Download or read book UGC NET JRF Commerce Book Accounting and Auditing written by Dheeraj Kumar Singh and published by Innovative Institute. This book was released on with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special feature of this book Book is divided in small Chapters Book is prepared on the basis on UGC NET JRF standard Each Chapter is supported by large number of questions such as Previous year NET JRF Examination questions other different-different levels of examinations questions and questions prepared by our subject expert faculty Unit wise & Chapter wise material

Download or read book 02 UGC NET JRF Commerce Previous Questions Unit Wise UNIT 2 Accounting Auditing written by Dheeraj Kumar Singh and published by Innovative Institute. This book was released on with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NTA UGC NET JRF Commerce Book 2024 Paper I and II English Edition 10 Full Length Mock Tests 1500 Solved Questions with Free Access to Online Tests written by EduGorilla Prep Experts and published by EduGorilla Community Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2024-06-01 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: • Best Selling Book in English Edition for NTA UGC NET Commerce (Paper I & II) with objective-type questions as per the latest syllabus given by the NTA. • NTA UGC NET Commerce (Paper I & II) Preparation Kit comes with 10 Full-length Mock Tests with the best quality content. • Increase your chances of selection by 16X. • NTA UGC NET Commerce (Paper I & II) Prep Kit comes with well-structured and 100% detailed solutions for all the questions. • Clear exam with good grades using thoroughly Researched Content by experts.

Download or read book UGC NET JRF Commerce Previous Questions Unit Wise by Dheeraj K Singh Covering 48 Papers written by Dheeraj Kumar Singh and published by Innovative Institute. This book was released on with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UGC NET JRF Commerce Examination Best Strategy to Crack JRF - Step 1: Solve PYQP Unit Wise: Unit-wise, Year-wise previous questions (last 10 Question Sets) to check the level of examination and your preparation; Step 2: Solve Practice Set: Chapter-wise, Subject wise to enhance your knowledge and level of your preparation; Step 3: Solve Test Paper - Unit-Wise: (5 Test Paper for each unit) to check your level of preparation; Step 4: Solve the Actual Previous year's Question Paper: To check your time management, and your examination strategy, with multiple revisions of the whole syllabus; Step 5: Appear in Mock Test (20 Mock Test) to check final preparation level and reduce examination phobia; Step 6: Appear in the Actual examination without tension and crack the examination with good marks and rank ;

Download or read book HUMAN RESOURCE ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING written by NISAMUDHEEN. T and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2017-01-10 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unit aims to provide a basis for the conceptual framework of Human Capital Management. An attempt is made to highlight the following aspects.

Download or read book UGC NET JRF Commerce Guide Part 1 written by Dheeraj K. Singh and published by Dheeraj Kumar Singh. This book was released on with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bilingual NET JRF Commerce Previous Year Papers 2011 Onwards written by Mocktime Publication and published by by Mocktime Publication. This book was released on with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UGC NTA NET JRF Commerce Previous Year Papers 2011 Onwards Table of Contents 1. UGC NTA NET EXAM DECEMBER -2018 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 2. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JULY-2018 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 3. UGC CBSE NET EXAM NOVEMBER-2017 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 4. UGC CBSE NET EXAM NOVEMBER-2017 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 5. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JANUARY-2017 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 6. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JANUARY-2017 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 7. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JULY-2016 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 8. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JULY-2016 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 9. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2015 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 10. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2015 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 11. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JUNE-2015 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 12. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JUNE-2015 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 13. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2014 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 14. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2014 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 15. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2014 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 16. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2014 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 17. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2013 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 18. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2013 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 19. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2013 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 20. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2013 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 21. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2012 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 22. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2012 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 23. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2012 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 24. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2012 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 25. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2011 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 26. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2011 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION NET BUREAU NET SYLLABUS Subject: Commerce Code No. : 08 Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing Unit 3: Business Economics Unit 4: Business Finance Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions Unit 8: Marketing Management Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business  Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)  Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business  Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy  Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy  Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP  Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA  International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD  World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing  Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates  Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of partnership firms  Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies  Holding company accounts  Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT  Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis  Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting  Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS  Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit  Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit Unit 3: Business Economics  Meaning and scope of business economics  Objectives of business firms  Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR  Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis  Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale  Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves  Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination  Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing Unit 4: Business Finance  Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing  Cost of capital and time value of money  Capital structure  Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis  Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies  Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization  International monetary system  Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques  International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs  International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods  Measures of central tendency  Measures of dispersion  Measures of skewness  Correlation and regression of two variables  Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem  Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions  Research: Concept and types; Research designs  Data: Collection and classification of data  Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non-probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation  Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test  Report writing Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management  Principles and functions of management  Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control  Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization  Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories  Corporate governance and business ethics  Human resource management: Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning  Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits  Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal  Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management  Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management  Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions  Overview of Indian financial system  Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks  Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and monetary policy management  Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management  Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market  Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds  Financial Regulators in India  Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion  Digitisation of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payments systems  Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory framework of insurance- IRDA and its role Unit 8: Marketing Management  Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning  Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development  Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies  Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods - Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix  Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management  Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions  Service marketing  Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM  Logistics management Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business  Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts;  Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency  Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer  Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments  The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company  Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India  The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions  The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties  The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions  Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) : Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property  Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning  Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes  International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing  Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations  Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns

Download or read book Taxmann s Auditing UGCF NEP The Perfect Blend of Theoretical Insights Practical Examples Regulatory Framework on Auditing Concepts Practice for Commerce Students B Com written by Aruna Jha and published by Taxmann Publications Private Limited. This book was released on 2024-07-09 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive textbook covers all essential auditing concepts and practices, providing students with a solid foundation in the field. Combining theoretical insights with practical examples and regulatory frameworks ensures a holistic understanding of the subject, preparing students for academic success and professional excellence. It is designed specifically for undergraduate students at the University of Delhi, aligning with the syllabus requirements for B.Com. (Hons.) and B.Com. courses. The Present Publication is the 2024 Edition, based on the New Education Policy (NEP). This book is authored by Dr Aruna Jha and CA (Dr) Anuj Bhatia, with the following noteworthy features: • [Concept Clarity] Concepts are explained in a lucid and concise manner, facilitating easy understanding for students at all levels of proficiency • [Practical Examples] Includes a large number of real-life examples to elucidate theoretical concepts and demonstrate their practical applications, bridging the gap between theory and practice • [Visual Aids] The book extensively uses tables, figures, and diagrams to enhance comprehension and retention of complex auditing principles • [Regulatory Analysis] Relevant Standards on Auditing issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India are integrated at suitable places to ensure students are well-versed with current professional standards • [Landmark Cases] References to landmark cases with significant implications for auditing provide a contextual understanding of theoretical concepts within practical scenarios • [Legislative Provisions] Key provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, relating to accounts and audits are explained clearly and concisely, aiding students in understanding complex legislative requirements • [Chapter-end Questions] Important questions are provided at the end of each chapter to test students' knowledge and understanding of the topics covered, promoting self-assessment and revision The detailed contents of the book are as follows: • Introduction o This chapter lays the foundation for understanding the fundamentals of auditing. It begins by defining auditing and outlining its primary objectives, focusing on the goals of financial audits. The chapter analyses various types of errors and frauds that auditors might encounter and discusses the broad scope of auditing practices. It also highlights the advantages of auditing while acknowledging the inherent limitations outlined in Standard on Auditing (SA) 200. Essential principles guiding audit practices are also discussed, providing a comprehensive introduction to the subject • Classification of Audit o This chapter categorizes audits based on different criteria, providing a structured understanding of the various types of audits. It starts with an introduction to audit classification and then examines audits based on organizational structure, specific objectives, and time. Each classification type is discussed in detail to help students understand the diverse nature and purposes of audits • Audit Planning and Documentation o Focusing on the initial steps of an audit, this chapter covers the critical considerations for commencing an audit. It explains the components of an audit programme and the purpose of an audit notebook. Additionally, it discusses the importance of thorough audit documentation to ensure a systematic and effective audit process • Internal Control Systems o This chapter discusses the components and significance of internal control systems within an organization. It explains the nature and purpose of internal checks and internal audits and examines the inter-relationships between internal control, internal checks, and internal audits. The chapter also includes specific transactions to highlight practical applications • Audit Evidence and Audit Sampling o Understanding the significance of audit evidence is crucial for effective auditing. This chapter explains the nature and importance of audit evidence as outlined in SA 500. It also covers methods such as test checking and selective verification and introduces the concept of audit sampling, highlighting its role in the audit process • Vouching o Vouching is a fundamental aspect of auditing, and this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of its meaning, objectives, and importance. It details the procedures for routine checking and vouching and discusses the different types of vouchers. Specific sections cover vouching for credit sales, sales returns, purchase transactions, and entries on both the debit and credit sides of the cash book • Verification of Assets o This chapter analyses the concept of asset verification, distinguishing it from vouching and valuation. It outlines the objectives and procedures for verifying specific assets and liabilities, emphasizing the auditor's duties in this context. The chapter provides detailed guidelines for the verification of various types of assets and liabilities • Company Auditor | Appointment and Removal o Focusing on the legal and procedural aspects of appointing and removing company auditors, this chapter covers eligibility criteria, appointment processes, compulsory reappointments, and ceilings on the number of audits an auditor can undertake. It also discusses the remuneration, rights, duties, and liabilities of auditors as outlined in various sections of the Companies Act 2013 • Auditor's Report o This chapter discusses the audit report as a crucial means of communication between the auditor and stakeholders. It explains the revised SA 700 series and the elements of an audit report, differentiating between various types of reports. Special attention is given to audit reports for limited companies • Liabilities of Auditor o Understanding the liabilities associated with the auditing profession is essential for auditors. This chapter introduces the classification of liabilities, including civil liabilities under common law and liabilities under the Companies Act 2013. It provides a detailed examination of the potential legal repercussions auditors may face • National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA) o This chapter provides an in-depth look at the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA), including its evolution, background, powers, functions, and duties. It discusses the companies and auditors governed by NFRA and the composition of the authority. The chapter also examines the rise of NFRA and its relationship with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) • Audit of Banking Companies o This chapter focuses on the unique aspects of auditing banking companies. It starts with an introduction to the banking system in India and the peculiarities of banks. The chapter covers different types of bank audits and the framework for auditing banking companies, with special emphasis on auditing key financial items in a bank's financial statements • Audit of Insurance Companies o Auditing insurance companies require specific knowledge and approaches. This chapter outlines the framework for auditing insurance companies, the preparation of auditor's reports for such companies, and the auditing of key financial items in the insurance business • Forensic Audit o Forensic auditing is a specialized area within auditing, and this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of its background, definition, and importance. It distinguishes forensic audits from financial audits and discusses the use of the fraud triangle by forensic auditors, relevant laws, standards, compliance issues, and the limitations of forensic auditing. • Audit in a Computerized Environment o This chapter addresses the challenges and strategies associated with auditing in a computerized environment. It covers audit strategies and approaches, computer-assisted audit techniques (CAATs), types of internal control in computerized information systems (CIS)/electronic data processing (EDP) environments, audit trails, and the implications of auditing in a computerized setting based on SA 315 and SA 330

Download or read book UGC NET JRF Commerce Book Business Management Human Resource Management 2022 Edition written by Daniel Robert and published by Innovative Institute. This book was released on with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Statutory Auditors Independence in Protecting Stakeholders Interest written by Mitrendu Narayan Roy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-20 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate failures and accounting scandals have shaken the foundations of investors’ confidence in the transparency, integrity and accountability of corporations and financial markets. There have also been public disquiet about the role of professional auditors and audit firms, who had been associated with these corporate scandals. Written from a global perspective, the book assists in understanding the gravity of independent attitude of statutory auditors in protecting stakeholders’ interest and examines the effectiveness of the existing standards and other legal and regulatory requirements in enforcing statutory auditors’ independent engagement. It then suggests modifications in those regulations. The study has been made through seven chapters in order to address empirically statutory auditors’ independence in protecting stakeholders’ interest. Primary audiences of the book are researchers in finance and control, students, and professionals in the field of accounting and auditing.

Download or read book Accounting written by Gaurav JANGRA and published by . This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Accounting (All in One) has been written afresh and covered all area of accounting i.e. Financial Accounting, Corporate Accounting, Partnership Accounting, Cost and Management Accounting and Auditing and whole syllabus of Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing for UGC NET Commerce as per new syllabus 2019. The whole syllabus is divided into different units. Each unit covered all contents /topics in details in order to meet the requirement of almost all universities Syllabus. Several new Concepts and Multi Choice Questions taken as per according to latest examination pattern have been Incorporated as latest practical problems and MCQs with explanation at the end of each unit. I have made every effort every effort to remove the printing errors from the book. Even then if the readers come across any error they are requested to point out the same to me, I am confident that this book will be very useful for Commerce, Management and UGC NET Aspirants.Constructive criticism and suggestions for improvement of the book are most welcome.

Download or read book AUDITING written by Dr. Zubair Ahmad and published by Thakur Publication Private Limited. This book was released on 2024-05-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purchase e-Book of AUDITING in English Language of B.Com 6th Semester for all U.P. State Universities Common Minimum Syllabus as per NEP. Published By Thakur Publication.

Download or read book UGC NET JRF Commerce Book Business Environment International Business Self study and online classes Series written by Dheeraj Kumar Singh and published by Innovative Institute. This book was released on with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is specially written for UGC NET JRF Commerce Examination. The Book consists of a chapter-wise bifurcation of the previous Year's question paper of UGC NET JRF since 2005 and covers a large number of questions for practice asked in different examinations. Special feature of this book Self-study and online classes Series The book is divided into small Chapters The book is prepared on the basis of UGC NET JRF standard Each Chapter is supported by a large number of questions such as Previous year's NET JRF Examination questions other different-different levels of examinations questions and questions prepared by our subject expert faculty Unit-wise & Chapter wise material

Download or read book Objective Question Commerce Financial Accounting written by Dheeraj Kumar Singh and published by Innovative Institute. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Useful for all Commerce competitive examination where Objective Questions are asked like College Lecturer, Assistant Professor, UGC NET JRF Commerce, SET Commerce, Phd Entrance, Accounts Officers, PGT Commerce, M.Com Entrance etc.

Download or read book Objective Question Commerce Cost Management Accounting written by Dheeraj Kumar Singh and published by Innovative Institute. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Useful for all Commerce competitive examination where Objective Questions are asked like College Lecturer, Assistant Professor, UGC NET JRF Commerce, SET Commerce, Phd Entrance, Accounts Officers, PGT Commerce, M.Com Entrance etc.

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Download or read book Principles and Practice of Auditing written by Dr. Nazia Sultana and published by Walnut Publication. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enormous growth in trade and commerce as a result of industrial revolution and subsequent liberalisation of trade has placed tremendous pressures on accounting and auditing professionals. Reliable information that facilitates business decisions is affected by rapid growth of information technology and businesses need sufficient reliable information which can be obtained through some verification performed by independent persons. Auditing has permanently evolved, answering such questions. Governments of many nations mandated companies to make provisions for accounts of companies to be checked and reported by people other than the managers of the company. Given the non- transparent governance practices in boards and management of big corporations, it becomes imperative to adopt strict auditing and corporate governance practices. This book is an attempt to introduce to learners the concept of auditing and its relevance in current times. The growing importance of auditing can be gauged from the formulation of auditing standards; this aspect of standards of auditing and procedure for issue of standards of auditing by AASB has been discussed extensively in this book. The book also renders to its readers an understanding of auditor’s duties and liabilities, explained diagrammatically alongside imparting knowledge on commencement of auditing and auditing process. It also describes in detail the mechanisms of internal control, internal check and internal audit, highlighting the differences between these three concepts. The process of vouching, which is the foundation of audit process, is well documented for vouching of trading and cash transactions. As information technology has become pervasive in every field, auditing is no exception and therefore the author attempted to describe auditing in an EDP environment. Readers of the book would find it interesting to read about verification and valuation of assets and comprehend the role of audit committees and audit reports. The book would serve as an essential reading for all students of Commerce and those pursuing professional courses of accounting and auditing. It also comes handy for students pursuing B.Com. from Universities in the State of Telangana as the book is planned and written in accordance with the revised CBCS syllabus.