identification of gas molecules. This technique can be used for monitoring indoor air quality, gas leaks, human breath, and others for a wide variety of safety, security and medical applications. Advances of the high frequency capability of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) have made it an affordable means for implementing the electronics for these spectroscopy systems. A signal generation circuit operating at ~100 GHz and higher with an ultra-wide frequency tuning range (~50%) is a key component for the systems. This research focuses on developing key techniques for ultra-wide tuning millimeter wave signal generation in CMOS. First, the applicability of using NMOS switched variable inductors in millimeter wave frequencies for wide frequency tuning is demonstrated via design of an LC voltage-controlled oscillator (LC VCO) incorporating NMOS switched variable inductors and tunable output buffers. The prototype fabricated in a TI 65-nm bulk CMOS process demonstrated a wide frequency tuning of 21.5 to 33.4 GHz without a frequency tuning gap. The phase noise at 10-MHz offset of VCO varies from -117 to -109 dBc/Hz. The oscillator core consumes 4 or 6 mA from a 1.2-V power supply. These represent a record 43.3% tuning range with FOMT ranging from -191.7 to -181.9 dBc/Hz. With tunable output buffers, the measured signal output power is above -15 dBm across the entire frequency range. Second, a passive quadrature coupling and broadband harmonic combining network is demonstrated. This network has 3-dB lower theoretical fundamental-to-4th order harmonic conversion loss than that of the linear superposition technique, with no extra DC power consumption, lower phase noise, while bypassing the need for a broadband on-chip bias-tee. A quadrature LC VCO incorporating this novel passive coupling and broadband harmonic combining for frequency multiplication by 4 is fabricated to generate signals over a wide frequency range above 90 GHz. The prototype fabricated in TI 65-nm bulk CMOS demonstrated a continuous frequency tuning from 85 to 127 GHz. This ~40% frequency tuning range is at least 4X higher than the other CMOS implementations with center frequency over 90 GHz. At power consumption of 30~45 mW from a 1.5-V power supply, the measured output power varies from -15 to -23 dBm and phase noise at 10-MHz offset varies from -108 to -102 dBc/Hz over the output frequency range. These are sufficient for use in millimeter wave rotational spectroscopy. This work paves the way for implementing a single-chip CMOS transmitter for rotational spectroscopy at 180-300 GHz.

Download or read book Pushing CMOS Limits for Broadband Signal Generation at Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Frequencies written by Muhammad Adnan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications at frequencies ranging from sub-millimeter wave to THz (100GHz to 1THz) are gaining a lot of attention. High frequencies can be employed for submillimeter wave astronomy in the field of heterodyne spectroscopy, sensing and imaging for security and detection of concealed weapons and explosives. Because of the lower fmax of solid state active devices, scaling of low frequency electronics to high frequencies is very challenging. At the same time, it is very difficult to make efficient semiconductor lasers of wavelength lower than 30[MICRO SIGN]m. Because of the dearth of high power and tunable sources at these frequencies, this part of spectrum is usually called "THz gap". Over the past few years, tremendous effort has been made towards solid-state THz sources. The world is looking for CMOS solutions to this problem because of the low cost of fabrication and ease of integration. The challenge in CMOS is low quality factor of passives, lossy substrate and limited fmax of the transistors which is still under 300GHz. To overcome these challenges two kinds of signal generation techniques at high frequencies are employed. 1) Frequency multiplication. 2) Collecting higher order harmonics from the fundamental VCO. Owing to these two signal generation technique, my research has been focused on both frequency multipliers and oscillators. In recent literature, few high frequency oscillators works are reported. However the major challenge has been to achieve high power and high tunability both at the same time with decent DC-RF efficiency. Since higher harmonic power is strongly dependent on the fundamental power, I have decomposed this problem in to two parts. 1) Coming up with a VCO topology that is capable of providing high tunability along with high power and DC-RF efficiency at fundamental frequency. 2) Efficiently extracting harmonics from the VCO without affecting operation at fundamental frequency. First two chapters discusses our work on these two parts. In chapter 1, a loop of unidirectionally coupled oscillators to demonstrate high tuning range and output power is proposed. To achieve large tuning range, two different tuning mechanisms are simultaneously exploited. First each core oscillator is tuned using a variable capacitor. Next, by controlling the phase/delay between the coupled oscillators, the entire loop dynamics and hence its frequency is tuned. In this work, we analyze a loop of "n" coupled oscillators using Adler's equation and derive the expression for the maximum tuning range. Perturbation analysis is used to study the stability conditions of the loop of coupled system. Activity condition from two port theory is also employed to squeeze maximum power out of active devices. The proposed system is designed and implemented using four coupled Colpitts VCOs in a 65nm bulk CMOS process. The VCO achieves continuous tuning range of 9.5% at the center frequency of 105GHz with the peak output power of 2.8mW. The circuit consumes 54mW from a 1.2V supply. To the best of our knowledge, this VCO has the highest output power and tuning range among all the CMOS oscillators at or above 100GHz. In chapter 2, we employ a loop of unidirectionally coupled harmonic oscillators. To accomplish large tunability, tuning via variable capacitance and via variable coupling delay between oscillators are simultaneously exploited. A large fundamental power to produce high second harmonic is generated using activity condition of the transistors derived through two port theory. All the undesired leakage of second harmonic current is blocked thus extracting maximum power at the output. A passive coupling between VCOs is employed to enhance DC-RF efficiency. Each oscillator is realized with modified self-feeding Colpitts architecture. To demonstrate our methodology, a two stage and an eight stage second harmonic VCOs are designed and fabricated in a 65nm bulk CMOS process. The 2-stage and 8-stage VCO achieves maximum power of -2.1dBm and 3.7dBm with DC-RF efficiency of 0.9% and 0.8%. Both VCO achieve tuning range of 8.6% at 260GHz. The two stage and eight stage VCO consume 198mA and 49mA from a 1.2V DC supply. To the best of our knowledge, these VCOs have the highest output power, tuning range and DC-RF efficiency among all the CMOS oscillators at or above 0.25THz. Chapter 3 and 4 deal with the frequency multipliers. Our research on frequency multipliers is focused on passive nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) based structures. In chapter 3, we develop a methodology of phase matching using bandgap transmission lines between the fundamental input and higher harmonics . We demonstrate the proposed methodology using a board level prototype that produces second harmonic with conversion loss of 5.5dB. Chapter 4 extends the concept proposed in chapter 3 for implementation in CMOS. Two methodologies are developed to go beyond the limitations of multipliers: i) we used bandgap structure to resolve dispersion which is inherently present in any discrete wave propagating structure. ii) in order to enhance conversion loss performance and relax input power requirement, we employ a resonator approach in combination with active loading. We build two prototypes: a 20GHz frequency doubler is implemented in a 65nm process as a proof of concept, second to show the feasibility of our approach near fmax, a 100GHz frequency tripler is implemented in a 130nm process. The achieved conversion loss is 3.5dB for doubler and 12.2dB in case of tripler. Both structures take single ended input and generate differential output. The frequency tripler can generate maximum power better than -1.5dBm. The relative bandwidth of doubler and tripler is about 23% and 12.3%. The frequency tripler outperforms any previously reported work in terms of output power and 3dB bandwidth at the same technology node.

Download or read book Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and Systems written by Apostolos Georgiadis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-17 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and Systems: Emerging Design, Technologies and Applications provides a wide spectrum of current trends in the design of microwave and millimeter circuits and systems. In addition, the book identifies the state-of-the art challenges in microwave and millimeter wave circuits systems design such as behavioral modeling of circuit components, software radio and digitally enhanced front-ends, new and promising technologies such as substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) and wearable electronic systems, and emerging applications such as tracking of moving targets using ultra-wideband radar, and new generation satellite navigation systems. Each chapter treats a selected problem and challenge within the field of Microwave and Millimeter wave circuits, and contains case studies and examples where appropriate. Key Features: Discusses modeling and design strategies for new appealing applications in the domain of microwave and millimeter wave circuits and systems Written by experts active in the Microwave and Millimeter Wave frequency range (industry and academia) Addresses modeling/design/applications both from the circuit as from the system perspective Covers the latest innovations in the respective fields Each chapter treats a selected problem and challenge within the field of Microwave and Millimeter wave circuits, and contains case studies and examples where appropriate This book serves as an excellent reference for engineers, researchers, research project managers and engineers working in R&D, professors, and post-graduates studying related courses. It will also be of interest to professionals working in product development and PhD students.

Download or read book Millimeter Wave Digitally Intensive Frequency Generation in CMOS written by Wanghua Wu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-23 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the digitally intensive time-domain architectures and techniques applied to millimeter-wave frequency synthesis, with the objective of improving performance and reducing the cost of implementation. Coverage includes system architecture, system level modeling, critical building block design, and digital calibration techniques, making it highly suitable for those who want to learn about mm-wave frequency generation for communication and radar applications, integrated circuit implementation, and time-domain circuit and system techniques. Highlights the challenges of frequency synthesis at mm-wave band using CMOS technology Compares the various approaches for mm-wave frequency generation (pros and cons) Introduces the digitally intensive synthesizer approach and its advantages Discusses the proper partitioning of the digitally intensive mm-wave frequency synthesizer into mm-wave, RF, analog, digital and software components Provides detailed design techniques from system level to circuit level Addresses system modeling, simulation techniques, design-for-test, and layout issues Demonstrates the use of time-domain techniques for high-performance mm-wave frequency synthesis

Download or read book Application of Dual Mode Wide Band CMOS Oscillators written by Abdolhossein Ayoubi and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Broadband voltage-controlled oscillators are critical to the design of millimeter wave frequency synthesizers. This book proposes a design technique that can be used to significantly extend the achievable frequency span of an oscillator. A dual-band oscillator topology is described that can be configured to operate in one of two modes, by an electrical reconfiguration of the negative resistance core around the resonant tank, without switching passive elements within the tank itself. The configuration helps to minimize the difference in phase noise performance between the two modes, while achieving a wide tuning range. This book includes five chapters and through these chapters the necessary information for designing millimeter wave frequency synthesizers are provided for the readers.

Download or read book Wireless Technologies written by Krzysztof Iniewski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced concepts for wireless technologies present a vision of technology that is embedded in our surroundings and practically invisible. From established radio techniques like GSM, 802.11 or Bluetooth to more emerging technologies, such as Ultra Wide Band and smart dust motes, a common denominator for future progress is the underlying integrated circuit technology. Wireless Technologies responds to the explosive growth of standard cellular radios and radically different wireless applications by presenting new architectural and circuit solutions engineers can use to solve modern design problems. This reference addresses state-of-the art CMOS design in the context of emerging wireless applications, including 3G/4G cellular telephony, wireless sensor networks, and wireless medical application. Written by top international experts specializing in both the IC industry and academia, this carefully edited work uncovers new design opportunities in body area networks, medical implants, satellite communications, automobile radar detection, and wearable electronics. The book is divided into three sections: wireless system perspectives, chip architecture and implementation issues, and devices and technologies used to fabricate wireless integrated circuits. Contributors address key issues in the development of future silicon-based systems, such as scale of integration, ultra-low power dissipation, and the integration of heterogeneous circuit design style and processes onto one substrate. Wireless sensor network systems are now being applied in critical applications in commerce, healthcare, and security. This reference, which contains 25 practical and scientifically rigorous articles, provides the knowledge communications engineers need to design innovative methodologies at the circuit and system level.

Download or read book Millimeter wave Harmonic Oscillator Design for Wide Tuning Range and High Power written by Rouzbeh Kananizadeh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with ultra wide tuning range is presented in the second chapter. This VCO incorporates a system of coupled oscillators with two Active Mode Switching (AMS) blocks. The AMS blocks excite the main VCO’s to operate in two distinct frequency bands. An overlap between the two frequency bands has extended the tuning range of the VCO. By turning the AMS blocks off, low-loss and low-capacitance behavior of these blocks result in wide tuning range and high harmonic output power at high millimeter-wave (mmwave) frequencies. On the other hand, by turning the AMS blocks on, their loss-cancelling and capacitance-tuning behavior yield to higher power and wider tuning range with a lower center frequency. By having sufficient frequency overlap between the two modes, the implementedV CO achieves record tuning range of 20.7% at 190.5 GHz with maximum output power of -2.1dBm. This tuning range is significantly higher than other reported silicon-based VCO’s with center frequencies higher than 120 GHz. The second chapter also includes a thorough study on Colpitts oscillators and their capability for wide tuning range. Third chapter studies nonlinear behavior of transistors to boost the output power of harmonic oscillators. Based on time-variant behavior of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOS-FETs) in large-signal operations, harmonic translations and their mutual effects are analyzed. Large amplitudes at terminal voltages of these transistors, push them into different regions of operation. In this chapter, harmonic translations are derived as a result of such changes in operation region of transistors. Operation in triode region for a portion of oscillation cycle results in iterative harmonic translations between fundamental frequency and second harmonic. They boost each other constructively for significantly stronger oscillation, more second harmonic output power and enhanced dc-to-RF efficiency. Based on these analysis, a 215 GHz signal source, implemented in a TSMC 65 nm CMOS LP is presented. The proposed oscillator achieves maximum output power of 5.6 dBm and dc-to-RF efficiency of 4.6%. The measured phase noiseis -94.6 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The proposed oscillator occupies only 0.08 mm2 of chip area. Using the concept of harmonic translations in nonlinear circuits, the fourth chapter analyzes the fundamental limits for maximum second harmonic power generation for any given transistor. Moreover, optimum waveforms at gate-source and drain-source terminals which yield to this maximum limit in CMOS transistors are derived. Two oscillators are implemented in a TSMC 65nm CMOS GP process. Transistors in these oscillators have optimum voltage waveforms at their terminals. Thus, they deliver state-of-the-art second harmonic output power, while operating at relatively higher frequencies than related arts. One of the proposed oscillators has maximum output power of 4.9 dBm and peak dc-to-RF efficiency of 3% at 300 GHz. The implemented oscillators occupy 0.16 mm2 of chip area.

Download or read book Electrical Electronics Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Frequency Integrated Circuits written by Sorin Voinigescu and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-28 with total page 921 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A transistor-level, design-intensive overview of high speed and high frequency monolithic integrated circuits for wireless and broadband systems from 2 GHz to 200 GHz, this comprehensive text covers high-speed, RF, mm-wave, and optical fibre circuits using nanoscale CMOS, SiGe BiCMOS, and III-V technologies. Step-by-step design methodologies, end-of chapter problems, and practical simulation and design projects are provided, making this an ideal resource for senior undergraduate and graduate courses in circuit design. With an emphasis on device-circuit topology interaction and optimization, it gives circuit designers and students alike an in-depth understanding of device structures and process limitations affecting circuit performance.

Download or read book The Design of CMOS Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits written by Thomas H. Lee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 2004, is an expanded and revised edition of Tom Lee's acclaimed RFIC text.

Download or read book Phase Locked Frequency Generation and Clocking written by Woogeun Rhee and published by Institution of Engineering and Technology. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase-Locked Frequency Generation and Clocking covers essential topics and issues in current Phase-Locked Loop design, from a light touch of fundamentals to practical design aspects. Both wireless and wireline systems are considered in the design of low noise frequency generation and clocking systems. Topics covered include architecture and design, digital-intensive Phase-Locked Loops, low noise frequency generation and modulation, clock-and-data recovery, and advanced clocking and clock generation systems. The book not only discusses fundamental architectures, system design considerations, and key building blocks but also covers advanced design techniques and architectures in frequency generation and clocking systems. Readers can expect to gain insights into phase-locked clocking as well as system perspectives and circuit design aspects in modern Phase-Locked Loop design.

Download or read book Millimeter Wave Antennas Configurations and Applications written by Jaco du Preez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-20 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively reviews the state of the art in millimeter-wave antennas, traces important recent developments and provides information on a wide range of antenna configurations and applications. While fundamental theoretical aspects are discussed whenever necessary, the book primarily focuses on design principles and concepts, manufacture, measurement techniques, and practical results. Each of the various antenna types scalable to millimeter-wave dimensions is considered individually, with coverage of leaky-wave and surface-wave antennas, printed antennas, integrated antennas, and reflector and lens systems. The final two chapters address the subject from a systems perspective, providing an overview of supporting circuitry and examining in detail diverse millimeter-wave applications, including high-speed wireless communications, radio astronomy, and radar. The vast amount of information now available on millimeter-wave systems can be daunting for researchers and designers entering the field. This book offers readers essential guidance, helping them to gain a thorough understanding based on the most recent research findings and serving as a sound basis for informed decision-making.

Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling and Applications of Optoelectronic Devices for Access Networks written by Chongfu Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topic Editor Raffaele Gravina is a founder and a co-owner of company SenSysCal S.R.L. Topic Editor Guofu Zhou is a founder and a director of Electronic Paper Display Institute of South China Normal University and science advisor of Eindhoven University of Technology. All other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic subject.

Download or read book Microwave Systems and Applications written by Sotirios Goudos and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-01-11 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave systems are key components of every modern wireless communication system. The main objective of this book was to collect as many different state-of-the-art studies as possible in order to cover in a single volume the main aspects of microwave systems and applications. This book contains 17 chapters written by acknowledged experts, researchers, academics, and microwave engineers, providing comprehensive information and covering a wide range of topics on all aspects of microwave systems and applications. This book is divided into four parts. The first part is devoted to microwave components. The second part deals with microwave ICs and innovative techniques for on-chip antenna design. The third part presents antenna design cases for microwave systems. Finally, the last part covers different applications of microwave systems.

Download or read book Special Topics in Information Technology written by Barbara Pernici and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book presents nine outstanding doctoral dissertations in Information Technology from the Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy. Information Technology has always been highly interdisciplinary, as many aspects have to be considered in IT systems. The doctoral studies program in IT at Politecnico di Milano emphasizes this interdisciplinary nature, which is becoming more and more important in recent technological advances, in collaborative projects, and in the education of young researchers. Accordingly, the focus of advanced research is on pursuing a rigorous approach to specific research topics starting from a broad background in various areas of Information Technology, especially Computer Science and Engineering, Electronics, Systems and Controls, and Telecommunications. Each year, more than 50 PhDs graduate from the program. This book gathers the outcomes of the nine best theses defended in 2018-19 and selected for the IT PhD Award. Each of the nine authors provides a chapter summarizing his/her findings, including an introduction, description of methods, main achievements and future work on the topic. Hence, the book provides a cutting-edge overview of the latest research trends in Information Technology at Politecnico di Milano, presented in an easy-to-read format that will also appeal to non-specialists.