Download or read book Ultra low dose CT based Attenuation Correction for Respiratory Motion Compensation in PET CT Imaging written by Tzu-Cheng Lee and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a commonly used imaging tool in the management of patients with lung cancer and is of considerable interest in quantitative imaging of the thorax. Mismatch of PET data with computed tomography (CT) attenuation correction (CTAC) due to respiratory motion is a known source of errors in PET imaging. In theory, this can be corrected by matching individual PET and CT phases which have been generated by respiratory-correlated PET and CT. However, due to the high variability of patient breathing patterns and the nature of the scanning time differences between PET and CT, current respiratory-gated CTAC protocols for the irregular breather may cause additional bias in the PET image values. A ten-fold extension of the CT scanning time duration helps reduce PET imaging bias, but leads to the higher radiation dose to the patient. Lowering the CT source flux level to reduce dose, however, leads to increased noise and bias. Here we test the possibility of using model based iterative reconstruction algorithms (MBIRs) for generating the sparse-view, ultra-low-dose (i.e. an order lower than current low-dose protocols) CTAC images for both phantom and patient PET data. We also propose a new variance estimation model, which considers statistical changes caused by the non-positivity correction process, for the MBIR algorithms. The model based iterative CT reconstruction approach does generate more accurate CTAC map compared to current approaches. However, since iterative reconstruction algorithms typically assume a normal distribution of the attenuation data, we tested if the assumption is still valid in the ultra-low-dose regime. The simulation and empirical ultra-low-dose CT studies showed a skewed post-log likelihood distribution in certain ranges. The information delineates the estimation limits of model based iterative reconstruction approach on the ultra-low-dose CT imaging, and potentially helps guide scanning protocols customized for a lowest-reasonable radiation dose.

Download or read book Reduction of CT Dose for CT based PET Attenuation Correction written by Ting Xia and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One important goal of quantitative imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) combined with X-ray computed tomography (CT) is to accurately measure a tumor's characteristics both before and during therapy to determine as early as possible the efficacy of the treatment. The transmission CT scans in the dual modality PET/CT are used for attenuation correction of the PET emission data. Two significant challenges for quantitative PET/CT imaging come from respiratory motion in lung cancer imaging and estimation of the attenuation coefficients for high atomic number materials in bone imaging. Longer duration respiratory-gated CT has been proposed for attenuation correction of phase-matched respiratory-gated PET and motion estimation. Dual energy CT (DECT) has been proposed for accurate CT based PET attenuation correction (CTAC) for bone imaging. However, for both methods, the radiation dose from the CT scan is unacceptably high with the current CT techniques. This directly limits the clinical application of the quantitative PET imaging. Ultra-low dose CT for PET attenuation correction is studied for lung cancer imaging. Selected combinations of dose reduced acquisition and noise suppression methods are investigated by taking advantage of the reduced requirement of CT for PET CTAC. The impact of these methods on PET quantitation is evaluated through simulations on different digital phantoms. When CT is not used for diagnostic and anatomical localization purposes, it is shown that ultra-low dose CT for PET/CT is feasible. The noise and bias propagation from DECT acquisitions to PET or SPECT are studied for bone imaging, and related dose minimization are investigated. It is shown that through appropriate selection of CT techniques, DECT could deliver the same radiation dose as that of a single spectra CT and provide accurate attenuation correction for PET imaging containing high-Z materials. Finally, phantom-based measured experiments are performed to characterize the simulation and provide spectra validation.

Download or read book Respiratory Motion Correction in PET CT Imaging written by Paul Schleyer and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In dual modality PET-CT imaging, respiratory motion can introduce blurring in PET images and create a spatial mismatch between the PET and CT datasets. Attenuation correction errors can result from this mismatch, which can produce severe artefacts that potentially alter the clinical interpretation of the images. Various approaches of reducing these effects have been developed. Many involve respiratory gated acquisitions which generally require a measure of the respiratory cycle throughout imaging. In this work, a retrospective respiratory gating technique was devel¬oped for both PET and CT which extracts the respiratory cycle from the acquired data itself, removing the requirement for hardware that measures respiration. This data-driven gating method was validated with phantom and patient data, and compared with a hardware based approach of gating. Extensions to the method facilitated the gating of multi-bed position, 3D clinical PET scans. Finally, 60 Ammonia cardiac PET/CT images were used to compare several different ap¬proaches of reducing respiratory induced attenuation correction errors and motion blur. The data-driven respiratory gating method accurately substituted a hardware based approach, and no significant difference was found between images gated with either methods. Gating 11 clinical 3D whole body PET images validated the extended data-driven gating methods and demonstrated successful combination of separate PET bed-positions. All evaluated approaches to reduce respiratory motion artefacts in cardiac imaging demonstrated an average improvement in PET-CT alignment. However, cases were found where alignment worsened and artefacts resulted. Fewer and less severe cases were produced when the 4D attenuation correction data was created from a 3D helical CT and PET derived motion fields. Full motion cor¬rection produced a small effect on average, however in this case no detrimental effects were found.

Download or read book Respiratory and Cardiac Gating in PET An Issue of PET Clinics written by Habib Zaidi and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-01-28 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complexity of issues associated with gating studies with PET imaging are mostly unknown among practitioners of the field, which is posing a significant danger to those who undergo such studies. This is particularly true for respiratory gating examination. Topics in this issue include both basic and clinical topics, including views from radiation oncology physicians.

Download or read book PET CT Imaging written by Kanhaiyalal Agrawal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide concise information and quick reference on the basics and practice of PET/CT for beginners. The chapters are written by Nuclear Medicine experts from different countries with enormous experience in PET/CT practice. Starting with the basics of PET/CT describing physics and the use of radiopharmaceuticals in PET/CT, the book explores the principle of PET/CT in radiotherapy planning. The last five chapters explore normal variation, pitfalls and artefacts commonly seen with various routinely used PET radiotracers. The text is enriched by tables and highlighted clinical cases for better understanding. This book will be of interest mostly to nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists, but it may be appealing also to a wider medical community including oncologists and radiotherapists.

Download or read book PET CT in Lung Cancer written by Archi Agrawal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-16 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise, excellently illustrated pocket book provides an up-to-date summary of the science and practice of PET/CT imaging in lung cancer. The coverage encompasses the entire spectrum of lung cancer – pathology, radiological and PET/CT imaging, and management. Readers will also find information on the physics of PET and its use in respiratory gating and radiotherapy planning. The highlights of the book are the exquisite depiction of normal variants, pitfalls, and artifacts and a pictorial atlas of the various types of lung cancer and their manifestations. The contributing authors are well-known and experienced oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and nuclear physicians. This book has been compiled under the auspices of the British Nuclear Medicine Society. It will be of high value for nuclear physicians, radiologists, referring clinicians and oncologists, and paramedical staff working in these fields

Download or read book Motion Compensation for 4D PET CT written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book PET CT and Artefacts written by Katalin Nemeth and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a very commonly used molecular and functional imaging method in the field of oncology for diagnosis, staging, follow-up and radiotherapy planning. Computed Tomography (CT) is used for attenuation correction and adding anatomical information. In this thesis, the basics of PET-CT imaging were explained, and possible artefacts were described and classified as PET-based, CT-based and attenuation correction based artefacts. Respiratory artefacts were discussed in the main part of the thesis. The underlying mechanisms (CT can be performed in a few seconds with respiratory hold technique, PET imaging is performed in 6-30 minutes normally with free breathing) were described. The literature research gave a review over respiratory artefacts and state of the art techniques to avoid or at least reduce them. In general, there are three different approaches: pre-reconstruction methods, motion corrections during reconstruction and post-reconstruction correction techniques. There are numerous technical devices used (e.g. impedance based, temperature based, video based, spirometry based) in the clinical practice, and other authors suggest software based solutions (e.g. gated + algorithm). These different possibilities were described and their advantages and disadvantages were shown. Especially for software based solutions there were only limited clinical data, but for most of the methods described here were existing clinical data (at least preliminary data) showing that reducing respiratory artefacts could result in higher rates of lesion detection (higher sensitivity of PET-CT) without a loss of specificity.*****Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a very commonly used molecular and functional imaging method in the field of oncology for diagnosis, staging, follow-up and radiotherapy planning. Computed Tomography (CT) is used for attenuation correction and adding anatomical information. In this thesis, the basics of PET-CT imaging were explained, and possible artefacts were described and classified as PET-based, CT-based and attenuation correction based artefacts. Respiratory artefacts were discussed in the main part of the thesis. The underlying mechanisms (CT can be performed in a few seconds with respiratory hold technique, PET imaging is performed in 6-30 minutes normally with free breathing) were described. The literature research gave a review over respiratory artefacts and state of the art techniques to avoid or at least reduce them. In general, there are three different approaches: pre-reconstruction methods, motion corrections during reconstruction and post-reconstruction correction techniques. There are numerous technical devices used (e.g. impedance based, temperature based, video based, spirometry based) in the clinical practice, and other authors suggest software based solutions (e.g. gated + algorithm). These different possibilities were described and their advantages and disadvantages were shown. Especially for software based solutions there were only limited clinical data, but for most of the methods described here were existing clinical data (at least preliminary data) showing that reducing respiratory artefacts could result in higher rates of lesion detection (higher sensitivity of PET-CT) without a loss of specificity.

Download or read book 99mTc Sestamibi written by Jan Bucerius and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 99mTc-sestamibi is a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracer that is widely used for the imaging of myocardial perfusion, as well as a variety of malignant and benign diseases. 99mTc-Sestamibi – Clinical Applications provides a detailed and informative overview of almost all the oncologic and non-oncologic applications of 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT, including several relatively rare indications. Different disease-related protocols for 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT are presented, and for each disease a comprehensive summary of the relevant pathology and epidemiology is provided. Throughout, there is a strong emphasis on the practical aspects of use of this popular tracer, including instructions for the preparation of several commercially available tracer kits. Clinical practitioners will find this book to be an invaluable guide to the application and benefits of 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT in both the inpatient and the outpatient setting.

Download or read book Cardiac SPECT Imaging written by E. Gordon DePuey and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2001 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiac SPECT Imaging, Second Edition offers the best of all possible worlds--a critical topic, internationally recognized authors and cutting-edge coverage. It guides you through all aspects of the modality--from basic principles (acquiring and processing images, quality control)...and clinical applications (evaluating myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease)...to the very latest equipment. It even compares SPECT with other modalities (PET, CT, MRI, and echocardiography) to ensure smart, cost-effective decisions by both the cardiologist and nuclear medicine physician.Look for new chapters on attenuation correction, gated perfusion SPECT, radiopharmaceuticals, and myocardial perfusion SPECT, as well as the very latest on myocardial perfusion SPECT in conjunction with exercise and pharmacologic stress, assessment of perfusion/viability with Tc-99m agents, how SPECT compares with other advanced cardiac imaging modalities, and more!

Download or read book Clinical PET and PET CT written by H. Jadvar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-20 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical manual covering the full spectrum of PET and PET/CT imaging, now in common clinical practice, this book includes images of normal variants, artifacts, and pathologic conditions. Indications for and the relative clinical value of PET in the armamentarium of diagnostic medical imaging are reviewed. The information in the book is organized to be brief, concise, easy-to-understand and readily accessed. This book is intended for all health practitioners who need a concise reference and review of PET imaging indications, protocols and clinical applications. It will be useful to radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and clinicians who refer their patients to PET Centers for diagnostic imaging, including neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, cardiologists, internists, and oncologists. Radiologic and nuclear medicine technologists, and physicians in training will also benefit from this work.

Download or read book Clinical PET MRI written by Onofrio Antonio Catalano and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-09-07 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical PET/MR presents the state-of-the-art of PET/MR, guiding the reader from how to scan patients, how to read and report the studies, and how keep an eye on what is clinically relevant for a patient’s care. Each chapter starts with the clinical scenario and then moves to pertinent imaging, addressing the need of a clinical PET/MR book written by world experts in both clinical and imaging fields. It discusses the clinical application of PET/MR in diverse subspecialties such as head and neck, neurology, cardiovascular, pediatrics, chest, bone, hematology, breast, hepatobiliary pancreatic, genitourinary, gynecology, and gastrointestinal tract. This book is a valuable resource for radiologists, oncologists and members of the biomedical field who need to learn more about clinical applications of PET/MR. Presents a description of robust acquisition protocols to teach readers how to scan PET/MR patients, from tracers to sequences Provides a clinical background section in each chapter to help readers focus on the real clinical issues that need to be addressed in the medical report Written by world authorities in the field in a didactic manner to describe the real status of imaging

Download or read book PET MRI in Oncology written by Andrei Iagaru and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-23 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, experts from premier institutions across the world with extensive experience in the field clearly and succinctly describe the current and anticipated uses of PET/MRI in oncology. The book also includes detailed presentations of the MRI and PET technologies as they apply to the combined PET/MRI scanners. The applications of PET/MRI in a wide range of oncological settings are well documented, highlighting characteristic findings, advantages of this dual-modality technique, and pitfalls. Whole-body PET/MRI applications and pediatric oncology are discussed separately. In addition, information is provided on PET technology designs and MR hardware for PET/MRI, MR pulse sequences and contrast agents, attenuation and motion correction, the reliability of standardized uptake value measurements, and safety considerations. The balanced presentation of clinical topics and technical aspects will ensure that the book is of wide appeal. It will serve as a reference for specialists in nuclear medicine and radiology and oncologists and will also be of interest for residents in these fields and technologists.

Download or read book Basic Science of PET Imaging written by Magdy M. Khalil and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a wide-ranging and up-to-date overview of the basic science underlying PET and its preclinical and clinical applications in modern medicine. In addition, it provides the reader with a sound understanding of the scientific principles and use of PET in routine practice and biomedical imaging research. The opening sections address the fundamental physics, radiation safety, CT scanning dosimetry, and dosimetry of PET radiotracers, chemistry and regulation of PET radiopharmaceuticals, with information on labeling strategies, tracer quality control, and regulation of radiopharmaceutical production in Europe and the United States. PET physics and instrumentation are then discussed, covering the basic principles of PET and PET scanning systems, hybrid PET/CT and PET/MR imaging, system calibration, acceptance testing, and quality control. Subsequent sections focus on image reconstruction, processing, and quantitation in PET and hybrid PET and on imaging artifacts and correction techniques, with particular attention to partial volume correction and motion artifacts. The book closes by examining clinical applications of PET and hybrid PET and their physiological and/or molecular basis in conjunction with technical foundations in the disciplines of oncology, cardiology and neurology, PET in pediatric malignancy and its role in radiotherapy treatment planning. Basic Science of PET Imaging will meet the needs of nuclear medicine practitioners, other radiology specialists, and trainees in these fields.

Download or read book Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-08 with total page 1251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.

Download or read book Medical Imaging Systems written by Andreas Maier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book gives a complete and comprehensive introduction to the fields of medical imaging systems, as designed for a broad range of applications. The authors of the book first explain the foundations of system theory and image processing, before highlighting several modalities in a dedicated chapter. The initial focus is on modalities that are closely related to traditional camera systems such as endoscopy and microscopy. This is followed by more complex image formation processes: magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray projection imaging, computed tomography, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, nuclear imaging, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography.

Download or read book Quantitative Nuclear Medicine Imaging written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication reviews the current state of the art of image quantification and provides a solid background of tools and methods to medical physicists and other related professionals who are faced with quantification of radionuclide distribution in clinical practice. It describes and analyses the physical effects that degrade image quality and affect the accuracy of quantification, and describes methods to compensate for them in planar, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) images.