Download or read book Tropical Precipitation Simulated by the NCAR Community Climate Model CCM3 an Evaluation Based on TRMM Satellite Measurements written by Jonathan Craig Collier and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluates the simulation of tropical precipitation by the Community Climate Model, Version 3, developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. For an evaluation of the annual cycle of precipitation, monthly-mean precipitation rates from an ensemble of CCM3 simulations are compared to those computed from observations of the TRMM satellite over a 44-month period. On regional and sub-regional scales, the comparison fares well over much of the Eastern Hemisphere south of 10°S and over South America. However, model - satellite differences are large in portions of Central America and the Caribbean, the southern tropical Atlantic, the northern Indian Ocean, and the western equatorial and southern tropical Pacific. Since precipitation in the Tropics is the primary source of latent energy to the general circulation, such large model - satellite difference simply large differences in the amount of latent energy released. Differences are seasonally-dependent north of 10°N, where model wet biases occur in realistic wet seasons or model-generated artificial wet seasons. South of 10°N, the model wet biases exist throughout the year or have no recognizable pattern. For an evaluation of the diurnal cycle of precipitation, hourly-averaged precipitation rates from the same ensemble of simulations and for the same 44-month period are compared to observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Comparisons are made for 15° longitude x 10° latitude boxes and for larger geographical areas within the Tropics. The temporally- and spatially-averaged hourly precipitation rates from CCM3 and from TRMM are fit to the diurnal harmonic by the method of linear least-squares regression, and the phases and the amplitudes of the diurnal cycles are compared. The model's diurnal cycle is too strong over major land masses, particularly over South America (by a factor of 3), and is too weak over many oceans, particularly the northwestern Tropical Pacific (by a factor of 2). The model-satellite phase differences tend to be more homogeneous. The peak in the daily precipitation in the model consistently precedes the observations nearly everywhere. Phase differences are large over Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Saharan Africa, where CCM3 leads TRMM by 4 hours, 5 to 6 hours, and 9 to11 hours respectively. A model sensitivity experiment shows that increasing the convective adjustment time scale in the model's deep convective parameterization reduces its positive amplitude bias over land regions but has no effect on the phase of the diurnal cycle.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Weather Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report of the Science Steering Group for a Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission TRMM written by Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. Science Steering Group and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), a satellite program now being studied jointly by the United States and Japan, would carry out the systematic study of tropical rainfall required for major strides in weather and climate research ... This report presents the scientific justification for TRMM and outlines the implementation process for the scientific community."--Preface.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of the Benefits of Extending the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-09-22 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Launched jointly in 1997 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a satellite mission that placed a unique suite of instruments, including the first precipitation radar, in space. These instruments are used to monitor and predict tropical cyclone tracks and intensity, estimate rainfall, and monitor climate variability (precipitation and sea surface temperature). TRMM has been collecting data for seven years; this data is used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, the National Center for Environmental Prediction, and the National Hurricane Center, among others worldwide. In July 2004, NASA announced that it would terminate TRMM in August 2004. At the request of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the White House, and the science community, NASA agreed to continue TRMM operations through the end of 2004. Meanwhile, NASA asked a National Research Council (NRC) committee to provide advice on the benefits of keeping TRMM in operation beyond 2004. After holding a workshop with a number of experts in the field, the committee found that TRMM will contribute significantly to operations and science if the mission is extended; and therefore, strongly recommends continued operation of TRMM with the caveat that cost and risk will need to be further examined before a final decision about the future of TRMM can be made.
Download or read book TRMM written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interactions Between Land Surface and Climate written by Bo Huang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of the Benefits of Extending the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission written by Committee on the Future of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and published by . This book was released on 2006-08-22 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Launched jointly in 1997 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a satellite mission that placed a unique suite of instruments, including the first precipitation radar, in space. These instruments are used to monitor and predict tropical cyclone tracks and intensity, estimate rainfall, and monitor climate variability (precipitation and sea surface temperature). TRMM has been collecting data for seven years; this data is used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, the National Center for Environmental Prediction, and the National Hurricane Center, among others worldwide. In July 2004, NASA announced that it would terminate TRMM in August 2004. At the request of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the White House, and the science community, NASA agreed to continue TRMM operations through the end of 2004. Meanwhile, NASA asked a National Research Council (NRC) committee to provide advice on the benefits of keeping TRMM in operation beyond 2004. After holding a workshop with a number of experts in the field, the committee found that TRMM will contribute significantly to operations and science if the mission is extended; and therefore, strongly recommends continued operation of TRMM with the caveat that cost and risk will need to be further examined before a final decision about the future of TRMM can be made.
Download or read book 2005 Joint Assembly written by American Geophysical Union. Joint Assembly and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Statistical Relationships of the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission TRMM Precipitation and Large scale Flow written by Kyle J. Borg and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between precipitation and large-flow is important to understand and characterize in the climate system. We examine statistical relationships between the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) 3B42 gridded precipitation and large-scale flow variables in the Tropics for 2000-2007. These variables include NCEP/NCAR Re-analysis sea surface temperatures (SSTs), vertical temperature proifiles, omega, and moist static energy, as well as Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) vertical temperatures and QuikSCAT surface divergence. We perform correlation analysis, empirical orthogonal function analysis, and logistic regression analysis on monthly, pentad, daily and near-instantaneous time scales. Logistic regression analysis is able to incorporate the non-linear nature of precipitation in the relationship. Flow variables are interpolated to the 0.25 °TRMM 3B42 grid and examined separately for each month to o set the effects of the seasonal cycle. January correlations of NCEP/NCAR Re-analysis SSTs and TRMM 3B42 precipitation have a coherent area of positive correlations in the Western and Central Tropical Pacific on all time scales. These areas correspond with the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). 500mb omega is negatively correlated with TRMM 3B42 precipitation across the Tropics on all time scales. QuikSCAT divergence correlations with precipitation have a band of weak and noisy correlations along the ITCZ on monthly time scales in January. Moist static energy, calculated from NCEP/NCAR Re-analysis has a large area of negative correlations with precipitation in the Central Tropical Pacific on all four time scales. The first few Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) of vertical temperature profiles in the Tropical Pacific have similar structure on monthly, pentad, and daily timescales. Logistic regression fit coefficients are large for SST and precipitation in four regions located across the Tropical Pacific. These areas show clear thresholded behavior. Logistic regression results for other variables and precipitation are less clear. The results from SST and precipitation logistic regression analysis indicate the potential usefulness of logistic regression as a non-linear statistic relating precipitation and certain flow variables.
Download or read book Trmm Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is presented. TRMM is a satellite program being studied jointly by the United States and Japan which would carry out the systematic study of tropical rainfall required for major strides in weather and climate research. The scientific justification for TRMM is discussed. The implementation process for the scientific community, NASA management, and the other decision-makers and advisory personnel who are expected to evaluate the priority of the project is outlined. Simpson, Joanne (Editor) Goddard Space Flight Center CLIMATOLOGY; DATA ACQUISITION; METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES; RAIN; TROPICAL METEOROLOGY; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; JAPAN; METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS; REMOTE SENSING...
Download or read book Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region written by R. Krishnan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-12 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses the impact of human-induced global climate change on the regional climate and monsoons of the Indian subcontinent, adjoining Indian Ocean and the Himalayas. It documents the regional climate change projections based on the climate models used in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and climate change modeling studies using the IITM Earth System Model (ESM) and CORDEX South Asia datasets. The IPCC assessment reports, published every 6–7 years, constitute important reference materials for major policy decisions on climate change, adaptation, and mitigation. While the IPCC assessment reports largely provide a global perspective on climate change, the focus on regional climate change aspects is considerably limited. The effects of climate change over the Indian subcontinent involve complex physical processes on different space and time scales, especially given that the mean climate of this region is generally shaped by the Indian monsoon and the unique high-elevation geographical features such as the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Tibetan Plateau and the adjoining Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal. This book also presents policy relevant information based on robust scientific analysis and assessments of the observed and projected future climate change over the Indian region.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Changes in Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission TRMM Retrievals Due to the Orbit Boost Estimated from Rain Gauge Data written by Jeremy DeMoss and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first three-and-a-half years of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the TRMM satellite operated at a nominal altitude of 350 km. To reduce drag, save maneuvering fuel, and prolong the mission lifetime, the orbit was boosted to 403 km in August 2001. The change in orbit altitude produced small changes in a wide range of observing parameters, including field-of-view size and viewing angles. Due to natural climatic variability, it is not possible to evaluate possible changes in precipitation retrievals from the satellite data alone. We estimate changes in TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and the Precipitation Radar (PR) precipitation retrievals due to the orbit boost by comparing them with surface rain gauges on ocean buoys operated by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environment Laboratory (PMEL). For each rain gauge, we compute the bias between the satellite and the gauge for pre- and post-boost time periods. For the TMI, the satellite is biased ~12% low relative to the gauges during the pre-boost period and ~1.5% low during the post-boost period. The mean change in bias relative to the gauges is approximately 0.4 mm day−1. The PR is biased significantly low relative to the gauges during both boost periods. The change in bias is rain rate dependent, with larger changes in areas with higher mean precipitation rates.
Download or read book Influence of the Sea Surface Temperature Decadal Variability on Tropical Precipitation West African and South American Monsoon written by Julián Villamayor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-05 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) patterns of decadal-to-multidecadal variability observed and simulated by 17 general circulation models (GCMs) are analyzed. Furthermore, their impact on precipitation in West Africa and South America and the atmospheric mechanisms involved are assessed. Through this analysis, the effect of external forcings on these impacts and the relative contribution of decadal-to-multidecadal variability patterns of SST to precipitation are presented in depth. Finally, a humid period in the West African region of the Sahel during the 19th century, previously little documented, is analyzed using an atmospheric GCM. The monsoons of West Africa and South America have shown changes in the timescales of a few decades. Previous work suggests a relationship with patterns of decadal-to-multidecadal variability of SST, such as global warming and the Atlantic and Pacific variability. However, the dynamics underlying this relationship and its simulation by current GCMs had not been addressed in a consistent manner. This is the main motivation of this book. The results of this book not only represent a great step forward in our understanding of the changes in the precipitation regimes of the studied regions, but they can also be of great help for the improvement of decadal prediction systems and the associated social consequences.
