Download or read book Tropical Cyclogenesis Within the Critical Layer of Tropical Easterly Waves written by Ali Asaadi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study provides new insight into the longstanding problem in tropical cyclogenesis involving the transformation of tropical easterly waves (EWs) into coherent cyclonic vortices. Observation indicates that only a small fraction of EWs in a single hurricane season become tropical cyclones. However, this small fraction accounts for a large portion of intense hurricanes. Some recent studies proposed the "Marsupial" paradigm and showed that named storms over the Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins are almost all associated with a cyclonic Kelvin cat's eye of an EW critical layer, located equatorward of the easterly jet axis. Yet no definitive study on the mechanism for the formation of the cat's eye has appeared in the literature. It is the purpose of this study to fill this gap. A climatological study of 54 developing EWs during 1998-2001 over the Atlantic and eastern Pacific was conducted using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) reanalysis data. Time-lagged composites in a translating reference frame following the disturbances indicate a weak meridional potential vorticity (PV) gradient of the easterly jet, and a cyclonic critical layer located slightly south of the weak PV gradient. Using closed PV contour as a criterion for the formation of the cat's eye, it was shown that on average, it takes ~2.6 days for open contours to transform to a closed coherent structure. Additionally, it is found that EW train over the Atlantic and eastern Pacific is oriented in a southeast-northwest direction, due to the observed tilt in the easterly jet. Bootstrap analysis was then applied to determine the reliability of the EW train-like pattern in the composite perturbation PV analysis. The results indicate that the coexistence of a nonlinear critical layer and a region of weak meridional PV gradient over several days occurred in only ~25% of the EWs due to the aforementioned geometrical tilt. This geometric criterion may distinguish developing and non-developing disturbances and may constitute a necessary condition for EWs to develop into named storms. It also offers an explanation as to why only a small fraction of EWs contribute to tropical cyclogenesis. Additionally, using asymptotic theory we obtained an analytic time scale that governs the onset of nonlinearity for forced disturbances on a parabolic jet critical layer. This time scale is consistent with that found in 54 cases of EWs that developed into named storms, highlighting the importance of nonlinear and diabatic processes in cat's eye formation. A shallow water model is then used to study forced and unforced problems of disturbances on a parabolic jet and the observed jet in the composite. The nonlinear forced simulations, with the convective heating represented by a mass sink, produced a realistic time scale for cat's eye formation, and confirm our above-mentioned analytic solution. The modeling results further confirm the synergic role of the dynamical mechanisms of wave breaking and PV redistribution within the nonlinear critical layer, and the thermodynamical mechanism of convectively generated PV anomalies, in the formation of the cat's eye in tropical cyclogenesis. Finally, an objective tracking technique is used to track both developing and nondeveloping EWs. Composite analysis of the large scale structure and characteristics of nondeveloping EWs show that ~91% of non-developing waves are not located on a critical layer with weak PV gradient, while the remaining ~9% indicates characteristics similar to the developing waves. Examination of the composite OW parameter indicates that the nondeveloping waves are characterized by negative values implying that they are dominated by deformation, unlike developing waves which are dominated by vorticity. Our analysis and modeling results thus lend support to the proposed geometric criterion for cat's eye formation in tropical cyclogenesis." --

Download or read book A Multi scale Analysis of Tropical Cyclogenesis Within the Critical Layer of Tropical Easterly Waves in the Atlantic and Western North Pacific Sectors written by Louis L. Lussier and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A newly proposed tropical cyclogenesis sequence that describes the transition of a tropical wave's critical layer to a tropical cyclone is used to examine two formation cases in the western North Pacific basin. Typhoon Nuri (2008), formed from a precursor easterly wave during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 field experiment, and Typhoon Man-yi (2007), formed within an equatorial Rossby wave as it interacted with a monsoon trough. In each case, i) the critical layer of the parent wave protects a proto-vortex from an external hostile environment and allows it to strengthen until it becomes a self-sustained entity and ii) the intersection between the wave trough and critical latitude, within the Kelvin cat's eye, is the preferred location for tropical cyclogenesis. Numerical simulations suggest that the so-called "bottom-up" pathway to tropical cyclogenesis is favored within Typhoon Man-yi's critical layer. Additionally, Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) composite analyses of 55 developing easterly waves indicate that as genesis approaches, i) convection is favored in the Kelvin cat's eye circulation, ii) the convective contribution to total rain rate becomes dominant, iii) the radius of maximum convection decreases, and iv) a convective-type heating profile is present. These findings support the "bottom-up" development model within easterly wave critical layers.

Download or read book Easterly Waves and Tropical Cyclogenesis in the Caribbean written by Kay L. Shelton and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling Studies of African Easterly Waves in Relation to Tropical Cyclogenesis Along the West African Coast written by Claiborne Forbes Tompkins and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tropical Cyclogenesis and Its Relation to Interactions Between African Easterly Waves and Mesoscale Convective Systems written by Kelly Nunez Ocasio and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical cyclogenesis remains a challenging research topic, in part due to the limited understanding of the interactions between the mesoscale processes and the TC-seedling synoptic-scale vortex. The interactions between African easterly waves (AEWs) and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over Africa and east Atlantic and how they pertain to the formation of tropical cyclone (TCs) are documented. First, an algorithm that objectively tracks MCSs over Africa is developed to analyze the morphology and climatology of these systems over Africa. It is shown that realistic MCS propagation over Africa is attained when the tracker accounts for the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) mean background flow in which the MCSs propagate on. With an MCS dataset in place, a climatology AEW-MCS dataset is developed to perform a wave-relative analysis of AEW-MCS systems over Africa and over the Main Development Region. It is found that the MCSs of developing AEW-MCS systems (those that develop into TCs) are more likely to be in phase with and propagate at the same speed as the AEW trough. In contrast, the MCSs of non-developing AEW-MCS systems are more likely to be positioned south of the AEW trough and do not necessarily propagate at the same speed. In addition, it is found that developing AEWs over West Africa are associated with a larger number of Convective Cloud Clusters (CCCs; squall line-type systems) than non-developing AEWs. Over West Africa, the fraction of extremely large MCS areas associated with developing AEWs is larger than for non-developing AEWs. These findings support the notion that both the position of moisture and latent heating relative to the AEW trough are essential for cyclogenesis. At the synoptic-scale, significant differences between developing and non-developing AEWs are identified over eastern Africa (region of AEW onset) that can inform tropical cyclogenesis prediction. TC precursors when compared to non-developing AEWs experience: anomalously active West African Monsoon, stronger northerly flow, more intense zonal Somali jet, anomalous convergence over the Marrah Mountains (region of AEW forcing), and a more intense and elongated African easterly jet (AEJ). These more favorable large scale condition for developers reflect in their initial 850-hPa dynamic and thermodynamic structure over eastern Africa. It is found that AEWs that initiate over eastern Africa and cross the west coast of Africa are more likely to undergo tropical cyclogenesis than those initiating over central or west Africa. Developing AEWs are also more likely to be southern-track AEWs than non-developers.

Download or read book Relation Between Tropical Easterly Wave Convection and Tropical Cyclogenesis Over the Atlantic and East Pacific written by Kenneth D. Leppert (II.) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evolution of African Easterly Waves and Their Relationship to Tropical Cyclogenesis written by Alan Brammer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences written by Gerald R. North and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-09-14 with total page 2874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition, Six Volume Set is an authoritative resource covering all aspects of atmospheric sciences, including both theory and applications. With more than 320 articles and 1,600 figures and photographs, this revised version of the award-winning first edition offers comprehensive coverage of this important field. The six volumes in this set contain broad-ranging articles on topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction. The Encyclopedia is an ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences. It is written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with the latest information in the field. Covers all aspects of atmospheric sciences—including both theory and applications Presents more than 320 articles and more than 1,600 figures and photographs Broad-ranging articles include topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction An ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences

Download or read book Global Perspectives On Tropical Cyclones From Science To Mitigation written by Johnny C L Chan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-04-30 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a completely rewritten, updated and expanded new edition of the original Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones published in 1995. It presents a comprehensive review of the state of science and forecasting of tropical cyclones together with the application of this science to disaster mitigation, hence the tag: From Science to Mitigation.Since the previous volume, enormous progress in understanding tropical cyclones has been achieved. These advances range from the theoretical through to ever more sophisticated computer modeling, all underpinned by a vast and growing range of observations from airborne, space and ocean observation platforms. The growth in observational capability is reflected by the inclusion of three new chapters on this topic. The chapter on the effects of climate change on tropical cyclone activity is also new, and appropriate given the recent intense debate on this issue. The advances in the understanding of tropical cyclones which have led to significant improvements in forecasting track, intensity, rainfall and storm surge, are reviewed in detail over three chapters. For the first time, a chapter on seasonal prediction is included. The book concludes with an important chapter on disaster mitigation, which is timely given the enormous loss of life in recent tropical cyclone disasters.World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate is indexed in SCOPUS.

Download or read book Advanced Numerical Modeling and Data Assimilation Techniques for Tropical Cyclone Predictions written by U.C. Mohanty and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals primarily with monitoring, prediction and understanding of Tropical Cyclones (TCs). It was envisioned to serve as a teaching and reference resource at universities and academic institutions for researchers and post-graduate students. It has been designed to provide a broad outlook on recent advances in observations, assimilation and modeling of TCs with detailed and advanced information on genesis, intensification, movement and storm surge prediction. Specifically, it focuses on (i) state-of-the-art observations for advancing TC research, (ii) advances in numerical weather prediction for TCs, (iii) advanced assimilation and vortex initialization techniques, (iv) ocean coupling, (v) current capabilities to predict TCs, and (vi) advanced research in physical and dynamical processes in TCs. The chapters in the book are authored by leading international experts from academic, research and operational environments. The book is also expected to stimulate critical thinking for cyclone forecasters and researchers, managers, policy makers, and graduate and post-graduate students to carry out future research in the field of TCs.

Download or read book Tropical Cyclones written by Richard Anthes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical Cyclones and hurricanes, long feared for the death and destruction that often accompanies them, are among the most fascinating of atmospheric phenomena. Created by thermodynamic processes, they unleash vast amounts of energy and influence a wide variety of natural processes along their paths. Richard Anthes tells the story of tropical cyclones creation and destruction, of meteorology's successes in understanding, modeling and predicting their behavior, and of the attempts to modify them. The book begins with a lively introduction to hurricanes, their awesome power, and their effects on individuals and societies in the past and present. The characteristics of the mature hurricane are revealed by consideration of rawinsonde, aircraft and satellite data. The physical processes responsible for the development and maintenance of tropical cyclones are treated comprehensively, and illustrated with both qualitative and quantitative examples. The role of the planetary boundary layer, cumulus convection and radiation are all discussed in detail. Progress in numerical simulation of tropical cyclones is carefully reviewed. Modern, three-dimensional models succeed in simulating observed features such as the eye and spiral rain bands and in predicting storm motion over time intervals of three days. Current capabilities to predict and modify hurricanes and tropical cyclones are fully examined. The methods and difficulties of operational forecasting, the economic aspects of storm predictions, and the trends in accuracy of offical forecasts are all considered. The potential benefits and scientific problems associated with hurricane modification are discussed as part of a review of experimental and theoretical results on the consquences of seeding hurricane clouds. A unique feature of the book is a thorough treatment of the interactions between storm and ocean, with both observations and thery being integrated to provide a complete description.

Download or read book A Case Study of the Formation of an Eastern Pacific Tropical Cyclone written by Terence Kung and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones written by Johnny C. L. Chan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Make God's Word your everyday traveling companion. Thin and lightweight, Thomas Nelson's KJV Compact UltraSlim™ Bible boasts a complete and easy-to-read Bible that is ready to go when you are! A Bible you can be comfortable taking with you every day and everywhere you go, the Compact UltraSlim Bible is thin enough to tuck into your purse, briefcase, backpack, or glove compartment, yet large enough for easy readability. The Compact UltraSlim Bible is the perfect gift and ideal companion for today's Christian on the move. Features include: Presentation page Self-pronouncing text Words of Jesus in red Concordance Full-color maps Type size: 6 Part of the CLASSIC SERIES line of Thomas Nelson Bibles Compact UltraSlim Bibles sold to date: More than 135,000 The King James Version-The most successful Bible translation in history with billions of copies published Thomas Nelson Bibles is giving back through the God's Word in Action program. Donating a portion of profits to World Vision, we are helping to eradicate poverty and preventable deaths among children. Learn more and discover what you can do at www.seegodswordinaction.com.

Download or read book Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Formation Pre genesis Evolution of Tropical Easterly Waves and Impacts of the Middle to Upper Tropospheric Dry Air written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Role of African Easterly Waves on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Variability written by Susanna B. Hopsch and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tropical Cyclones written by Roger K. Smith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-22 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical cyclones are a major threat to life and property, even in the formative stages of their development. They include a number of different hazards that individually can cause significant impacts, such as extreme winds, storm surge, flooding, tornadoes, and lightning. Tropical Cyclones: Observations and Basic Processes provides a modern overview of the theory and observations of tropical cyclone structure and behavior. The book begins by summarizing key observations of the structure, evolution, and formation of tropical cyclones. It goes on to develop a theoretical foundation for a basic understanding of tropical cyclone behavior during the storm’s life cycle. Horizontally two-dimensional dynamics of vortex motion and other non-axisymmetric features are considered first before tackling the axisymmetric balance dynamics involving the overturning circulation. Following a review of moist convective processes, later chapters focus mainly on a range of three-dimensional aspects of the tropical cyclone life cycle. Building from first principles, the book provides a state-of-the-art summary of the fundamentals of tropical cyclones aimed at advanced undergraduates, graduate students, tropical meteorologists, and researchers. Members of the Royal Meteorological Society are eligible for a 35% discount on all Developments in Weather and Climate Science series titles. See the RMetS member dashboard for the discount code. Develops a systematic foundation for understanding tropical cyclone dynamics and thermodynamics in two and three dimensions Provides a detailed appraisal of steady-state models and the widely accepted, but enigmatic, WISHE intensification theories Applies the new ideas developed in the book to a range of basic problems, including observational tests of the theory

Download or read book Models for Tropical Climate Dynamics written by Boualem Khouider and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-03 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a survey of the research work done by the author over the last 15 years, in collaboration with various eminent mathematicians and climate scientists on the subject of tropical convection and convectively coupled waves. In the areas of climate modelling and climate change science, tropical dynamics and tropical rainfall are among the biggest uncertainties of future projections. This not only puts at risk billions of human beings who populate the tropical continents but it is also of central importance for climate predictions on the global scale. This book aims to introduce the non-expert readers in mathematics and theoretical physics to this fascinating topic in order to attract interest into this difficult and exciting research area. The general thyme revolves around the use of new deterministic and stochastic multi-cloud models for tropical convection and convectively coupled waves. It draws modelling ideas from various areas of mathematics and physics and used in conjunction with state-of-the-art satellite and in-situ observations and detailed numerical simulations. After a review of preliminary material on tropical dynamics and moist thermodynamics, including recent discoveries based on satellite observations as well as Markov chains, the book immerses the reader into the area of models for convection and tropical waves. It begins with basic concepts of linear stability analysis and ends with the use of these models to improve the state-of-the-art global climate models. The book also contains a fair amount of exercises that makes it suitable as a textbook complement on the subject.