Download or read book Two Essays on the Nonprofit Sector written by Richard Steven Steinberg and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inventing the Nonprofit Sector and Other Essays on Philanthropy Voluntarism and Nonprofit Organizations written by Peter Dobkin Hall and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philanthropy and voluntarism are among the most familiar and least understood of American institutions. The oldest American nonprofit corporation -- Harvard College -- dates from 1636, but most of the million or so nonprofits currently in existence were established after 1960. In "Inventing the Nonprofit Sector" and Other Essays on Philanthropy, Voluntarism, and Nonprofit Organizations cultural historian Peter Dobkin Hall describes and analyzes the development of America's fastest growing institutional sector.
Download or read book The Marketization of Nonprofits written by Sophie Hersberger-Langloh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis deals with the concept and consequences of marketization in the nonprofit sector. Marketization describes the process of nonprofit organizations becoming more business-like and is caused, among other things, by increased competition for scarce resources, the rise of professionalism, and calls for more transparency and efficiency by funders and the public. Research about marketization is inconclusive; some researchers believe marketization can increase not only efficiency, but also effectiveness of organizations, while others fear that nonprofits lose their focus on a social mission. The four articles presented in this thesis focus on the theoretical and practical implications of nonprofits relying more on earned income, a dominant feature of marketization, and nonprofits actively and passively adopting management practices and tools from the for-profit sector, another key characteristic of increased marketization. The results show that marketization can increase the economic and social performance of an organization, and, when handled well and implemented through a clear strategic focus, foster mission achievement. Particularly the focus on beneficiaries and internal processes can help organizations to better fulfill their mission. A loss of focus on the mission must be feared if regulatory forces act on the organization without a simultaneous professionalization of management, or if an organization focuses too much on its competitors.
Download or read book Two Essays on Nonprofit Finance written by Heng Qu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of two essays on nonprofit finance. Nonprofit finance concerns obtaining and managing financial resources to support the social purposes of nonprofit organizations. A unique feature of nonprofit finance is that nonprofits derive revenue from a variety of sources. Nonprofit finance thus involves answering two fundamental questions: What is the optimal combination of revenue sources that supports a nonprofit to achieve its mission? Where and how to obtain the revenue sources? The two dissertation essays address these two questions respectively. The first essay, titled "Modern Portfolio Theory and the Optimization of Nonprofit Revenue Mix," is among the first to properly apply modern portfolio theory (MPT) from corporate finance to nonprofit finance. By analyzing nonprofit tax return data, I estimate the expected return and risk characteristics for five nonprofit revenue sources as well as the correlations among these returns. I use the estimates to identify the efficient frontiers for nonprofits in different industries, based on which nonprofit managers can select an optimal portfolio that can minimize the risk given a preferred level of service provision or maximize the return given a level of risk. The findings also pose a challenge to the predominant approach used in previous nonprofit finance studies (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index) and suggest that MPT is theoretically and practically more helpful in guiding nonprofit revenue management. The second essay, titled "Charitable Giving in Nonprofit Service Associations: Identities, Incentives, and Gender Differences," concerns nonprofit resource attainment, specifically, how do decisionmaking contexts and framing affect donations. Membership in a service club is characterized by two essential elements: members' shared interest in the club's charitable mission; and private benefits that often come as a result of social interactions with other members, such as networking, fellowship, and fun. A laboratory experiment was designed to examine 1) whether membership in a service club makes a person more generous and 2) the effect of service club membership—stressing either the service or socializing aspects—on individual support for collective goods. The study finds that female individuals are the least generous when they are reminded of the socializing aspect of service-club membership.
Download or read book Making the Nonprofit Sector in the United States written by David C. Hammack and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in paperback Making the Nonprofit Sector in the United States A Reader Edited with Introductions by David C. Hammack "Masterfully mining and sifting a four-century historical record, David Hammack has composed an extraordinarily valuable volume: a 'one-stop-shopping' sourcebook on the secular and religious origins and the astonishing growth (and periodic growing pains) of America's nonprofit sector--and the challenges and dilemmas it confronts today." --John Simon, Yale University "It is a delight to see an anthology on nonprofit history done so well." --Barry Karl, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University "This is a volume that everyone concerned about nonprofits--scholar, practitioner, and citizen--will find useful and illuminating." --Peter Dobkin Hall, Program on Non-Profit Organizations Yale Divinity School "A remarkable book." --Robert Putnam, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University "An outstanding and timely collection of essential readings for students, researchers and practitioners, carefully edited and introduced by one of the leading historical authorities on the nonprofit sector." --Roseanne M. Mirabella, Center for Public Service, Seton Hall University Unique among nations, the United States conducts almost all of its formally organized religious activity, as well as many cultural, arts, human service, educational, and research activities, through private nonprofit organizations. This reader explores their history by presenting some of the classic documents in the development of the nonprofit sector along with important interpretations and critiques by recent scholars. David C. Hammack is Hiram C. Haydon Professor of History and Chair of the Committee on Educational Programs of the Mandel Center for Nonprofit Organizations at Case Western Reserve University. Philanthropic Studies--Dwight F. Burlingame and David C. Hammack, general editors
Download or read book The Nature of the Nonprofit Sector written by J. Steven Ott and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nature of the Nonprofit Sector features the most insightful and influential readings on the nature, place, and roles of the nonprofit sector—the sector that sits between the market and government. This book discusses everything from Andrew Carnegie's turn-of-the-century philosophy of philanthropy to the most recent writings by current scholars and practitioners from a wide variety of perspectives and disciplines. The second edition has been thoroughly revised and updated with the latest scholarship on the nonprofit sector, including new essays that analyze its theory, history, and organization; its tax-exemption status; and its blending with government sectors. Additional new selections explore social theories of nonprofit organizations and theories of giving and philanthropy. Also new to this edition is a section on the international nonprofit sector. Each part opens with a framing essay that identifies central themes and issues and provides an overview of sometimes competing points of view. Thorough, topical, and accessible to students, this is the ideal text for courses on nonprofit organizations and management.
Download or read book Investments in and for Nonprofit Organizations written by Sara Stühlinger and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-12-19 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The value-driven nature of nonprofit organizations calls for a broader understanding of investments outside of a purely financial conceptualization. Nonprofits ultimately strive for a social return, and allocating resources to nonprofit capacities is a vital form of investments. The four chapters of this thesis examine two types of nonprofit investments, impact investing and investments in nonprofit capacities, and focus on their influencing factors and effects. The findings reveal that strategic behavior and planning are crucial management tasks. The blurring of social and financial logics offers opportunities that if accompanied by a clear strategy enhances the work of nonprofits.
Download or read book Essays on Nonprofit Competition written by Bijetri Bose and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The predominant objective of this dissertation is the analysis of competition among nonprofits in a market. The focus is on exploring nonprofit behavior in markets in which they demand revenue from various sources. Chapters 1 and 2 of this dissertation examine the effects of nonprofit competition on the receipt of charitable donations and the extent of revenue diversification of an organization, while Chapter 3 evaluates the performance of a fundraising mechanism in the presence of one or more nonprofits in a market. The nonprofit sector has been expanding rapidly over the past decade, particularly in the United States (US). The reasons for such a growth - the shrinking government sector along with the increasing demand for the goods and services provided by nonprofit organizations - is easy to understand. What is unclear are the consequences of the unrestrained proliferation of nonprofit organizations, especially in the absence of a corresponding increase in the resources to sustain such an expansion. Herein, lies the motivation underlying this dissertation. In addition, each chapter also seeks to provide guidance to nonprofit managers and policy makers about feasible strategies in an increasingly competitive environment. In the first chapter, I empirically estimate the effect of nonprofit competition on the charitable donations received by them. The total impact of competition is decomposed into two effects to capture the two different channels through which nonprofit competition can affect charitable donations. First, is the fundraising effect that examines the change in donations caused by adjustments in the fundraising efforts of nonprofits in response to varying degrees of competition. Second, the non-fundraising effect examines the changes in donations caused by competition driven adjustments in other organizational strategies, including management expenses, changes in the mission statement and shifts in volunteer reliance. The estimation is conducted at the nonprofit and aggregate levels, using a simple instrumental variable regression approach on US public charity data obtained from their annual tax returns from 1998-2003. The key finding of this chapter is that an increase in nonprofit competition leads to a decrease in the average amount of charitable donations received. At the same, the aggregate donations by all donors in a market increases marginally due to greater nonprofit competition, indicating the probability of wasteful shifting of donor contributions between organizations. The second chapter, then, goes on to take a broader view of nonprofit finances by investigating the effect of nonprofit competition on the extent of revenue diversification of the organizations. Though there exists an extensive discussion on the importance of revenue diversification for nonprofits, the question of how the revenue diversification strategy evolves with market competition has not been considered. This chapter seeks to contribute to the literature through an empirical examination of how the nonprofit competition influences the level of revenue diversification. The theoretical prediction derived from the transaction cost theory is that nonprofit competition will have a negative effect on revenue diversification. However, based on the econometric methods applied to a sample of US public charities, similar to the one used in the previous chapter, I do not find convincing evidence that nonprofits change their income portfolio in response to increasing competition in a market. Growing nonprofit competition reduces the receipt of charitable donations by a typical nonprofit organization. In such a situation, there is also no indication that nonprofits increasingly seek to sustain themselves by looking towards multiple sources of revenue. Given the dominance of private contributions in the income portfolio of nonprofits, it will be useful to focus on mechanisms adopted by nonprofits to raise charitable donations. Because nonprofit level data, that is aggregated over donors, cannot be utilized to study individual behavior, I adopt a different method in the final chapter of this dissertation. In the third chapter, which is a joint work with Sergey Rabotyagov, we experimentally examine the effect of using lotteries in conjunction with provision points to finance public goods. While the existence of a threshold reduces free-riding, it does not completely eliminate the incentive of individuals to donate zero for the public good. This prompts the question of whether there is a fundraising mechanism that works better in raising funds. Our proposed use of a lottery along with the threshold requirement is compared to the provision point mechanism in a laboratory experimental setup. We also test a modification of our lottery design that is ideal for situations with multiple threshold public goods. This new mechanism eases the coordination among the potential donors and prevents the diversions of contributions for the lottery prize. We find that the lottery with provision point outperforms the provision point mechanism by increasing the frequency with which the public good is provided as well as the amount of average individual contribution. The findings have implications for crowdfunding websites that have becoming an increasingly popular tool used by nonprofits for the provision of public goods.
Download or read book Civil Society Concepts Challenges Contexts written by Michael Hoelscher and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-10 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of original essays prepared by colleagues, collaborators, and former students on the occasion of Helmut K. Anheier’s 65th birthday and retirement from the University of Heidelberg. An internationally recognized pioneer of nonprofit and civil society studies, Anheier focused his work on providing clarity around (1) civil society, local and global, observing its origins and trajectory and developing theories to explain it; (2) the nonprofit sector and institutions within and extending from it, including nonprofit organizations, philanthropy and social investment; and (3) culture as it relates to democracy and back to civil society. The essays in this volume refer to these concepts and position them in the context of developments over the last two to three decades. The volume is arranged in three sections. The first section comprises essays that elucidate concepts and probe theories in the field. The second section presents chapters discussing current global challenges and trends in the focal areas. The third and final section then comprises country and regional case studies illustrating important aspects of the global challenges or theoretical issues of the two preceding sections. A fascinating and up-to-date overview of key issues and trends in civil society and nonprofit research by an international collection of eminent scholars in these fields, this book will be attractive to civil society and nonprofit sector researchers as well as a broader academic community of political scientists, sociologists, economists, and cultural experts.
Download or read book Understanding Nonprofit Organizations written by J. Steven Ott and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Nonprofit Organizations features the most insightful classic and recent articles on managing nonprofit organizations in the United States. Selected writings from scholars, consultants, and practicing executives focus on governing, leading, and managing nonprofit organizations and how nonprofits differ from the public and private sectors. Completely revised and updated with twenty new readings, the second edition speaks to the most crucial issues facing today's leaders and managers of nonprofit organizations. Each part opens with a framing essay that identifies central issues and summarizes the contribution each reading has made to the field. With topics covering legal frameworks, fundraising, managing volunteers, accountability, and much more, Understanding Nonprofit Organizations remains the most essential and up-to-date compendium of essays on the nonprofit sector.
Download or read book Two Essays in Public Economics written by Marianne Frances Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Making the Nonprofit Sector in the United States written by David C. Hammack and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 1998-12-22 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It is a delight to seen an anthology on nonprofit history done so well."—Barry Karl, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University "This is a volume that everyone concerned about nonprofits—scholar, practitioner, and citizen—will find useful and illuminating."—Peter Dobkin Hall, Program on Non-Profit Organizations Yale Divinity School "A remarkable book."—Robert Putnam, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University [One to come from John Simon, School of Law, Yale University by Jan. 13th and others are being solicited.] Unique among nations, America conducts almost all of its formally organized religious activity, and many cultural, arts, human service, educational, and research activities through private nonprofit organizations. Though partially funded by government, as well as by fees and donations, American nonprofits have pursued their missions with considerable independence. Many have amassed remarkable resources and acquired some of the most impressive hospital, university, performing arts, and museum facilities in the world. While some have amassed large endowments, many that surpass one billion dollars, there are also hundreds of thousands of small nonprofits, most with no tangible resources at all. How did the United States come to rely so heavily on nonprofits? Why has it continued to do so? What purposes do Americans seek to advance through nonprofits? How have Americans sought to control them? How have nonprofits been effected by the growth of government in the twentieth century? These questions suggest the complexity of the history of nonprofits in the United States. To help explore that history, this reader presents some of the classic documents in the development of the nonprofit sector along with important interpretations by recent scholars. The selections can be considered a representative part of a single extended conversation by the men and women who have taken part in the effort to define America and the American dream, even as they shaped what we now call the nonprofit sector. The statements by participants in the growth and development of the nonprofit sector are accompanied by essays written by historians and social scientists that provide concise surveys of important issues and periods. The essays give voice to those whose contributions to the American debate about voluntary associations and private institutions would otherwise be difficult to find or comprehend. The selections can be considered a representative part of a single extended conversation by the men and women who have taken part in the effort to define America and the American dream, even as they shaped what we now call the nonprofit sector. The statements by participants in the growth and development of the nonprofit sector are accompanied by essays written by historians and social scientists that provide concise surveys of important issues and periods. The essays give voice to those whose contributions to the American debate about voluntary associations and private institutions would otherwise be difficult to find or comprehend. Each selection has been chosen to define or illuminate important questions in the development of the nonprofit sector in the United States. Many include criticisms of particular nonprofit efforts, or of nonprofit activity in general. The intention is to provoke thought, not to establish an official list of readings. Though not every point of view could be included, the reader does reflect a general understanding of the nature of the nonprofit sector and its significance in the development of the United States. Philanthropic Studies—Dwight F. Burlingame and David C. Hammack, general editors
Download or read book The Nature of the Nonprofit Sector written by J Steven Ott and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-12 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nature of the Nonprofi t Sector is a collection of insightful and infl uential classic and recent readings on the existence, forms, and functions of the nonprofi t sector--the sector that sits between the market and government. The readings encompass a wide variety of perspectives and disciplines and cover everything from Andrew Carnegie's turn-of-the-century philosophy of philanthropy to the most recent writings of current scholars and practitioners. Each of the text's ten parts opens with a framing essay by the editors that provides an overview of the central themes and issues, as well as the sometimes competing points of view.
Download or read book Nonprofit Organizations and Corporate Responsibility written by Nicholas A. Arnold and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2023-01-06 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within three individual essays, this thesis deals with collaborative and confrontational approaches by NPOs towards companies, and the role these play with respect to corporate responsibility. By drawing on social movement theory, nonprofit-business collaboration literature as well as legitimacy theory, it advances our knowledge regarding two topics: First, this thesis provides answers to the question how successful collaborative and confrontational approaches are individually at influencing households' judgements of companies and of NPOs themselves. Second, it extends our knowledge of interactions between these approaches. With respect to individual effects, this thesis demonstrates that both collaborative and confrontational approaches by NPOs exert a significant effect on households' legitimacy evaluations of companies and subsequently their consumption intentions. Legitimacy also appears as important underlying factor influencing households' support for NPOs, with collaborative NPOs enjoying higher legitimacy and thus support from households than confrontational ones. Concerning interactions between these two types of approaches, this thesis finds confirmation for previous suggestions that contrasting NPO approaches interplay - but demonstrates that such interactions clearly present a double-edged sword. By simultaneously focusing their approach on the same company, both types of NPO suffer a loss in their ability to influence households' perceptions of companies in the way they envision as well as their capability of attaining resources. However, if such approaches are applied sequentially, the picture of these interaction-effects become more positive. These results indicate that NPOs with different approaches towards companies are well advised to work together in a strategic manner in order to maximize their success.
Download or read book UNDERSTANDING NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIO written by STEVEN OTT and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-18 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Nonprofit Organizations examines the most important issues that face today's leaders and managers of nonprofit organizations through the writing of scholars, consultants, and practicing executives. It focuses on governing, leading, and managing nonprofit organizations and how such organizations differ from both the public and private sectors. Each part opens with a framing essay that identifies the central themes and issues and summarizes the significance of the contribution that each piece makes to the development of knowledge in the field. Completely revised and updated, the third edition includes new articles on legal frameworks, philanthropy, managing volunteers and accountability, as well as an original essay on capacity building. In addition, the third edition features new, thought-provoking case studies by C. Kenneth Meyer--making it an even more student-friendly text for graduate and upper-division undergraduate nonprofit organizations and management survey courses.
Download or read book The Nonprofit Sector written by Walter W Powell and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-14 with total page 971 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Timely, unique, and definitive . . . not only chronicles the history of the nonprofit sector but also provides a broad but critical analysis of its current state.” —Vartan Gregorian, President, Carnegie Corporation of New York The nonprofit sector has changed in fundamental ways in recent decades. As the sector has grown in scope and size, both domestically and internationally, the boundaries between for-profit, governmental, and charitable organizations have become intertwined. Nonprofits are increasingly challenged on their roles in mitigating or exacerbating inequality. And debates flare over the role of voluntary organizations in democratic and autocratic societies alike. The Nonprofit Sector takes up these concerns and offers a cutting-edge empirical and theoretical assessment of the state of the field. This book, now in its third edition, brings together leading researchers—economists, historians, philosophers, political scientists, and sociologists along with scholars from communication, education, law, management, and policy schools—to investigate the impact of associational life. Chapters consider the history of the nonprofit sector and of philanthropy; the politics of the public sphere; governance, mission, and engagement; access and inclusion; and global perspectives on nonprofit organizations. Across this comprehensive range of topics, The Nonprofit Sector makes an essential contribution to the study of civil society. Praise for previous editions “Takes a decidedly multidisciplinary approach . . . .invaluable.” —Journal of Policy Analysis and Management “A major contribution to the field.” —Social Forces
Download or read book ESSAYS IN EMPIRICAL CORPORATE FINANCE written by Yinge Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three chapters. First two chapters examines how nonprofit organizations (NPOs) react to the state level minimum wage increases, and the third chapter studies the effect of board interlock on the diffusion of innovation.In the first chapter, I investigate the impact of minimum wage increases on employment. I extend the literature by hypothesizing and showing a differential impact of state-level minimum wage increases on nonprofit organizations relative to for-profit organizations. While I find that increases in minimum wages reduce employment growth in both types of organizations, this decrease is substantially larger for nonprofit organizations. I also find that investment in automation, i.e., information technology, rises in nonprofits post minimum wage increase, consistent with the substitution of capital for labor. Minimum wage increases also increase the likelihood of nonprofit exit. In the second chapter, I investigate how CEO pay in nonprofit organizations responds to an exogeneous increase in labor cost resulting from state-level minimum wage hikes. I find that these increases in labor cost, which constrain budgets, are followed by declines in the total pay of NPO CEOs. In contrast, I do not find an impact on CEO pay in for-profit companies. I attribute the differential response between NPO and for-profit organizations to NPO CEOs acting as stewards of the NPO, whereby they are willing to take less to ensure the continued existence of the enterprise, as well as fulfillment of its mission. This phenomenon has previously been observed in the nonprofit sector and termed labor donation, whereby individuals who work for NPOs are intrinsically motivated and consequently, are willing to work for less money. Cross-sectionally I find the declines in compensation are larger in NPOs headquartered in smaller counties, in counties with higher levels of religiosity, and in counties with greater levels of social capital, and in NPOs that are run by their founders. In the last chapter, I propose that board interlocks can act as a channel of information transmission and social learning, hence enhancing the diffusion of innovation among firms. I find that a firm's patents are more likely to be cited by patents from firms that have common directors (i.e., interlocked firm). The result is robust under a difference-in-differences setting, where the death or retirement of interlocking directors is used as an exogeneous shock to board interlock. The effect is more pronounced for interlocking directors who have longer experience in R&D-intensive industries, have a larger network, and have a higher compensation delta. While I find that board interlock enhances the diffusion of innovation across industries, it has no effect on within-industry knowledge diffusion. Finally, I document that board interlock enhances firms' overall innovation output, measured by patent counts and citation counts per patent. The paper sheds light on an important role played by board of directors in promoting knowledge spillover and innovation.
