Download or read book Types Grammar written by Kyle Simpson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "You Don't Know JS" series takes a closer look at the features of JavaScript that developers find confusing, and therefore avoid, or use incorrectly. This book focuses on the type system in JavaScript, which is subject to a number of misconceptions.

Download or read book Anaphora and Type Logical Grammar written by Gerhard Jäger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-08 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type Logical Grammar is a framework that emerged from the synthesis of two traditions: Categorial Grammar from formal linguistics and substructural logics from logic. Grammatical composition is conceived as resource conscious logical deduction. Such a grammar is necessarily surface oriented and lexicalistic. The Curry-Howard correspondence supplies an elegant compositional mapping from syntax to semantics. Anaphora does not seem to fit well into this framework. In type logical deductions, each resource is used exactly once. Anaphora, however, is a phenomenon where semantic resources are used more than once. Generally admitting the multiple use of lexical resources is not possible because it would lead to empirical inadequacy and computational intractability. This book develops a hybrid architecture that allows to incorporate anaphora resolution into grammatical deduction while avoiding these consequences. To this end, the grammar logic is enriched with a connective that specifically deals with anaphora. After giving a self-contained introduction into Type Logical Grammar in general, the book discusses the formal properties of this connective. In the sequel, Jäger applies this machinery to numerous linguistic phenomena pertaining to the interaction of pronominal anaphora, VP ellipsis and quantification. In the final chapter, the framework is extended to indefiniteness, specificity and sluicing.

Download or read book Type Logical Syntax written by Yusuke Kubota and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel logic-based framework for representing the syntax-semantics interface of natural language, applicable to a range of phenomena. In this book, Yusuke Kubota and Robert Levine propose a type-logical version of categorial grammar as a viable alternative model of natural language syntax and semantics. They show that this novel logic-based framework is applicable to a range of phenomena—especially in the domains of coordination and ellipsis—that have proven problematic for traditional approaches. The type-logical syntax the authors propose takes derivations of natural language sentences to be proofs in a particular kind of logic governing the way words and phrases are combined. This logic builds on and unifies two deductive systems from the tradition of categorial grammar; the resulting system, Hybrid Type-Logical Categorial Grammar (Hybrid TLCG) enables comprehensive approaches to coordination (gapping, dependent cluster coordination, and right-node raising) and ellipsis (VP ellipsis, pseudogapping, and extraction/ellipsis interaction). It captures a number of intricate patterns of interaction between scopal operators and seemingly incomplete constituents that are frequently found in these two empirical domains. Kubota and Levine show that the hybrid calculus underlying their framework incorporates key analytic ideas from competing approaches in the generative syntax literature to offer a unified and systematic treatment of data that have posed considerable difficulties for previous accounts. Their account demonstrates that logic is a powerful tool for analyzing the deeper principles underlying the syntax and semantics of natural language.

Download or read book An Introduction to Word Grammar written by Richard Hudson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-29 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Word grammar is a theory of language structure and is based on the assumption that language, and indeed the whole of knowledge, is a network, and that virtually all of knowledge is learned. It combines the psychological insights of cognitive linguistics with the rigour of more formal theories. This textbook spans a broad range of topics from prototypes, activation and default inheritance to the details of syntactic, morphological and semantic structure. It introduces elementary ideas from cognitive science and uses them to explain the structure of language including a survey of English grammar.

Download or read book Cambridge Advanced Learner s Dictionary written by Kate Woodford and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.

Download or read book Sentence Types and Punctuation written by Ann Riggs and published by Franklin Watts. This book was released on 2012-09 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everyone knows that books on grammar are among the most boring on the planet, right? Read Understanding Grammar and find out how wrong you can be! Written in an easy-to-understand style and packed with plenty of imaginative and exciting examples, these six books clarify rules, offer practical help to the struggling young wordsmith and generally lead an enjoyable way through the tangled thicket that is - or is that which is? - English grammar.

Download or read book An Introduction to English Sentence Structure written by Andrew Radford and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-15 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of Andrew Radford's outstanding resource for students is a step-by-step, practical introduction to English syntax and syntactic principles, written by a globally-renowned expert in the field. Assuming little or no prior background in syntax, Radford outlines key concepts and how they can be used to describe various aspects of English sentence structure. Each chapter contains core modules focusing on a specific topic, a summary recapitulating the main points of the chapter, and a bibliographical section providing references to original source material. This edition has been extensively updated, with new analyses, exercise materials, references and a brand-new chapter on adjuncts. Students will benefit from the online workbook, which contains a vast amount of exercise material for each module, including self-study materials and a student answerbook for these. Teachers will value the extensive PowerPoints outlining module contents and the comprehensive teacher answerbook, which covers all workbook and PowerPoint exercises.

Download or read book Point of View and Grammar written by Joanne Scheibman and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes that subjective expression shapes grammatical and lexical patterning in American English conversation. Analyses of structural and functional properties of English conversational utterances indicate that the most frequent combinations of subject, tense, and verb type are those that are used by speakers to personalize their contributions, not to present unmediated descriptions of the world. These findings are informed by current research and practices in linguistics which argue that the emergence, or conventionalization, of linguistic structure is related to the frequency with which speakers use expressions in discourse. The use of conversational data in grammatical analysis illustrates the local and contingent nature of grammar in use and also raises theoretical questions concerning the coherence of linguistic categories, the viability of maintaining a distinction between semantic and pragmatic meaning in analytical practice, and the structural and social interplay of speaker point of view and participant interaction in discourse.

Download or read book Formal Grammar written by Robert Levine and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992-03-05 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second volume in the Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science series, this collection presents recent work in the fields of phonology, morphology, semantics, and neurolinguistics. Its overall theme is the relationship between the contents of grammatical formalisms and their real-time realizations in machine or biological systems. Individual essays address such topics as learnability, implementability, computational issues, parameter setting, and neurolinguistic issues. Contributors include Janet Dean Fodor, Richard T. Oehrle, Bob Carpenter, Edward P. Stabler, Elan Dresher, Arnold Zwicky, Mary-Louis Kean, and Lewis P. Shapiro.

Download or read book Formal Grammar written by Philippe de Groote and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-06 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Formal Grammar 2009, held in Bordeaux, France, in July 2009. The 13 revised full papers presented, including two invited talks, were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions. These articles in this book give an overview of new and original research on formal grammar, mathematical linguistics and the application of formal and mathematical methods to the study of natural language.

Download or read book The Middle School Grammar Toolkit written by Sean Ruday and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-05-17 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teaching grammar can be overwhelming and is often an overlooked part of effective instruction. The Middle School Grammar Toolkit to the rescue! Now in its second edition, this comprehensive guide makes grammar instruction fun and meaningful. You will learn how to: Teach grammar in a practical and applicable way by presenting each grammar rule as a useful writing tool for students. Use mentor texts—excerpts from great literature—to help students understand grammar in action. Promote metacognition along the way, so that students become responsible for their own learning. Implement innovative instructional strategies and tools aligned with Common Core and other state standards. Throughout the book, you’ll find step-by-step recommendations for teaching grammatical concepts, such as understanding intensive pronouns, choosing language that expresses ideas precisely, forming verbs in different moods, and maintaining consistency in style and tone, and much, much more. Organized to help students meet the Common Core State Standards and other state language standards for Grades 6–8, the book includes tips addressing teaching for each of these grades, classroom snapshots that show you the tools in action, and specific instructional recommendations to engage students. New! The second edition features revised classroom snapshots and exemplars to showcase successful practices, and new flowcharts to visually represent instructional recommendations. The expanded, free annotated bibliography is updated to include contemporary, high-quality young adult literature and gives examples of key grammatical concepts found in each work. These resources are available as Supplemental Downloads on our website.

Download or read book English Grammar written by Angela Downing and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-09-27 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This award-winning grammar course book provides the basis for linguistic courses and projects on translation, contrastive linguistics, stylistics, reading and discourse studies. Accessible and reader-friendly throughout, key features include: chapters divided into modules of class-length materials each new concept clearly explained and highlighted authentic texts from a wide range of sources, both spoken and written, to illustrate grammatical usage clear chapter and module summaries enabling efficient class preparation and student revision.

Download or read book Grammar First written by Ray Barker and published by Nelson Thornes. This book was released on 2002 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Grammar First series examines modelled text to illustrate grammatical rules. The texts encourage students to apply the grammar they learn and to consolidate it in their writing across all curriculum subjects. Each text is accompanied by three categories of activity: - Read on!, - Write on! and - Over to you!

Download or read book Jumpstart Grammar written by Pie Corbett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-23 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated to help teachers deal with the new 2016 Grammar Tests, this second edition presents a collection of simple to use, multi-sensory games and activities that will jumpstart pupils’ understanding of grammar in action It includes coverage of the subjunctive and past progressive, selecting which tense is the most definite, identifying when a word is used as a subordinating conjunction/preposition, explaining how a comma can change meaning, and an increased emphasis on the passive. Jumpstart! Grammar will prepare children for any grammar tests on the horizon in an engaging way so that they love playing with words and spinning sentences to make ideas dance. And, of course, they will be able to name the parts if that is what is required. Fun games will focus first on helping children hear the difference various types of grammar can make followed by activities to help them understand what different effects you can create with grammar. Technical terms will only be introduced once the children have established what the various features can do, with a particular focus on those terms that really help children discuss what makes language coherent and effective. This indispensable, practical book celebrates the joys of language and coherent expression; of finding just the right words or phrases to express what you want to say.

Download or read book The Elements of Style written by William Strunk Jr. and published by Arcturus Publishing. This book was released on 2023-10-01 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1918, William Strunk Jr.'s The Elements of Style is a guide to writing in American English. The boolk outlines eight "elementary rules of usage", ten "elementary principles of composition", "a few matters of form", a list of 49 "words and expressions commonly misused", and a list of 57 "words often misspelled". A later edition, enhanced by E B White, was named by Time magazine in 2011 as one of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since 1923.

Download or read book Grammar and Conceptualization written by Ronald W. Langacker and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 1999 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grammar and Conceptualization documents some major developments in the theory of cognitive grammar during the last decade. By further articulating the framework and showing its application to numerous domains of linguistic structure, this book substantiates the claim that lexicon, morphology, and syntax form a gradation consisting of assemblies of symbolic structures (form-meaning pairings).

Download or read book The Compendium of American English Grammar written by Barry Davis and published by Wheatmark, Inc.. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Compendium of American English Grammar: For Advanced ESL Speakers is an easy-to-use grammar reference book for nonnative English speakers who have progressed beyond the classroom. Topics include: • definite and indefinite articles • noun categories • twelve official verb tenses • two unofficial verb tenses • gerunds and infinitives • stative verbs • phrasal verbs • correct placement of adverbs • negation • question formation • individual function words • standard numbers and shortcuts • formal and informal language • mistakes that native speakers make • pronunciation and grammar • and much more Filled with examples and detailed explanations of the trickiest sentence patterns, The Compendium of American English Grammar is the ideal book for students, business executives, new and longtime US residents, and others who want to perfect their English skills.