Download or read book Tree Rings as Indicators of Ecological Processes written by Veronika Barbara Stöckli and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tree Rings as Indicators of Ecosystem Health written by Timothy E. Lewis and published by Springer. This book was released on 1995 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the principles and applications of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry. It illustrates how these approaches are used to determine the history of natural and anthropogenic stresses on forest ecosystems and to evaluate the present status of the health of ecosystems. ****This abstract needs to be reworked**** This book is a combination of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry. Trees record the passage of each year by the formation of annual rings. The elements deposited in the wood serve as historical records of past environmental change due to global climate change, acidic deposition, heavy metal deposition, ground water contamination, and many other anthropogenic stresses. Dendrochemistry is currently being used as an indicator of forest health in the joint U.S. EPA/U.S. Forest Service long-term monitoring program called Forest Health Monitoring.
Download or read book Tree Rings and Climate written by H Fritts and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree Rings and Climate deals with the principles of dendrochronology, with emphasis on tree-ring studies involving climate-related problems. This book looks at the spatial and temporal variations in tree-ring growth and how they can be used to reconstruct past climate. Factors and conditions that appear most relevant to tree-ring research are highlighted. Comprised of nine chapters, this book opens with an overview of the basic biological facts and principles of tree growth, as well as the most important terms, principles, and concepts of dendrochronology. The discussion then shifts to the basic biology governing the response of ring width to variation in climate; systematic variations in the width and cell structure of annual tree rings; and the significance of tree growth and structure to dendroclimatology. The movement of materials and internal water relations of trees are also considered, along with photosynthesis, respiration, and the climatic and environmental system. Models of the growth-climate relationships as well as the basic statistics and methods of analysis of these relationships are described. The final chapter includes a general discussion of dendroclimatographic data and presents examples of statistical models that are useful for reconstructing spatial variations in climate. This monograph will be of interest to climatologists, college students, and practitioners in fields such as botany, archaeology, hydrology, oceanography, biology, physiology, forestry, and geophysics.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Tree Ring Research written by James H. Speer and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree-ring dating (dendrochronology) is a method of scientific dating based on the analysis of tree-ring growth patterns. As author James Speer notes, trees are remarkable bioindicators. Although there are other scientific means of dating climatic and environmental events, dendrochronology provides the most reliable of all paleorecords. Dendrochronology can be applied to very old trees to provide long-term records of past temperature, rainfall, fire, insect outbreaks, landslides, hurricanes, and ice storms--to name only a few events. This comprehensive text addresses all of the subjects that a reader who is new to the field will need to know and will be a welcome reference for practitioners at all levels. It includes a history of the discipline, biological and ecological background, principles of the field, basic scientific information on the structure and growth of trees, the complete range of dendrochronology methods, and a full description of each of the relevant subdisciplines. Individual chapters address the composition of wood, methods of field and laboratory study, dendroarchaeology, dendroclimatology, dendroecology, dendrogeomorphology, and dendrochemistry. The book also provides thorough introductions to common computer programs and methods of statistical analysis. In the final chapter, the author describes "frontiers in dendrochronology," with an eye toward future directions in the field. He concludes with several useful appendixes, including a listing of tree and shrub species that have been used successfully by dendrochronologists. Throughout, photographs and illustrations visually represent the state of knowledge in the field.
Download or read book Tree Rings and Natural Hazards written by Markus Stoffel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendrogeomorphology Beginnings and Futures: A Personal Reminiscence My early forays into dendrogeomorphology occurred long before I even knew what that word meant. I was working as a young geoscientist in the 1960s and early 1970s on a problem with slope movements and deformed vegetation. At the same time, unknown to me, Jouko Alestalo in Finland was doing something similar. Both of us had seen that trees which produced annual growth rings were reacting to g- morphic processes resulting in changes in their internal and external growth p- terns. Dendroclimatology was an already well established field, but the reactions of trees to other environmental processes were far less well understood in the 1960s. It was Alestalo (1971) who first used the term, dendrogeomorphology. In the early 1970s, I could see that active slope-movement processes were affecting the growth of trees in diverse ways at certain localities. I wanted to learn more about those processes and try to extract a long-term chronology of movement from the highly diverse ring patterns.
Download or read book Towards A Global Network Of Tree Ring Based Information On Tree Mortality written by Elisabeth M. Robert and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree mortality is a key driver of forest dynamics and its occurrence is projected to increase in the future due to climate change. Despite our better understanding of carbon and water dynamics associated with mortality, our ability to predict individual tree mortality is still limited. Most studies thus far have focused on saplings and on few stress factors only such as drought. Consequently, their outputs are not necessarily valid for the multifactorial and long-term processes that usually occur in old-growth forests. Instead, focusing on the temporal changes in tree-ring properties is pertinent as tree-ring data are available for numerous individuals, sites, and species, and for almost the entire life span of a tree at an annual resolution. In this presentation, we will show how tree rings can be used as an indicator of individual tree mortality, and contribute to our understanding of the physiological and ecological drivers of the actual mortality process. Based on a pan-continental tree ring-width database from sites where both dead and living trees were sampled (more than 8000 trees from 198 sites; 36 species), we will show that growth patterns (growth rate, trend, resilience to extreme events, inter-annual variability, lag-1 temporal autocorrelation, and synchrony) differ between trees that died and those that survived a given mortality event. On a subset of sites, we will also highlight the value of combining ring-based u03b413C and u03b418O information to indicate the various physiological pathways that may occur prior to drought-induced mortality.
Download or read book Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability 6 10 written by Ian Spellerberg and published by Berkshire Publishing Group. This book was released on 2012-04-09 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements, Indicators, and Research Methods for Sustainability presents a thorough and accessible overview of the ways in which sustainability is charted worldwide. Some articles introduce basic concepts, such as quantitative versus qualitative data or the weak versus strong sustainability debate; others examine how indicators in specific areas (climate change and soil conservation, agriculture, and mining) have been applied (or not) to different regions. Research analysts explain the modes and media through which these measurements are broadcast, stressing the importance of developing methods that can be understood by both experts and ordinary citizens. They also examine the process of monitoring, itself a controversial topic affecting national or international policy, law, rules, and regulations.
Download or read book Tree Rings and Environment Dendroecology written by Fritz Hans Schweingruber and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autoökologie, Lebensformen, Ökologie, Ökomorphologie.
Download or read book Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis written by M.R. Carter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-08-03 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly updated and revised, this second edition of the bestselling Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis presents several new chapters in the areas of biological and physical analysis and soil sampling. Reflecting the burgeoning interest in soil ecology, new contributions describe the growing number and assortment of new microbiological
Download or read book Methods of Dendrochronology written by E.R. Cook and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a review and description of the state-of-the-art methods of tree-ring analy~is with specific emphasis on applications in the environmental sciences. Traditionally, methods of tree-ring analysis, or more properly in this case methods 0/ dendrochronology, were developed and used for dating archaeological and historical structures and for reconstructing past climates. The classic book Tree Rings and Climate, by H.C. Fritts, published in 1976, provided a superb introduction to the science and an in-depth description of techniques useful for extracting climatic information from tree rings. This book, which was published by Academic Press, is sadly out of print and, even though only 12 years old, lim ited in its methods and applications. This is owing to the extremely rapid development of the science since the 1970s. Only recently have tree rings as environmental sensors been fully recog nized as a valuable tool in detecting environmental change. For example, tree ring measurements have been critically important in studies of forest decline in Europe and North America. There are also attempts to use tree-ring analysis for ecological prognosis to solve large-scale regional problems including the sustain ability of water supplies, prediction of agricultural crops, and adoption of silvi cultural measures in response to ecological changes. More speculatively, dendro chronological methods are also used for dating and evaluating some astrophysical phenomena and for indicating possible increase in the biospheric carrying capac ity due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Download or read book Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the Last 2000 Years written by Philip Douglas Jones and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A profound knowledge of the past climate is vital for our understanding of global warming. The past 2000 years are both the period which is of most relevance to the next century and that for which there is the most evidence. High-resolution proxy records for this period are available from a variety of sources. Five sections consider dendroclimatology, ice cores, corals, historical records, lake varves, and other indicators. The final two sections cover the histories of various forcing factors and attempt to bring together records from a variety of sources and provide explanations.
Download or read book Tree Rings Environment and Humanity written by Jeffrey S. Dean and published by Radiocarbon Department of Geosciences University of Arizona. This book was released on 1996 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growth dependent Tree Mortality written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stable Isotopes as Indicators of Ecological Change written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 20th century has experienced environmental changes that appear to be unprecedented in their rate and magnitude during the Earth’s history. For the first time, Stable Isotopes as Indicators of Ecological Change brings together a wide range of perspectives and data that speak directly to the issues of ecological change using stable isotope tracers. The information presented originates from a range of biological and geochemical sources and from research fields within biological, climatological and physical disciplines covering time-scales from days to centuries. Unlike any other reference, editors discuss where isotope data can detect, record, trace and help to interpret environmental change. Provides researchers with groundbreaking data on how to predict the terrestrial ecosystems response to the ongoing rapid alterations Reveals how ecosystems have responded to environmental and biotic fluctuations in the past Includes examples from research by a wide range of biological and physical scientists who are using isotopic records to both detect and interpret environmental change
Download or read book Tree Rings written by Fritz Hans Schweingruber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a meeting of dendrochronologists an American colleague described the effects of volcanic eruptions on annual ring formation in bristlecone pines. I knew very little about either volcanoes or American pines! At the same meeting European scientists spoke on the dendrochronological dating of lakeshore settlements and the effects of larch bud moth attack on trees in the Alps. It is possible that American participants were not in a position to fully appreciate these papers either. In other words, dendrochronology is an extremely interdisciplinary science; its facets range from modern statistics on wood anatomy to the history of art. It is difficult even for dendrochronol ogists to keep in touch with the whole spectrum, and even more difficult for the layman to obtain an overall view of the many methods and fields of application. In recent times specialisation has begun to hinder communication be tween the various sectors. Archaeologists, for instance, set up their own dendrochronological laboratories and construct independent chronologies to serve their particular interests. The scientific institutions which previously carried out such work are now turning more and more to strongly statistically or biologically-oriented questions. The full wealth of information contained in tree rings, however, will be revealed only when dendrochronologists make a concerted effort to relate the findings of the different fields. In spite of inevitable specialisation, it is necessary that the expert concern himself with the work of his colleagues.
Download or read book Analysis of Climate Variability written by Hans v. Storch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EUROPEAN SCHOOl OF CLiMATOlOGY AND NATURAL HAZARDS The training of scientific and technical personnel and the development of highly qualified scientists are, and have always been, among the important concerns of the European Commission. Advanced training is an important requirement for the implementation of a common EU policy in science and technology. The European School of Climatology and Natural Hazards was started as apart of the training and education activities of the European Programme on Climatology and Natural Hazards (EPOCH), and is continued under the subsequent research programme (ENVIRONMENT 1990-1994). The school consists of annual courses on specialised subjects within re search in climatology and natural hazards, and is open to graduating, grad uate and post graduate students in these fields. Each of the courses is organized in cooperation with a European Institu tion involved in the current research programme, and is aimed at giving to the students formal lectures and participation in informal discussions with leading researchers. The present volume is based on the lectures given at the course held on the island of Elba from the 30th October to the 6th of November 1993 on Statistical Analysis of Climate Variability. It features selected and extended presentations, and represents an important contribution to advanced studies in climate statistical analysis, supplementing more traditional texts. I trust that all those involved in research related to climate change and climate variability will appreciate this work and will benefit from the com prehensive and state-of-the-art information it provides.
Download or read book Tree rings as Indicators of Intra annual Climate written by Meade Francis Kemrer and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
