Download or read book Tree Mortality and Top Kill Related to Defoliation by the Douglas Fir Tussock Moth in the Blue Mountains Outbreak Classic Reprint written by Boyd E. Wickman and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-03 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Tree Mortality and Top-Kill Related to Defoliation by the Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth in the Blue Mountains Outbreak The data indicate that Douglas-fir suffers proportionally more tree mortality than grand fir. Douglas-fir comprises about 20 percent of the stand on the plots, but the total percent stand mortality almost equals grand fir mortality. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Radial Growth in Grand Fir and Douglas Fir Related to Defoliation by the Douglas Fir Tussock Moth in the Blue Mountains Outbreak Classic Reprint written by Boyd E. Wickman and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Radial Growth in Grand Fir and Douglas-Fir Related to Defoliation by the Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth in the Blue Mountains Outbreak A recent extensive outbreak in the Blue Mountains of Oregon and washington offered the opportunity to study tree damage resulting from defoliation by extremely dense populations of dftm. The objective of studies begun in 1972 was to use defoliation intensity in 1972 and 1973 as a predictor of tree damage during and after the outbreak. Two important forms of damage, tree mortality and top - kill, have already been summarized from this study (wickman l978a). The three forms of damage have also been mathematically represented in the dftm outbreak model (overton and Colbert This paper summarizes the effects of defoliation on radial growth during and immediately after the outbreak. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Radial Growth of Grand Fir and Douglas fir 10 Years After Defoliation by the Douglas fir Tussock Moth in the Blue Mountains Outbreak written by Boyd E. Wickman and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Growth of White Fir After Douglas fir Tussock Moth Outbreaks written by Boyd E. Wickman and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lumber Recovery and Deterioration of Beetle killed Douglas fir and Grand Fir in the Blue Mountains of Eastern Oregon written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tree Growth in Thinned and Unthinned White Fir Stands 20 Years After a Douglas fir Tussock Moth Outbreak written by Boyd E. Wickman and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Susceptibility of Stands to Defoliation by Western Spruce Budworm on the Payette National Forest Idaho written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lumber Recovery and Deterioration of Beetle killed Douglas fir and Grand Fir in the Blue Mountains of Eastern Oregon written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mortality and Growth Reduction of White Fir Following Defoliation by Douglas fir Tussock Moth written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Laminated Root Rot in a Western Washington Plantation written by Richard E. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 4-year-old Douglas-fir plantation in the western Washington Cascades was monitored for 8 years after fertilization with potassium (K), nitrogen (N), and K+N to determine fertilizer effects on rates of mortality from laminated root rot (LRR) and other causes relative to a nonfertilized control. Each element was applied at a rate of 300 lb/acre on and around 0.2-acre plots replicated seven times in a randomized complete block design. Cumulative mortality from LRR did not differ significantly among fertilizer treatments, and losses were strongly related to density of infected stumps from the previous stand (r2 = 0.74). Mortality from disease and other sources accelerated during the 8 years of monitoring. Average tree growth and stand volume were greatest in treatment N and were reduced where N was combined with K. Continued monitoring is needed to identify potential longer term effects of the fertilizer treatments on susceptibility of Douglas-fir to LRR and Armillaria spp.

Download or read book Stem Volume Losses in Grand Firs Topkilled by Western Spruce Budworm in Idaho written by George T. Ferrell and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mature grand firs (Abies grandis [Dougl. ex D. Don] Lindl.) were sampled in two stands, one cutover and one virgin, in the Little Salmon River drainage in west-central Idaho, to estimate stem volume losses associated with topkilling. Damage to the stands resulted from three outbreaks of western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) in 1922-30, 1952-55, and 1969-78. Stems of the firs were dissected and examined for reductions in height and radial growth, stem deformities, and decay associated with topkills. Merchantable volume losses (to a minimum 4-inch diameter top) were calculated for each outbreak. Greatest volume loss was associated with tops killed by the 1922-30 outbreak. Loss varied widely among the trees and stands sampled. In the cutover stand, which received a sanitation cutting in the late 1960's, firs topkilled by the 1922-30 outbreak averaged losses of 9.5 ft3 (0.3 m3), amounting to 11.1 percent of merchantable stem volume. In the vigin stand, losses averaged 26.3 ft3 (0.3 m3) or 20.5 percent of stem volume. Topkill-associated decays, caused mainly by Indian paint fungus (Echinodontium tinctorium Ell. and Ev.) were responsible for most of this loss. Smaller volume losses were recorded in firs topkilled by the 1952-55 outbreak. Losses per tree averaged 3.3 ft3 (0.1 m3) or 5.4 percent in the cutover stand, and 0.5 ft3 (0.02 m3) or 0.3 percent in the virgin stand. These losses resulted mainly from height growth reductions rather than decay. No merchantable volume losses were recorded for the 1969-78 outbreak.

Download or read book Stress Triggered Tree Diseases written by David R. Houston and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Increased Growth of White Fir After a Douglas fir Tussock Moth Outbreak written by Boyd E. Wickman and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pine Butterfly Neophasia Menapia Outbreak in the Malheur National Forest Blue Mountains Oregon written by Ariadne T. DeMarco and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pine butterfly (Neophasia menapia C. Felder & R. Felder) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is a relatively host-specific defoliator of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws). From 2008 to 2012, the Malheur National Forest was subject to an outbreak of pine butterfly in ponderosa pine, peaking at ~100,000 ha of forest visibly defoliated in 2011. Silvicultural-based management guidelines have been used to manage stand resilience to other insect defoliators, but guidelines specific to the pine butterfly are currently lacking. The goal of this study is to examine pine butterfly defoliation patterns to relate stand and tree structure characteristics to inform management guidelines. I randomly sampled 25 stands within ponderosa pine forests delineated as heavily defoliated in 2011 by annual forest health aerial surveys. Within each stand I randomly located three transect plots, 10 x 40m, and measured diameter at breast height (DBH), height, and estimated defoliation for the entirety of all trees> 5cm DBH. Data was analyzed using linear mixed effects models to account for all other determinants of defoliation before measuring variables under study. Defoliation averaged 67% for all trees. Stand density index, stand structure, tree crown class, and level within a tree canopy demonstrated no meaningful effects on mean defoliation. I infer from these results that defoliation levels during pine butterfly outbreaks are not influenced by structural or crown characteristics; virtually all available foliage is consumed in these single host-species stands (though note that ~10% of trees studied showed

Download or read book Douglas fir Beetle Mediated Changes to Fuel Complexes Foliar Moisture Content and Terpenes in Interior Douglas fir Forests of the Central Rocky Mountains written by Andrew D. Giunta and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent bark beetle outbreaks have caused extensive tree mortality in conifer forests across western Northern America, which has altered forest fuels. These changes have raised concerns about forest health and wildfire risk. Studies focused on interactions between bark beetles, forests fuels, and changes in fire behavior have been primarily led in upper elevation forests characterized by high-severity fire regimes, principally in lodgepole pine (pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon) and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm) forests. Few studies to date have addressed bark beetle fuel interactions in lower to middle montane forest characterized by a mixed-severity fire regime, with available research focused strictly on assessing fuel load conditions or stand structural changes. The goal of this research was to quantify and characterize surface and canopy fuel changes in middle montane interior Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.)) forest infested by Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins), while also measuring physical and chemical changes to foliage in terms of moisture content and terpenes, which are known to play important roles in foliage flammability. Our results revealed few changes in surface fuels following Douglas-fir beetle infestations aside from a significant increase in litter depth and loading in red stage sample plots. Substantial changes to canopy fuels were detected in the red stage of an outbreak with a significant reduction in foliar moisture content measured as tree crowns faded from a healthy green phase to red. During this period, volatile emissions and within-needle concentrations of terpenes increased, including some terpenes previously associated with increased foliage flammability in other tree species. Furthermore, aerial fuel parameters that estimate the likelihood of crown fire initiation, including canopy bulk density and canopy base height, showed a substantial reduction in gray stage sample plots. Based on our findings we judge the influence of Douglas-fir beetle activity on altering fuels is most pronounced in the aerial fuels complex. Our results suggest bark beetle affected interior Douglas-fir stands with a high percentage of trees in yellow and red crown phases could have an increased threshold for crown fire initiation based on higher levels of flammable monoterpenes and lower foliar moisture content.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Tree Ring Research written by James H. Speer and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree-ring dating (dendrochronology) is a method of scientific dating based on the analysis of tree-ring growth patterns. As author James Speer notes, trees are remarkable bioindicators. Although there are other scientific means of dating climatic and environmental events, dendrochronology provides the most reliable of all paleorecords. Dendrochronology can be applied to very old trees to provide long-term records of past temperature, rainfall, fire, insect outbreaks, landslides, hurricanes, and ice storms--to name only a few events. This comprehensive text addresses all of the subjects that a reader who is new to the field will need to know and will be a welcome reference for practitioners at all levels. It includes a history of the discipline, biological and ecological background, principles of the field, basic scientific information on the structure and growth of trees, the complete range of dendrochronology methods, and a full description of each of the relevant subdisciplines. Individual chapters address the composition of wood, methods of field and laboratory study, dendroarchaeology, dendroclimatology, dendroecology, dendrogeomorphology, and dendrochemistry. The book also provides thorough introductions to common computer programs and methods of statistical analysis. In the final chapter, the author describes "frontiers in dendrochronology," with an eye toward future directions in the field. He concludes with several useful appendixes, including a listing of tree and shrub species that have been used successfully by dendrochronologists. Throughout, photographs and illustrations visually represent the state of knowledge in the field.

Download or read book Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture Land Resources Water Resources and Biodiversity in the United States written by Peter Backlund and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report by the Nat. Science and Tech. Council¿s U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) is part of a series of 21 reports aimed at providing current assessments of climate change science to inform public debate, policy, and operational decisions. These reports are also intended to help the CCSP develop future program research priorities. The CCSP¿s guiding vision is to provide the Nation and the global community with the science-based knowledge needed to manage the risks and capture the opportunities associated with climate and related environmental changes. This report assesses the effects of climate change on U.S. land resources, water resources, agriculture, and biodiversity. It was developed with broad scientific input. Illus.