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Book Joint U S Geological Survey U S Nuclear Regulatory Commission Workshop on Research Related to Low level Radioactive Waste Disposal May 4 6 1993 National Center Reston Virginia

Download or read book Joint U S Geological Survey U S Nuclear Regulatory Commission Workshop on Research Related to Low level Radioactive Waste Disposal May 4 6 1993 National Center Reston Virginia written by Peter Ryan Stevens and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Bibliography of Reports by U S Geological Survey Personnel on Studies of Underground Nuclear Test Sites and on Waste Management Studies at the Nevada Test Site and the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site New Mexico January 1 1983 to December 31 1984

Download or read book Bibliography of Reports by U S Geological Survey Personnel on Studies of Underground Nuclear Test Sites and on Waste Management Studies at the Nevada Test Site and the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site New Mexico January 1 1983 to December 31 1984 written by V. M. Glanzman and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Bibliography of Reports by U S Geological Survey Personnel Pertaining to Underground Nuclear Testing and Radioactive Waste Disposal at the Nevada Test Site

Download or read book Bibliography of Reports by U S Geological Survey Personnel Pertaining to Underground Nuclear Testing and Radioactive Waste Disposal at the Nevada Test Site written by V. M. Glanzman and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Selection and Investigation of Sites for the Disposal of Radioactive Wastes in Hydraulically Induced Subsurface Fractures

Download or read book Selection and Investigation of Sites for the Disposal of Radioactive Wastes in Hydraulically Induced Subsurface Fractures written by Ren Jen Sun and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injection of intermediate-level radioactive wastes (specific activity of less than 6 x 103γCi/mL, consisting mainly of radionuclides, such as strontium and cesium, having half-lives of less than 50 years) mixed with cement into a thick shale formation is a promising and feasible disposal method. Hydraulic fracturing provides openings in the shale to accommodate the wastes. Ion exchange and radionuclide-adsorption materials can be added to the grout during mixing to further increase the radionuclide-retaining capacity of the grout. After solidification of the grout, the injected wastes become an integral part of the shale formation, and therefore the wastes will remain at depth and in place as long as the injection zone is not subjected to erosion or dissolution. Problems concerning safety of the disposal method are (1) the potential for inducing vertical fractures, (2) phase separation during and after the injections, (3) the reliability of methods for determining the orientation of induced fractures, (4) the possibility of triggering earthquakes, and (5) radionuclides being leached and transported by ground water. In bedded shale, a difference between tensile strength normal to and that parallel to bedding planes favors the formation of fractures along bedding planes that are nearly horizontal. Even in areas where vertical stress is slightly greater than the horizontal stresses, nearly horizontal bedding-plane fractures can be hydraulically induced in shale at depths less than 1,000 meters. Test injections should be made during site evaluation to determine if horizontal bedding-plane fractures can be induced. The orientation of induced fractures can be indirectly monitored by recording injection pressures during injection time and by measuring the decay of water injections and the uplift of ground surface after the injections; however, it can be directly determined by gamma-ray logs made in observation wells before and after each injection, if the injected fluid or wastes contain enough gamma-ray emitting radionuclides. If waste grout is properly mixed, phase separation should be less than one percent of the total amount injected. The mobility of waste in the separated liquid is further decreased by the low permeability (less than 10−6 darcy) and the large ion-exchange and adsorption capacity of shale, which thus reduce the potential for contamination. Grout injections do not cause extensive increases in pore pressure within shale, and a disposal site should be located in a geologically stable and tectonically relaxed area, that is, an area lacking local active faults. Thus a disposal in shale in such areas can avoid the two necessary and essential conditions for triggering earthquakes by fluid injections, an increase in pore pressure and rock already stressed near its breaking strength. Waste injections are made in several stages at different levels through an injection well. After the first series of injections at the greatest depth, the well is plugged by cement at that depth. The second series of injections are made a suitable distance above the first. The repeated use of the injection well distributes the cost of constructing injection and monitoring wells over many injections, thereby making hydraulic fracturing and grout injection economically attractive as a method for the disposal of radioactive wastes. Theoretical considerations about inducing nearly horizontal beddingplane fractures in shale are discussed, as are field procedures for site selection, safety, and the monitoring and operation of radioactive waste disposal. Case histories are used as examples to demonstrate the application of the theory and techniques of field operations.

Book Report to the U S Congress and the U S Secretary of Energy

Download or read book Report to the U S Congress and the U S Secretary of Energy written by United States. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Safe Disposal of Radionuclides in Low level Radioactive Waste Repository Sites

Download or read book Safe Disposal of Radionuclides in Low level Radioactive Waste Repository Sites written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: See journals under US Geological survey. Circular 1036.

Book Geologic and Hydrologic Investigations of a Potential Nuclear Waste Disposal Site at Yucca Mountain Southern Nevada

Download or read book Geologic and Hydrologic Investigations of a Potential Nuclear Waste Disposal Site at Yucca Mountain Southern Nevada written by Michael D. Carr and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Hydrogeologic Factors in the Selection of Shallow Land Burial Sites for the Disposal of Low level Radioactive Waste

Download or read book Hydrogeologic Factors in the Selection of Shallow Land Burial Sites for the Disposal of Low level Radioactive Waste written by John N. Fischer and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: See journals under US Geological survey. Circular 973.

Book The Disposal of Radioactive Waste on Land

Download or read book The Disposal of Radioactive Waste on Land written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Waste Disposal and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1957 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main difficulties to the injection method recognized at present are to prevent clogging of pore space as the solutions are pumped into the rock and the prediction or control of the rate and direction of movement. This initial report is presented in advance of research and development having been done to determine many scientific, engineering and economic factors, and, in the absence of essential data, represents considered judgments subject to verification.

Book Workshops for State Review Site Suitability Criteria for High level Radioactive Waste Repositories Discussion group reports

Download or read book Workshops for State Review Site Suitability Criteria for High level Radioactive Waste Repositories Discussion group reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: