Download or read book UK and US Future Predictive Technological Development written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PrefaceThis book divides three parts. The first part explains what future technology factors will influence US economy development. The second part explains what future technology factors will influence UK economy development. The final part that I shall give some economy theories to explain why these kinds of technological factors can influence future these both countries' economy growth. It brings this question: What are future influential technological development trend to US and UK?This book concerns to be given on my opinions and some economists' opinions to UK and US both countries government and businessmen what will be the most urgent important needs to develop on the technological product investments aspect. I shall indicate the online teaching technology and environment protect technology, such as natural energy, farming environment protect technology etc. as well as automatic technology in manufacturing industry , such as human intelligence products to give my reasons and some economists' reasons to explain to support why these three technological developments will be valid to invest to develop to UK society in the future. In this book final part, I shall give reasons to explain why some economy theories can be proved to satisfy these technological factors requirement to predict which can influence US and UK future economic growth. The economy theories include: welfare economic theory, Kaldor -Hicks efficiency theory, Pareto improvement theory, industrial production and pollution economy theory, natural rate of unemployment theory. Finally, I hope readers can attempt to analyze whether these economic theories can be applied to explain whether these technological factors can assist US and UK future economic growth.My view point and the economists both view point will be valid to be judged whether these three new technological development will be the most urgent important needs among other technology development to UK and US society within ten year. I hope that our ideas can assist UK and US government and businessmen to make the right decision to concentrate on developing these three technological development within ten years.
Download or read book UK Us Future Predictive Technological Development written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural rate of unemploymentEconomists believe why natural rate of unemployment will occur in any countries. They indicate that during economy condition keeps at the balance situation ( condition), anyway any country government adopts any policy. However, the natural rate of unemployment won't reach to zero level as well as there are some people will still unemployed or it is possible that some people will be alternative employment between any time. Hence, it means that although US and UK is an developed country. It can not guarantee there are not any people unemployed, so the natural rate of unemployment will not reach to zero level.So, it seems that US and UK current economy condition had kept at the balance situation ( condition). Thus, even future science, technology, engineering and mathematics workers will drive US innovation and competitiveness by new ideas, new companies and new industries in US. However, US and UK employers frequently concern the supply and availability of this kind of workers. Over the past 10 years, growth in this kind of jobs was three times as fast as growth to general jobs in US. In the future the Natural rate of unemployment of US and UK science, technology, engineering and mathematics worker number must not reach zero level.Anyway, in the future, the perspective of bio-medical industry will be an alternative growth scenario. So, US and UK government will need to modest improvements in key policy areas to adopt bio-medical industry needs, e.g. more favorable coverage and payment policies for medical innovation, improvements in regulatory policy to create efficiencies in research and development process and improvements in policy to incentive R & D ( research and development) create efficiencies in the R & D process.As an industry rooted in science and advanced manufacturing, the innovation bio-medical industry is uniquely position to help maintain US leadership in new technologies and scientific to continue to create high quality, high wage R&D and manufacturing jobs and enhance America's global competitiveness in the future. In the future the Natural rate of unemployment of US and UK of bio-medical industry worker number must not reach zero level. Thus, if future US had enough job number which could supply to these high technological and bio medical industries of labors to do. However, the natural rate of unemployment must not reach at zero level and it does not represent its economy is poor because one developed country, such as US had been experiencing economy condition keeps at the balance situation( condition), so it's natural rate of unemployment must not reach zero level . Otherwise, the developing countries
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book Future Technology Development Predictive Direction written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assuming that UK high technological automatic manufacturing workers who would desire only to introduce changes in the workings of the international economic order and policies of countries participating in the present economic order rather than change the order itself, what will be UK manufacturers their specific economic preferences in the future? It implies tnat either concentrate on spending more investment to automatic high technological development, e.g. human intelligence automatic high technological products or still concentrate on spending more investment to common traditional technological products.However, UK was a developed Western country which had had strong automatic high technological development effort very long time. Otherwise, it compared to some developing countries, such as Asian China, Hong Kong, Korea etc. Asian countries their future economic growth rate will show un- surprising, different patterns, so the Asian countries has weak effort to invest high automatic technological product development, such as human intelligence technological development. The catching-up process suggests low economic growth rate in the high automatic technological product development to the Asian developing countries in the future.Hence, the future economists predict that it views as probable successors of the Western world economic leadership if any Western country, such as UK manufacturers who prefer to invest to any high automatic technological products development, e.g. developing on human intelligence automatic technological products more than traditional common technological products development. On the one side, but it seems important to stress that two very poor countries among the challengers-China and India-are examples of countries that changed their institutions and economic policies from no or little economic freedom to more economic freedom. Because there two countries whose governments prefer to lend loans to encourage their country manufacturers prefer to invest high automatic technological products manufacturing. On the other side, attitudes toward foreign direct investment (FDI) have undergone change since the 1960 s and a large majority of less developed countries, e.g. China and India are now competing strongly among themselves and with developed market economies for direct investment from multinational companies. So, UK will face China and India high automatic technological product competitors in the future. And in fact, all countries that joined Western developed economies did that without much (if any) external inflow of public resources. It is right time that UK government needs to lend loans to encourage domestic manufacturers to invest high automatic technological products to raise whose international high technological products sale effort to win its future competitors. So, machine resources will be increased demand to o UK manufacturers if who chose to spend machine resources to innovate to manufacture any new and high technological automatic products to raise human daily life needs in the future. It means that it is right time UK manufacturers need buy much machines to prepare to manufacture many future high technological automatic products when these machine prices are low.
Download or read book Can Technology Help US And UK Development written by John Lok and published by . This book was released on 2023-09-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings readers to enter our future technological world to let you to feel how we will encounter in future predictive technological innovation or invention to influence our daily life. This is future US and UK technological fiction to explain what images we will feel when our societies were become technological life. I write this book aims to explain how future technology change will influence human living of standard. I suppose that human living of standard will become better if future human technology will be improved. Otherwise, human living of standard will become worse if future human technology won't be improved, even will be fallen down. I shall give US and UK technologies development past and present evidences to explain how their technologies development will improve human living of standard. I hope readers can make personal judgment to evaluate whether technology development will improve human living of standard.
Download or read book FUTURE UK AND US TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT DIFFERENCE written by John Lok and published by . This book was released on 2022-02-04 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book divides three parts. The first part explains what future technology factors will influence US economy development. The second part explains what future technology factors will influence UK economy development. The final part that I shall give some economy theories to explain why these kinds of technological factors can influence future these both countries' economy growth. It brings these two questions: What are future influential technological development trend to US and UK? Can technological resource shortage threaten UK and US technological service or product manufacturing industries development ?
Download or read book UK Us Future Unique Technology Development Difference written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-02-18 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter TwoUS Future Unique TechnologyEnvironment protection technologySome economists predict developing countries every city in the global 750 is projected to have a larger future technological economy growth. But the diversity of developing countries' economic performance is large. Developing economy cities, such as China, Japan, Hong Kong, Korea cities can grow rapidly by acquiring capital and technological know-how and putting them to use by their rapidly growing urban labor forces. Even, these developing countries cities' rapid technological development can impact to US labor market supply.Due to future rapid technological development to these developing countries, the result will cause developing countries cities, such as Asia China, Hong Kong, India cities economy growth will rapidly. Otherwise, developed western countries cities, such as US, UK, Canada, Australia, Span, Germany etc. countries lie close to the technological frontier have stable urban populations and more limited investment and job creation opportunities. It will influence these developed countries' economic growth is slow than the developing countries. Due to developing Asia countries cities will prefer to invest more technological development to compare to developed countries, such as US, UK, Canada, Australia, Span, Germany etc. countries. Therefore developed countries, such as US, UK, Canada, Australia, Span, Germany etc. countries tend to grow more slowly. It seems developing Asia countries, such as Hong Kong, China, Korea etc. countries urban and central cities economic performance within developing countries will be better than developed countries, such as UK, US urban and central cities within five years.Thus, I suppose that future developed countries, such as US the speed of technological development will be slower to compare developing countries, such as Hong Kong, China, Korea, India etc. countries. Then, it will bring this question: How to solve developed countries, such as US, Washington, New York etc. cities future economic slow growth challenge? For future developed country cities, such as New York, Washington etc. large cities' technological investment and location decision, it will need understand that diversity is essential. Various factors can have an impact on US country intra-national urban cities performance, including sector structures, agglomeration benefits, infrastructure quality. For example, US country central government needs have tolerance of diverse performance, land supply and US city governance plan. It aims to raise US central and urban cities' future economic performance. Moreover, US country will need to concern above issues to arrange how to improve central and urban city economic development . Specially, it will need to concern technology innovation to encourage many overseas technology investors to anticipate different kinds of technology products innovation, e.g. human intelligence machine, mobile, computer etc. high technology products. It aims to absorb different countries' new technological knowledge of different kinds of high technological products to excite US domestic or foreign countries consumers' desires to choose to buy many different kinds of high technological products to raise US GDP growth in US technological product sector industry in the future.
Download or read book Future Technology Development Direction written by John Lok and published by . This book was released on 2023-09-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings readers to enter our future technological world to let you to feel how we will encounter in future predictive technological innovation or invention to influence our daily life. This is future US and UK technological fiction to explain what images we will feel when our societies were become technological life. I write this book aims to explain how future technology change will influence human living of standard. I suppose that human living of standard will become better if future human technology will be improved. Otherwise, human living of standard will become worse if future human technology won't be improved, even will be fallen down. I shall give US and UK technologies development past and present evidences to explain how their technologies development will improve human living of standard. I hope readers can make personal judgment to evaluate whether technology development will improve human living of standard. This book divides three parts. The first part explains what future technology factors will influence US economy development. The second part explains what future technology factors will influence UK economy development. The final part that I shall give some economy theories to explain why these kinds of technological factors can influence future these both countries' economy growth. This book part one and two concern to be given on my opinions and some economists' opinions to UK and US both countries government and businessmen what will be the most urgent important needs to develop on the technological product investments aspect. I shall indicate the online teaching technology and environment protect technology, such as natural energy, farming environment protect technology etc. as well as automatic technology in manufacturing industry, such as human intelligence products to give my reasons and some economists' reasons to explain to support why these three technological developments will be valid to invest to develop to UK society in the future.
Download or read book New Technology Development Trend written by John Lok and published by . This book was released on 2022-11-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings readers to enter our future technological world to let you to feel how we will encounter in future predictive technological innovation or invention to influence our daily life. This is future US and UK technological fiction to explain what images we will feel when our societies were become technological life. I write this book aims to explain how future technology change will influence human living of standard. I suppose that human living of standard will become better if future human technology will be improved. Otherwise, human living of standard will become worse if future human technology won't be improved, even will be fallen down. I shall give US and UK technologies development past and present evidences to explain how their technologies development will improve human living of standard. I hope readers can make personal judgement to evaluate whether technology development will improve human living of standard.
Download or read book Future Trend England and America Technology Development written by Johnny LOK and published by . This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1.0 PrefaceThis book divides three parts. The first part explains what future technology factors will influence US economy development. The second part explains what future technology factors will influence UK economy development. The final part that I shall give some economy theories to explain why these kinds of technological factors can influence future these both countries' economy growth.This book concerns to be given on my opinions and some economists' opinions to UK and US both countries government and businessmen what will be the most urgent important needs to develop on the technological product investments aspect. I shall indicate the online teaching technology and environment protect technology, such as natural energy, farming environment protect technology etc. as well as automatic technology in manufacturing industry , such as human intelligence products to give my reasons and some economists' reasons to explain to support why these three technological developments will be valid to invest to develop to UK society in the future. In this book final part, I shall give reasons to explain why some economy theories can be proved to satisfy these technological factors requirement to predict which can influence US and UK future economic growth. The economy theories include: welfare economic theory, Kaldor -Hicks efficiency theory, Pareto improvement theory, industrial production and pollution economy theory, natural rate of unemployment theory. Finally, I hope readers can attempt to analyze whether these economic theories can be applied to explain whether these technological factors can assist US and UK future economic growth.My view point and the economists both view point will be valid to be judged whether these three new technological development will be the most urgent important needs among other technology development to UK and U
Download or read book UK Us Future Unique Technology Competitive Comparision written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-26 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automation technology in manufacturing industryNowadays, UK computer and space explore technology had reached the mature stage. It means that UK government ought not need to continue spend much resource to research these two kind technologies. Otherwise, the automatic manufacturing technology, e.g. human intelligence new product. It has need to develop because human intelligence machines will bring beneficial to satisfy human everyday life need, e.g. hospital patients' activities need, if the patent who can not walk easily, but the human intelligence machine can assist the patient walk to anywhere conveniently. So, he/she does not need to sit on wheel chair and apply the human intelligence machine man to help him/her to drive on the intelligence automatic driving vehicle to go to anywhere conveniently. Otherwise, increased automation in low wage countries, e.g. China, Korea, Africa, Hong Kong etc. which have traditionally manufacturing firms, could use automatic technological manufacturing to bring lose cost advantage and potentially lose their ability of achieving rapid economy growth by shifting workers to factory jobs. So, UK government and businessmen needs to consider automation technology development, i.e. 3D printing manufacturing industry will encourage UK companies to move manufacturing process, closer to gain the biggest advantage from this 3D automation technology development. A growing concern of premature de-industrialization in energy and developing countries could require new models and a need un-skillful the UK workforce. In the future, the best way toward for UK cities will reduce their exposure to automation is to boost their technological dynamic and attract more UK skilled workers. Automation technology progress can give UK manufacturers' employee benefits, such as long term healthy productivity improvement, raising productivity efficiency and product quality, macroeconomic and microeconomic effects of automation technological change, it's change will be beneficial to UK society, i.e. automation active labor market policies, which could help UK job seekers find jobs from training to incentive to support self-employment to create high technological job employment chance in UK society. So, raising science, technology, engineering and math subjects update skills level are needed to UK any universities, which can be increasingly important in UK society, these factors could complicate the ability of UK high automation technology education to adopt to the UK automation manufacturing technological change. A talent mismatch already exists in UK, with many well UK educated workers can find employment in lower-skilled jobs. To combat this, greater coordination will be needed between the education, training and employment sectors in UK society.Why are high automatic technology product development models needed to research to UK any manufacturers? UK government and manufacturers need to consider how to achieve high technology product development models. According to Hauser et al. (2006) indicated the high technology (high tech.) development process, is influenced by the innovative process, bringing products on exception value which stimulate product market demand. Innovation provides products the specific basis for which world economies compete with each other on the global market. Able to find new solutions, innovations generate significant changes in existing markets, destroy them, or create new marketing ( Hauser et al. 2006). So, UK manufacturers need to concern on any manufacturing high technology product development process because which can influence any new products development to manufacture to sell to any overseas or domestic both markets successfully.
Download or read book Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies Report 2 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-08-02 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term "disruptive technology" describes a technology that results in a sudden change affecting already established technologies or markets. Disruptive technologies cause one or more discontinuities in the normal evolutionary life cycle of technology. This may lead to an unexpected destabilization of an older technology order and an opportunity for new competitors to displace incumbents. Frequently cited examples include digital photography and desktop publishing. The first report of the series, Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies, discussed how technology forecasts were historically made, assessed various existing forecasting systems, and identified desirable attributes of a next-generation persistent long-term forecasting system for disruptive technologies. This second book attempts to sketch out high-level forecasting system designs. In addition, the book provides further evaluation of the system attributes defined in the first report, and evidence of the feasibility of creating a system with those attributes. Together, the reports are intended to help the Department of Defense and the intelligence community identify and develop a forecasting system that will assist in detecting and tracking global technology trends, producing persistent long-term forecasts of disruptive technologies, and characterizing their potential impact on future U.S. warfighting and homeland defense capabilities.
Download or read book UK And US Future Unique Technology written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I stressed a very important point, namely that the UK future high technological automatic product competitor China and India, namely that economies not only grow, but in the process change their structure. China and India have been industry very rapidly (the first transition) and building the physical infrastructure that accompanies industrialization changes to technology in the future. However, at a certain per capita GNP level the two countries, such as China and India will face another structural shift when which technological development will reach the mature stage in the future. China and India had been primarily historical pattern of economic development because the shift in the role of engine of growth from industry to services is to a much greater extent a qualitative shift. Both higher and different skills are required. And, even more importantly, interactions generating ideas driving the highly human-capital-intensive service economy require a much freer environment, not only in the economic area. Chinese exports have been heavily labor-intensive. This being the case, they contributed to the expansion of industrial employment, offering for the first time in the history of China a taste of (very modest) prosperity to more than 100 million new industrial workers and their families. This is the major component of the success accomplished by Chinese economic growth. Richer trade partners create room for more trade, so the Chinese should hope that intra-South trade, that is, trade between the emerging economies of Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America, will open up new and growing opportunities. I presume that if Western economy, such as UK did not developed high technological automatic industry to stable their social welfare, so thoroughly slowed down their economic growth.Will it allow China to accomplish the transition to a mature, innovation, service-sector-based market economy? It has allowed the economy to industrialize much more successfully, even if the labor shift from agriculture to industry has not yet been completed. But it is a long way off the next major test: the second high technological industry transition of the economic structure to China. Bear in mind that Russia attempted it twice and failed at both attempts.But even, assuming that China at some point in the future does succeed in accomplishing the second transition, will it be able to supersede the USA, for example, as the main global high automatic technological innovation center if it wants to become the No.1 global high technological industry economy? Given the nature of the centralized state and its stability to collect financial resources, China's ability to increase research and development expenditure to high automatic technological products and to hire a mass of researchers, engineers, technicians and other specialists should not be doubted. This process in already taking place.
Download or read book UK and US Future Unique Technology Competitive written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by . This book was released on 2019-01-26 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecommerce social economic development technologyHas it relationship between social influence and economic environment in future US? For example, the social factors that are positively correlated with the economic growth ( i.e. the expected years of schooling and the life expectancy) and respectively, the factors that are negatively correlated with US future economic growth ( i.e. the US population or risk of poverty and the unemployment rate).The improvement of the US future economic environment will be an objective of the macroeconomic policy on short, medium and also long term. The importance of social factors upon US future economic growth, considering that the future used macroeconomic indicator, GDP per capita, is not most proper measure for the future US nation welfare. Due to GDP per capital fails to take into consideration some specific sectors of the US social economy, such as the black market.Until recently, some economists rely on culture is as a possible determinant of economic phenomena. However, in current years, better techniques and more date made it possible to identify systematic differences in people's preferences and beliefs and to relate them to various measures of cultural environment suggest an approach to introduce cultural-based explanation that can be tested and are able to substantially understand economic phenomena.The increased importance of social factors relies on a basic concept. Some theory is measured to economic growth which has wrong assumption. For example, the fiscal and monetary policies focused on increasing the national income, which lead consequently to economic growth. The reason most of economic opinions have been argued because whose opinions are based on a wrong hypothesis, according to which the nation welfare is based only on the level of income.Can social factors influence US future economic growth? Human development history, global life expectancy has been experiencing these stages: from the industrialization process, the technologic progress, the medical evolution, the scientific research, these stages were also related to internal causes, specific to some developed countries, e.g. US developed country. Thus, the differences are significant and are linked both to US life expectancy level and the GDP /capita. Such as US population is less than China population too much. Although, US land area is near to China area. It seems US will encounter life expectancy level need to prepare its technological development to raise economy growth of opportunity. For example, Africa and Asia are still facing major economic and social issues. The access to a health life and medical services are still long terms objectives for countries with low life expectancy.According to Harrison & Huntington (2000), the analysis of social factors helps understanding the human behavior with respect to consumption, savings, investment system, expectations and attitudes towards the economic circumstances, which also have a major impact on the economic growth. The evolutions of economic and social environment are needed for US future development. In order to eliminate the gap of living standard, outside resources and support US needs have good social indicators study plan to concern econometric model to rise poor people living standard in future US society between rich and poor people who are living in US. However, I believe the social factors include demographic and culture, population's structure factors which are one important social indicator to influence the distribution of the US social public income.
Download or read book Cognitive Systems for Monitoring and Forecasting the Scientific and Technological Development of the State written by T.V. Abramova and published by Red Square Scientific, Ltd.. This book was released on 2018 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safeguarding the Bioeconomy written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research and innovation in the life sciences is driving rapid growth in agriculture, biomedical science, information science and computing, energy, and other sectors of the U.S. economy. This economic activity, conceptually referred to as the bioeconomy, presents many opportunities to create jobs, improve the quality of life, and continue to drive economic growth. While the United States has been a leader in advancements in the biological sciences, other countries are also actively investing in and expanding their capabilities in this area. Maintaining competitiveness in the bioeconomy is key to maintaining the economic health and security of the United States and other nations. Safeguarding the Bioeconomy evaluates preexisting and potential approaches for assessing the value of the bioeconomy and identifies intangible assets not sufficiently captured or that are missing from U.S. assessments. This study considers strategies for safeguarding and sustaining the economic activity driven by research and innovation in the life sciences. It also presents ideas for horizon scanning mechanisms to identify new technologies, markets, and data sources that have the potential to drive future development of the bioeconomy.
Download or read book The Fourth Industrial Revolution written by Klaus Schwab and published by Currency. This book was released on 2017-01-03 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World-renowned economist Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, explains that we have an opportunity to shape the fourth industrial revolution, which will fundamentally alter how we live and work. Schwab argues that this revolution is different in scale, scope and complexity from any that have come before. Characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the developments are affecting all disciplines, economies, industries and governments, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence is already all around us, from supercomputers, drones and virtual assistants to 3D printing, DNA sequencing, smart thermostats, wearable sensors and microchips smaller than a grain of sand. But this is just the beginning: nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than a strand of hair and the first transplant of a 3D printed liver are already in development. Imagine “smart factories” in which global systems of manufacturing are coordinated virtually, or implantable mobile phones made of biosynthetic materials. The fourth industrial revolution, says Schwab, is more significant, and its ramifications more profound, than in any prior period of human history. He outlines the key technologies driving this revolution and discusses the major impacts expected on government, business, civil society and individuals. Schwab also offers bold ideas on how to harness these changes and shape a better future—one in which technology empowers people rather than replaces them; progress serves society rather than disrupts it; and in which innovators respect moral and ethical boundaries rather than cross them. We all have the opportunity to contribute to developing new frameworks that advance progress.
