Download or read book Two Essays in Empirical Capital Structure written by Carlos Alberto Molina and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Empirical Capital Structure Research written by David Florysiak and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Two Essays on Empirical Tests Related to Capital Structure Theory written by Ning Ma and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses capital structure theories, with special attention to partial-adjustment model. Strategic waiting theory of IPO firms and its relation to market timing theory are also discussed. Two empirical tests related to capital structure theory are included. First one is a test on the relation between a firm's strategic waiting behavior in IPO market and its stock return. Second one is on the relation of a firm's strategic waiting behavior in IPO market and its subsequent capital structure decision.

Download or read book Empirical Capital Structure written by Christopher Parsons and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2009 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical Capital Structure reviews the empirical capital structure literature from both the cross-sectional determinants of capital structure as well as time-series changes.

Download or read book Two Essays on Capital Structure written by Ayla Kayhan and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Empirical Finance written by Yongxian Tan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Empirical Corporate Finance written by Brandon Julio and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second essay follows up on the first by investigating whether debt repurchase activity is consistent with the existence of an optimal capital structure. I find that the timing and size of debt repurchases are consistent with trade-off theories of capital structure. Specifically, the likelihood and size of debt repurchases is increasing in a firm's deviation from its estimated target. The positive abnormal returns around the announcement of repurchases are increasing in the deviation from the target debt level, consistent with an optimal capital structure.

Download or read book Two Essays in Applied Economics and Finance written by Bennett W. Golub and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Empirical Corporate Finance written by Michael W. Faulkender and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation empirically examines facets of the capital structure decision made by firms. The first chapter extends the implications of the theoretical capital structure literature to the cash holdings decision of small firms. The second chapter examines the determinants of the interest rate exposure choice firms make on their incremental debt issues.

Download or read book Essays on Corporate Risk and Capital Structure written by Babak Lotfaliei and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation consists of two essays and five chapters. The first essay in chapter two addresses the zero-leverage puzzle, the observation that many firms do not issue debt and thus seem to forego sizable debt benefits. Based on the trade-off theory, a firm financed with debt saves on taxes, while it faces the debt costs associated with financial distress. Firms issue debt and net a positive gain by trading off costs and benefits. However, zero-levered firms seemingly ignore significant tax advantages associated with debt financing. I propose that this behavior is due to the value in waiting to issue debt and postponing debt costs. By considering the real option of issuing debt, small and risky firms have incentives to postpone debt issuance, even when standard trade-off theory predicts that these firms should have leverage. Thus, the value of debt-free firms should include an option component whose value is derived from future debt issuance benefits. I present a simple model for a firm's optimal issuance with optimal leverage and default, and find the factors that increase the propensity to remain zero-levered: high volatility, high debt costs, low tax levels, low payout rate, and small size. I verify the factors empirically on a sample of zero-leverage (ZL) firms by estimating a survival and a choice model and an out-of-sample test on levered firms.The second essay in chapter three provides an explanation for the underleverage puzzle by relating it to volatility risk premia. As a stylized fact, many firms have lower leverage compared to what the trade-off theory predicts, in particular based on their low asset volatility. In addition, the underleverage is the highest for Investment-Grade (IG) firms. Without volatility risk, the essay empirically documents that underleverage across firms increases with volatility risk premium at the asset level. The result is the motive to present two models with stochastic asset volatility that feature optimal capital structure. With priced asset volatility risk, the models in standard trade-off settings show that a higher premium implies lower leverage; the assets' Variance Risk Premia (VRP) reduce tax benefits and increase debt costs. Empirically, the models' calibration leaves no significant underleverage patterns in the cross-section of the firms. Thus, seemingly underleveraged firms have high asset volatility risk premia relative to their low physical asset volatility, which explains their apparent underleverage. In particular, the largest proportion of the volatility is systematic for IG firms; and, consequently, VRP are the highest. This in turn leads to a lower implied leverage, close to the IG firms' empirical leverage.Chapter four reviews the literature related to the earlier chapters. Chapter five concludes with the main findings and provides venues for the future research." --

Download or read book Capital Structure Dynamics and Risks written by Abdul Rashid and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite ample research on corporate financing decisions, there is a growing interest in deepening our understanding of how firms structure their financing needs. In this dissertation, we build upon previous work on capital structure by examining the impact of firm-specific and macroeconomic risks on the capital structure of UK manufacturing firms. In particular, the dissertation consists of three separate, yet related essays. Each essay intends to serve a specific objective. The essays, in the order in which they appear, are entitled as follows: Essay I: The Response of Firms' Leverage to Risks: Evidence from UK Public versus Non-Public Firms Essay II: Capital Structure Adjustments: Do Macroeconomic and Business Risks Matter? Essay III: Macroeconomic Dynamics, Idiosyncratic Risk, and Firms' Security Issuance Decisions: An Empirical Investigation of UK Manufacturing Firms In the first essay, we empirically investigate whether the sensitivity of leverage to firm-specific (idiosyncratic) and macroeconomic risk differs across publicly listed and privately owned firms. We also study the implications of cash reserves-risk interactions for firms' leverage decisions. Using data from the Financial Analysis Made Easy (FAME) database, the analysis is carried out for a large panel of UK manufacturing firms over the period 1999-2008. The results provide significant evidence that UK manufacturing firms use less short-term debt in their capital structure during periods of high risk. This finding holds for both types of risk. The results on the differential effects of risk across public and non-public firms indicate that while the leverage of non-public firms is more sensitive to firm-specific risk in comparison to their public counterparts, the effects of macroeconomic risk on leverage are similar for both types of firms. The results of the indirect effects of risk show that firms with high levels of cash holdings are more (less) likely to reduce their leverage in periods when firm-specific (macroeconomic) is risk. On the whole, the results that we document in this essay provide strong evidence of the heterogenous sensitivities of leverage to risk across both types of firms and across different levels of firms' cash holdings. Essay II examines how risk affects firms' leverage adjustment decisions. Specifically, in this essay, we study the impact of risk about firms' own business activity and macroeconomic conditions on the speed with which firms adjust their capital structure toward their specific leverage targets. In doing this, we use an annual panel data obtained from the WorldScope file via DataStream for a fairly large sample of quoted UK manufacturing, covering the period 1981-2009. The results suggest that the adjustment is asymmetric and it depends on the magnitude of risk, the type of risk, and whether firms' actual leverage is above or below the target. Further, we find that firms with financial surpluses and above-target leverage adjust their leverage faster when firm-specific risk is low and when macroeconomic risk is high. In contrast, firms with financial deficits and below-target leverage are more likely to align their leverage toward their target in periods when both types of risk are low. Taken as a whole, our results suggest that firms adjust their leverage toward the target very asymmetrically across different levels and types of risk. This finding holds true even when we take into account several firm characteristics known to affect firms' adjustment speeds. The third essay analyzes how risk about firms' own business activity and macroeconomic conditions influences the security issuance decisions of listed UK manufacturing firms appeared on the WorldScope database during the period from 1981-2009. Estimating dynamic panel models using the system GMM estimator, we show that the issuance of new debt is significantly negatively related to idiosyncratic risk while both the issuance of new equity and the use of internally generated funds (retained earnings) are positively related to the risk. In contrast, we find that all these three sources of financing are significantly negatively associated with macroeconomic risk. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the aggregate dynamics of firms' target leverage are significantly negatively linked with these two types of risk. The results, from the debt-equity choice regression, indicate that the effect of both firm-specific and macroeconomic risk is significant and negative, implying that firms are likely to have low debt-equity ratio in periods when either type of risk is high.

Download or read book Essays of Capital Structure Risk Management and Options on Index Futures written by Tzu Tai and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation includes the following three essays involved in the joint determination of capital structure and stock rate of return, fair deposit insurance premium estimation, and the prediction of implied volatility of options on index futures. The first essay identifies the joint determinants of capital structure and stock returns by using three alternative approaches to deal with the measurement error-in-variable problem. The main contribution of this essay is the comprehensive confirmation on theories in corporate finance. The empirical results from the structural equation modeling (SEM) with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) show that stock returns, asset structure, growth, industry classification, uniqueness, volatility and financial rating, profitability, government financial policy, and managerial entrenchment are main factors of capital structure in either market- or book- value basis. Finally, the results in robustness test by using the Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model and the two-stage, least square (2SLS) method show the necessity and importance of latent attributes to describe the trade-off between the financial distress and agency costs in capital structure choice. In the second essay, we use the structural model in terms of the Stair Tree model and barrier option to evaluate the fair deposit insurance premium in accordance with the constraints of the deposit insurance contracts and the consideration of bankruptcy costs. The simulation results suggest that insurers should adopt a forbearance policy instead of a strict policy for closure regulation to avoid losses from bankruptcy costs. An appropriate deposit insurance premium can alleviate potential moral hazard problems caused by a forbearance policy. In the third essay, we use two alternative approaches, time-series and cross-sectional analysis and constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model, to give different perspective of forecasting implied volatility. We use call options on the S & P 500 index futures expired within 2010 to 2013 to do the empirical work. The abnormal returns in our trading strategy indicate the market of options on index futures may be inefficient. The CEV model performs better than Black model because it can generalize implied volatility surface as a function of asset price.

Download or read book Essays on Empirical Macroeconomics written by Jose Villegas (Economics researcher) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation is a collection of independent essays in the field of Empirical Macroeconomics. There are two common themes running through the dissertation. On the one hand, the dissertation emphasizes the role of financial frictions in understanding fluctuations in employment and investment. On the other hand, each essay presents an unrelated causality question in macroeconomics but follows a common approach that combines a detailed research design with a theoretical model to answer it. first chapter studies the role of real estate prices on employment fluctuations. We focus on the relative role of collateral channels on both household and firm sides. To quantify the importance of each channel, we use empirical evidence from Italian municipality data and a quantitative model with financial frictions. First, we exploit variation in property tax changes across municipalities during Italy's 2012 property tax reform. Then, we use the reduced form empirical estimates to calibrate our quantitative model that includes houses and commercial real estate charged with different property tax rates. The calibrated model shows that both collateral channels explain more than 80% of the decline in employment due to lower real estate prices induced by an increase in property taxes. The second chapter studies how a firm's capital structure shapes the investment response during a sovereign debt crisis. To estimate the heterogeneous effect of capital structure on investment response to default risk, we use balance-sheet data for Italian firms during 2007-2015. We find that changes in default risk produce a negative response to investment, which changes with the capital structure. Specifically, the negative response of investment is amplified by at least 55% with higher leverage. However, investment sensitivity could be heightened or attenuated by about 15% with higher maturity, depending on whether firms are highly indebted. We build a partial equilibrium model of investment, short-term and long-term debt, and limited commitment to understanding the mechanisms that explain our empirical results. Our model shows that the effect of debt overhang, rollover risk and its interaction can qualitatively capture the empirical results obtained with Italian data for firms"--Pages vii-viii.

Download or read book Two Essays on Formal Institutions and Debt Finance written by Mengyuan Li and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second essay is on institution and capital structure. Previous studies have examined how various institutional factors (e.g., Index of legal efficiency, Integrity of the legal environment and Corruption perception index) affect capital structure (e.g., Demirguc-Kunt and Maksimovic, 1999; Fan et al., 2011). The second essay focuses on how a country's electoral system may influence firms' capital structure choices. Pagano and Volpin (2005) show that employment protection is stronger in proportional electoral systems than majoritarian electoral system, while investor protection is weaker in proportional electoral systems than majoritarian electoral system. In a proportional electoral system, managers and controlling shareholders tend to issue more debt to protect their interests from employees' requirement of higher compensations. On the other hand, investors in a proportional electoral system are less protected in the stock market so they participate more in the debt market. Furthermore, entrepreneurs in proportional electoral systems are more political powerful and hence can easier to borrow debt with longer maturities. Empirical tests are conducted using firm-year data from 1994 to 2009 in 34 countries. I find that firms issue more debt and more long-term debt in countries with proportional electoral system than those with majoritarian electoral system. In summary, electoral system is an important determinant of firms' capital structure across country.

Download or read book Essays on Capital Structure and Firm Investment written by Yiming Xu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, I study the interactions between firms' capital structure and real decisions. First, I investigate how a firm's financial leverage will impact its investment contingent on whether future growth opportunities are anticipated. Second, I test the under and over investment hypothesis related to debt financing contingent on whether the firm is likely to under or over invest. Last, I investigate how a firm's production technology can impact its production and capital structure decisions. In Chapter 1, I investigate the impact of anticipations of future growth opportunities on leverage-investment interactions. I show that when growth opportunities are unanticipated, the negative impact of leverage on investment is up to two times larger than when they are anticipated. The presence of institutional stockholdings significantly reduces the under investment problem. An instrumental variable analysis reveals that the leverage-investment relationship is weak when the problem of endogeneity is controlled. The results provide strong evidence that Canadian firms take ex ante leverage adjustments to mitigate the debt overhang problem. Chapter 2 studies the extent to which leverage-investment interactions depend on the level of initial investment as well future investment opportunities in US firms. I find a strong negative relationship between leverage and investment for firms with low levels of (initial) investment and high investment opportunities. I also find a positive relationship between leverage and investment for firms with high levels of (initial) investment and low growth opportunities. I distinguish between Tobin's Average Q and Marginal Q as proxies for firms' investment opportunities and propose a novel method to estimate Marginal Q. Chapter 3 is a joint work with Varouj Aivazian. In this chapter, we investigate the interactions between the flexibility of a firm's production and its financial structure. This chapter shows that production flexibility is an important factor explaining the cross sectional variations in financial leverage among U.S. firms. Alternative empirical measures of production flexibility are all shown to be positively associated with financial leverage. This chapter also develops a novel measure of inter-temporal production flexibility and identifies important linkages between production and financing decisions.

Download or read book Two essays on empirical investigations of US capital market data written by Bernt Arne Odegaard and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Empirical Capital Market Research written by Taro Niggemann and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: